DE102008013303A1 - Releasing aromates from organic compound, comprises hindering the formation of aromates from the pyrolytic crack products and heating the carbon dioxide by thermal pyrolysis, which releases the aromates and is taken away as a gas current - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for the release of aromates from an organic compound by a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic process, comprises hindering the formation of aromates from the pyrolytic crack products by carbon dioxide released during the pyrolysis and simultaneously heating the carbon dioxide by thermal pyrolysis, which releases the aromates from the organic base compounds and is taken away as a gas current, where in the Langmuir zone of a thermal pyrolysis, reactive metal carbonate salt decomposition takes place using hot carbon dioxide gas as solvent for aromatics.

Description

method to release aromas while suppressing them Polycyclic formation processes within and in the vicinity a chemical-exothermic pyrolysis.

The Innovation describes a process for the release of aromatics organic compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process, as well as pyrolytic processes and describes equally a simultaneous suppression of the educational schemes of Aromatics in the presence of carbonaceous material such as CO2.

The Suppression of polyadditive carbon processes and hydrogen, hydrocarbons and the simplest organic Connections is the state of the art in on polluting and Combustion processes by means of exhaust gas recirculation known in the largest distribution. Likewise, this is Technology in the automotive industry about exhaust gas recirculation known, and now widely used.

In the exhaust gas recirculation, the exhaust gas, which usually consists of N 2, CO 2 and little CO, is mixed with fresh air, and fed back into the combustion process as mixed gas with enriched oxygen. In the process, the CO2, which is recirculated via the exhaust gas recirculation in the combustion process, unfolds from the declaration DE 103 20 067 described effects within the combustion processes.

It comes to a suppression until the avoidance of aromatics in the presence of carbonaceous material such as CO2. in pyrolysis processes, as well as pollination and combustion processes.

Of the DE 41 24 277 describes a thermal process for the decontamination of soils, which at 650C under exclusion of oxygen, remove the resulting by the thermal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using a desorbent such as CO2 as solvent and carrier gas from the process.

In the flavor release is from the wine industry research, the FR-OS 25 05 868 and the EP-PS 00 77 745 As well as earlier references, it is already known to extract by natural alcoholic fermentation drinks such as wine flavorings as well as ethanol by a high-pressure extraction with carbon dioxide. Essentially, the two cited documents differ only in that they work in one case with liquid carbon dioxide and in the other case with carbon dioxide in the supercritical state. Both documents describe in detail these methods.

These By means of carbon dioxide desired flavor release is sufficient Gentle process, which does not and the substances extracted from it damaged.

The topic of suppressing the formation of thermal aromas by means of catalysts such as salts or metal oxides has long been known from the tobacco industry:
From P 29 19 556.0 process is known to a tobacco blend, cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobacco manufactured therefrom and method for treating tobacco, wherein nicotine and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons usually formed in the combustion of tobacco can be suppressed. The EP 02 792 448.9 and its PCT publication no .: WO 20031053177 from 18. 12. 2002 describes the state of the art and clarifies also Verschwelungsreaktionen.

Problem:

It was a process for the release of aromatics from organic compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic process to create the educational schemes of aromatics from pyrolytic Chrackprodukten hamper and at the same time from the thermals of the Pyrolysis liberated aromatics from an organic base material dissolves to dissipate via a gas stream to be able to.

The general state of the art approaches have encouraged us to take a closer look at the formation process within pyrolysis:
It is known that numerous substances or substance combinations found in tobacco smoke are toxic. Examples of such unwanted tobacco smoke constituents are polycyclic aromatic compounds and their heterocyclic analogues.

The strongly carcinogenic effects of some polycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons are known. Special polycyclic aromatic Connection must be given special attention. Benzenes and their compounds such as: 1,2-benzopyrene as well as 3,4-benzopyrene and 4,5-benzopyrene. The special attention is therefore appropriate since this compound and has long been considered a highly carcinogenic agent are known. As well as toluene, phenol and their compounds.

To reduce the levels of tobacco smoke to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a variety of treatment measures have already been carried out. It is already known to add tobacco with nitrates and nitrites. From the FE-PS 1 180 320, the addition of nitrites to tobacco and cigarette paper for lowering the (formed) amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is known.

From the U.S. Patent 3,121,433 the addition of potassium nitrate should be mentioned.

From the U.S. Patent 3,180,458 the addition of potassium and sodium nitrate to tobacco is known for reducing the formation of cigarette tar due to the accelerated burning rate of the cigarette.

The Treatment of tobacco blends with platinum group metals, e.g. As platinum, palladium, rhodium, osmium, iridium and ruthenium, to Reduction of tobacco smoke on active carcinogenic substances from GP-PS 841 074 known.

Furthermore, attempts have been made to reduce the polycyclic aromatic compounds by means of zeolite molecular sieves. For example, from the U.S. Patent 3,292,636 Tobacco preparations are known in combination with molecular sieves of the L, X and Y series, synthetic or naturally occurring layered minerals. These sieves may have metals with catalytic activity with respect to organic conversion reactions.

From the U.S. Patent 3,572,348 For example, a smoke formulation with a zeolite material that effectively lowers the amount of polycyclic aromatic compounds formed upon combustion of tobacco is known. The zeolite material used has Y structure and has at least partially ion-exchanged zinc or contains metallic palladium. From the U.S. Patent 3,703,901 moreover, it is known that Y zeolites which have ion-exchanged Zn ions and contain platinum or silver are used to reduce the amount of polycyclic aromatic compounds in tobacco smoke.

Solution approach of the problem:

Our Investigations have shown that at a temperature above 550C a electrochemically active zone around the combustion zone, our pyrolysis-melting zone is formed. This zone is referred to in the literature as Langmuirzone described. Langmuirzonenprozessreaktionen were from us with contact gases carried out.

