CN103639590A - Metal sheet curvature radius adjusting method and device based on hollow beam laser shock - Google Patents
Metal sheet curvature radius adjusting method and device based on hollow beam laser shock Download PDFInfo
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- CN103639590A CN103639590A CN201310539716.4A CN201310539716A CN103639590A CN 103639590 A CN103639590 A CN 103639590A CN 201310539716 A CN201310539716 A CN 201310539716A CN 103639590 A CN103639590 A CN 103639590A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D1/00—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling
- B21D1/06—Removing local distortions
Abstract
The invention discloses a metal sheet curvature radius adjusting method and device based on hollow beam laser shock, and belongs to the technical field of laser processing. According to the method, hollow beams serve as an energy source, and the curvature radius of a bent sheet is adjusted through the laser shock. The device comprises a laser device 4 used for outputting solid beams 5, after the solid beams 5 pass through a beam shaping system 6, the hollow beams 7 are obtained, and the hollow beams 7 pass through a focusing lens 8, so that an annular focusing light spot 9 is obtained to act on the bent sheet 10. The bent sheet 10 is fixed to a worktable plane 12 through a bent vertex 11 of the bent sheet 10. Laser beams are irradiated to a workpiece in the direction vertical to the worktable plane 12, and the center of the annular focusing light spot 9 and the bent vertex 11 are overlapped. Shock waves acting on two wings of the bent sheet apply a bending moment with the bent vertex as the center on the bent sheet, so that the curvature radius in a laser shock acting area is increased, and the curvature radius in the area can be increased gradually through multiple times of the action until the whole sheet is leveled. The method and device are suitable for partial leveling of bent sheets or semi-finished parts or adjustment of partial curvature radiuses.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of laser processing, refer in particular to and a kind ofly with hollow beam, produce loop laser shock wave, adjust the method and apparatus of crooked thin metal blank radius of curvature.
Background technology
Thin metal blank is one of common used material in engineering application, and the smoothing of bending plate material or radius of curvature adjustment are also common manufacturing operations.Current conventional machinery formula method of adjustment.As roll smoothing progress, light sheet to be smoothed, by straightener roll, is realized and is flattened sheet material.But roll smoothing progress is applicable to sheet material large area whole calibration, for the light sheet of the local smoothing of needs or need to proofread and correct the part semi-finished product of local radius of curvature, be not suitable for very much.As everyone knows, light laser, at the high-pressure machinery shock wave of material surface induction, can cause workpiece local plastic deformation, can be used for changing bent plate local radius of curvature, and flexible.In the process of smoothing or adjustment bending plate material radius of curvature, majority was used solid light beam laser-impact in the past.As shown in Figure 1, one end of splint fixation material, laser action is in other one end, and induction shock wave applies monolateral torsional moment to sheet material, changes the radius of curvature of sheet material.In addition, the method that also can adopt laser peening to be shaped, its basic ideas are: laser-impact obtains certain Stress Field Distribution in light sheet, and the Stress Field Distribution of material internal can cause whole light sheet that macroscopical plastic deformation occurs, and then change the radius of curvature of material.The method that adopts monolateral laser-impact change bent plate radius of curvature as shown in Figure 1, principle simple, intuitive, is straight line or plane but the method requires workpiece one end, is convenient to clamping, and monolateral impact, efficiency is relatively low.And in laser peening forming process, the factor that affects material internal stress field is various, impact mechanism is complicated, and with regard to current theory and technology level, process poor controllability, is difficult to be applied to reality.
Summary of the invention
the object of the invention is to have proposedusing hollow beam as laser-impact source, act on light sheet, change the method for its bending curvature radius.The method is specially adapted to need the local occasion of smoothing light sheet or changing local buckling radius of curvature fast
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device that thin metal blank radius of curvature is adjusted of realizing, and this device can meet the needs of bent plate smoothing.
Method solution of the present invention is: a kind of thin metal blank radius of curvature method of adjustment based on hollow beam laser-impact, comprises the following steps:
1) bending plate material (10) is fixed on workbench (12) by crooked summit (11);
2) on bending plate material (10), apply in advance absorbed layer and restraint layer;
3) by beam shaping system (6), solid laser is adjusted into hollow beam;
4) described hollow beam produces focal beam spot by condenser lens, and described focal beam spot overlaps with the crooked summit (11) on described bending plate material (10);
5) adjust internal diameter and the external diameter size that beam shaping system (6) changes hollow beam;
6) repeating step 4) until smoothing bending plate material (10).
Device solution of the present invention is: a kind of thin metal blank radius of curvature adjusting device based on hollow beam laser-impact, comprise laser instrument (4), beam shaping system (6), condenser lens (8), the solid laser (5) that described laser instrument (4) sends produces hollow beam (7) through beam shaping system (6), described hollow beam (7) above produces ring focusing hot spot (9) through condenser lens (8) at the bending plate material (10) being fixed on workbench (12), described ring focusing hot spot (9) overlaps with the crooked summit (11) on described bending plate material (10).
Described beam shaping system (6) is adjusted internal diameter and the external diameter size of hollow beam (7).
described beam shaping system (6) comprises that each interval is arranged in order and coaxial the first convex lens (13), concavees lens (14), the second convex lens (15), protruding axial cone prism (16), recessed axial cone prism (17), described the first convex lens (13), concavees lens (14), the second convex lens (15), protruding axial cone prism (16), arbitrary eyeglass of recessed axial cone prism (17) can move along axis.
Further, also comprise control system, described control system is connected with described beam shaping system (6), for controlling internal diameter and the external diameter size of adjusting hollow beam (7).
Upper absorbed layer and the restraint layer of applying of described bending plate material (10).
compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention and effect:using hollow beam as laser-impact source, change bent plate radius of curvature, with respect to traditional mechanical method of adjustment, automaticity is high, flexible better; With respect to laser peening, be shaped and proofread and correct the method for light sheet shape, more directly perceived, controllability is better; With respect to the method for monolateral laser-impact, the method speed is faster, and efficiency is higher, less demanding to part original-shape.The method is particularly useful for bent plate or the half-finished local smoothing of part or radius of curvature adjustment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: monolateral laser-impact is adjusted bending plate material radius of curvature principle schematic;
Fig. 2: hollow beam laser-impact is adjusted bending plate material radius of curvature device schematic diagram, and this figure doubles as Figure of abstract;
Fig. 3: a kind of topology example of beam shaping system 6;
1: fixture, 2: bent plate, 3: laser beam, 4: laser instrument, 5: solid light beam, 6: beam shaping system, 7: hollow beam, 8: condenser lens, 9: ring-shaped light spot, 10: bending plate material, 11: crooked summit, 12: table plane, 13: the first convex lens, 14: concavees lens, 15: the second convex lens, 16: protruding axial cone prism, 17: recessed axial cone prism.
the specific embodiment:
The solid light beam 5 of laser instrument 4 output, after beam shaping system 6, obtains hollow beam 7, and hollow beam 7, through condenser lens 8, obtains ring focusing hot spot 9 and acts on bending plate material 10.Bending plate material 10 is fixed in table plane 12 by its crooked summit 11.Bending plate material 10 is fixed in table plane 12 by its crooked summit 11, can adopt anyly can realize the mode of rigidly fixing, can be for gripping mode.Light beam incides on workpiece with the direction perpendicular to table plane 12, and the center of ring focusing hot spot 9 overlaps with crooked summit.Ring-shaped light spot produces annular shock wave at light sheet spatial induction, act on the both wings of bent plate, the shock wave that acts on bent plate both wings applies the bending moment centered by crooked summit to bent plate, cause laser-impact region radius of curvature to become large, hollow beam repeatedly acts on, can increase gradually this region radius of curvature, until smooth whole light sheet.
Ring focusing hot spot 9 can change its internal-and external diameter size by the relative position realization of adjusting between beam shaping system 6 interior eyeglasses, and the spatial distribution of annular shock wave and surge pressure size can be adjusted by changing the internal-and external diameter of ring-shaped light spot.Beam shaping system 6, can realize the optical mirror slip group that solid light beam is transformed to hollow beam for any.
As shown in Figure 2, output wavelength is Nd
3+: YAG laser instrument is as laser-impact source, and its pulse width is nanosecond order.Laser instrument can also be any short-pulse laser that is suitable for laser-impact processing.Laser instrument is exported solid light beam by after beam shaping system, converts hollow beam to, then passes through condenser lens 8, obtains and focuses on ring-shaped light spot.Beam shaping system shown in Fig. 3 is by the first convex lens 13, concavees lens 14, the second convex lens 15, protruding axial cone prism 16, the lens set that 5 eyeglasses such as recessed axial cone prism 17 grade form.
Ring-shaped light spot 9, at light sheet spatial induction shock wave, needs, as conventional laser-impact processing, at surface of the work, to apply in advance absorbed layer and restraint layer.Absorbed layer is not damaged by ablation for improving energy absorption efficiency and the protection surface of the work of material surface.Restraint layer is used for providing the pressure peak of induced with laser shock wave, and extends shock wave in the action time of surface of the work.
Before laser-impact processing, at surface of the work, spray in advance pitch-dark or aluminium foil as absorbed layer.This workpiece, by the fixture on workbench, is held on to table plane 12.In impact process, at shock zone water spray curtain, as restraint layer.When workpiece is placed in the condenser lens 8 front appropriate locations of focus, at surface of the work, obtain the ring-shaped light spot of certain size, ring-shaped light spot is at surface of the work induction loop laser shock wave.The shock wave that acts on bent plate both wings applies the bending moment centered by crooked summit to bent plate, and laser-impact region radius of curvature becomes large.If desired smooth shock zone, hollow beam repeatedly acts on, and can increase gradually this region radius of curvature, until smooth whole light sheet.Adjust the relative position between eyeglass in beam shaping system and can change the internal-and external diameter size that focuses on ring-shaped light spot.Change the first convex lens 13, concavees lens 14, the relative position of the second convex lens 15, can adjust the size of ring-shaped light spot external diameter, change the relative position of protruding axial cone prism 16 and recessed axial cone prism 17, the size of ring-shaped light spot internal diameter can be adjusted, thus, ring-shaped light spot internal-and external diameter size can be adjusted flexibly to meet different actual needs.
Claims (6)
1. the thin metal blank radius of curvature method of adjustment based on hollow beam laser-impact, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) bending plate material (10) is fixed on workbench (12) by crooked summit (11);
2) on bending plate material (10), apply in advance absorbed layer and restraint layer;
3) by beam shaping system (6), solid laser is adjusted into hollow beam;
4) described hollow beam produces focal beam spot by condenser lens, and described focal beam spot overlaps with the crooked summit (11) on described bending plate material (10);
5) adjust internal diameter and the external diameter size that beam shaping system (6) changes hollow beam;
6) repeating step 4) until smoothing bending plate material (10).
2. the thin metal blank radius of curvature adjusting device based on hollow beam laser-impact, comprise laser instrument (4), beam shaping system (6), condenser lens (8), it is characterized in that, the solid laser (5) that described laser instrument (4) sends produces hollow beam (7) through beam shaping system (6), described hollow beam (7) above produces ring focusing hot spot (9) through condenser lens (8) at the bending plate material (10) being fixed on workbench (12), described ring focusing hot spot (9) overlaps with the crooked summit (11) on described bending plate material (10).
3. a kind of thin metal blank radius of curvature adjusting device based on hollow beam laser-impact according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described beam shaping system (6) is adjusted internal diameter and the external diameter size of hollow beam (7).
4. a kind of thin metal blank radius of curvature adjusting device based on hollow beam laser-impact according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described beam shaping system (6) comprises that each interval is arranged in order and coaxial the first convex lens (13), concavees lens (14), the second convex lens (15), protruding axial cone prism (16), recessed axial cone prism (17), described the first convex lens (13), concavees lens (14), the second convex lens (15), protruding axial cone prism (16), arbitrary eyeglass of recessed axial cone prism (17) can move along axis.
5. a kind of thin metal blank radius of curvature adjusting device based on hollow beam laser-impact according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, also comprise control system, described control system is connected with described beam shaping system (6), for controlling internal diameter and the external diameter size of adjusting hollow beam (7).
6. a kind of thin metal blank radius of curvature adjusting device based on hollow beam laser-impact according to claim 2, is characterized in that, upper absorbed layer and the restraint layer of applying of described bending plate material (10).
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103862165A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-06-18 | 大连理工大学 | Bending method of metal laminate in coordination with laser |
| CN105458941A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-04-06 | 广东长盈精密技术有限公司 | Metal work piece shaping method |
| CN106735939A (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2017-05-31 | 常州特尔玛枪嘴有限公司 | A kind of laser cutting head of adjustable spot size |
| CN106896109A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-27 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Systems for optical inspection and its detection method |
| CN107180131A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-09-19 | 广东工业大学 | Method for determining the laser impact intensified thin-wall part Deformation Curvature radius of multiple spot |
| CN108559835A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-09-21 | 江苏大学 | A kind of device and method of laser processing ball bearing outer rollaway nest |
| CN111151593A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-15 | 东莞市逸昊金属材料科技有限公司 | Shaping correction method and device |
| CN112192019A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-08 | 深圳市韵腾激光科技有限公司 | Laser processing drilling system |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103862165A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-06-18 | 大连理工大学 | Bending method of metal laminate in coordination with laser |
| CN103862165B (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2015-08-19 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of metal laminate laser coordinates bending method |
| CN105458941A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-04-06 | 广东长盈精密技术有限公司 | Metal work piece shaping method |
| CN105458941B (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2018-02-06 | 广东长盈精密技术有限公司 | Metal works shaping methods |
| CN106896109A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-27 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Systems for optical inspection and its detection method |
| CN106735939A (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2017-05-31 | 常州特尔玛枪嘴有限公司 | A kind of laser cutting head of adjustable spot size |
| CN107180131A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-09-19 | 广东工业大学 | Method for determining the laser impact intensified thin-wall part Deformation Curvature radius of multiple spot |
| CN107180131B (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2020-10-16 | 广东工业大学 | Method for determining deformation curvature radius of multipoint laser shock peening thin-walled part |
| CN108559835A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-09-21 | 江苏大学 | A kind of device and method of laser processing ball bearing outer rollaway nest |
| CN111151593A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-15 | 东莞市逸昊金属材料科技有限公司 | Shaping correction method and device |
| CN111151593B (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-10-08 | 东莞市逸昊金属材料科技有限公司 | Shaping correction method and device |
| CN112192019A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-08 | 深圳市韵腾激光科技有限公司 | Laser processing drilling system |
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