First we have the formation mechanism from pure CO2 gas to a reactive one Langmuirzone considered. The CO2 emits a zone gas, which causes the Carbon displaced from the Lanmuirzone, and contact chemical Polymer processes of the plasmatized hydrocarbon with chracked products hinders radicalized hydrocarbons.

there we found that a CO2-O2 gas mixture reacts on a reactive Langmuirzone an unpredictable quantum-mechanical interaction process triggers which of the literature was not apparent.

simplified it was assumed that the oxygen was produced by means of the superposition effect with the CO2 nothing in the reaction affinity to others Binding partners and the oxygen loses CO2 as Langmuirkontaktgas replaces.

It But first run off oxidation processes with carbon and the Pyrolytically cracked hydrogen is released unreacted the Langmuirzone, and seek newer in secondary reactions Binding partner, usually self or secondary oxygen.

The allows for a reactive interaction process of oxygen gas and close carbon dioxide gas in the plasmatized state.

We watched with surprise that this to the Langmuirzone introduced CO2 gas, which is thermally high reactivated, an extremely good solvent for Hydrocarbon and aromatics represents, and thereby leading blocked by aromatics to the electrochemically active Langmuirzone.

The Pyrolysis activates the CO2 gas and that causes the electrochemically activated CO2 gas is a greatly increased Has solvent power of aromatics.

From the FR-OS 25 05 868 and the EP-PS 00 77 It is well known that CO2 gas, taken in its own supercritical state, is already a good solvent for flavorings.

pure CO2 gas is not a solvent at normal and normal conditions.

Our solution to activate plasma plasma in a Langmuirzone in order to increase the solvent power against aromas was compared by another experiment:
CO2 gas was exposed to a barrier discharge to plasmatize it. The approach was verified. The solvent power of flavors in CO2 gas, which was excited via a plasma contact, is significantly higher than in the pure gas state.

Results and the graphical representation of the phenomena are on demand accessible to the examination procedure to the inventor height to support.

Guided within a flow reactor Gas flow around the pyrolysis and its surrounding Langmuirzone, it means in a pyrolysis of organic material with aromatics, the aromatic constituents of the organic material by the presence of CO2 in front of the pyrolytic zone and during the pyrolytic process by the pyrolytically reactivated CO2 Gas is released from the organic material, and taken with the gas stream. Also inhibits the formation of polycyclic aromatics such as benzene, toluene and phenol.

For example This means in the smoldering of tobacco that the aromatic Ingredients of tobacco due to the presence of CO2 before the pyrolytic Zone and during the Verschwelungspyrolytischen process through the pollutant pyrolytically reactivated CO2 gas removed from the tobacco and with a vacuum gas stream is taken. There is also an inhibition of the formation of polycyclic aromatics such as benzene, toluene and phenol.

CO2 can be added to pyrolysis as follows:
By thermal decomposition of CO2 releasing or releasing substances such as carbonic acid salts such as marble (calcium carbonate) or soda (sodium carbonate), among others

These Salts are preferably soluble in the organic matter, (via a soda solution), so the organic Solid salt mixture (physical batch) pyrolyzed, or Dissolve or melt the salt in a face silicate capillary (and dried).

Sheet silicate particles like a layered mineral zeolite, an aluminum silicate, with a three-dimensional basic structure with the formula: XM2 / nO-Al203-YSi02-ZH20. M stands for an ion-exchangeable ion, usually a monovalent or divalent metal ion; n stands for the atomic valency of the (metal) ion; X and Y stand for coefficients of metal oxide or silica; and Z stands for the number of water of crystallization. Examples of such zeolites include A-type zeolites, X-type zeolites, Y-type zeolites, T-type zeolites, High silica zeolites, sodalite, mordenite, analcite, clinoptilolite, Chabazite and Erionite, a.

The Ion exchange capacities of these zeolites are as follows: A-type zeolite = 7 meqlg; X-type zeolites = 6.4 meqlg, Y-type zeolites = 5 meqlg; T-type zeolites = 3.4 meqlg; Sodalite = 11.5 meqlg; mordenite = 2.6 meqlg; Analcite = 5 meqlg; Clinoptilolite = 2.6 meqlg; chabazite = 5 meqlg; and erionite = 3.8 meqlg.

Also ceramic particles such as zeolites, hydroxyapatite, zirconium phosphates and other ion-exchanging ceramic materials, in particular the hydroxyapatite particles containing metals, as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,009,898 or zirconium phosphates containing metals, as described, for. Tie U.S. Patent No. 5,296,238 ; 5,441,717 ; and 5 405 644 can be used, can be used.

at In our experiments, we found that to be porous inert substances such as porous layered minerals such as zeolite or activated carbon salts such as AgCO3. Will the porous substance with the salt dissolved in it introduced a pyrolysis zone, the salt decomposes under CO2 gas release and the liberated metal ion may interact with the inert carrier become catalytically active in the pyrolysis zone. Silver is catalytic Combustion and hinders the formation of aromatics in the Pyrolysis zone, especially in the presence of carbon monoxide Gas like CO2.

Important CO2 release is the right time to introduce it of the material with the pyrolitic hindrance of polycyclic origin Aromatics.

An inert carrier delays the release of the materials and the thermal decomposition of the salts in advance via the radiant heat. The delay depends on the size and heat capacity of the porous carrier or the size of the metal salt carbonate granules. CO2 is directly available in the Langmuirzone of combustion in a minimum concentration via the pyrolytic release from the chemically bound CO2. The concentration of CO2 in the Langmuirzone is crucial for the mixing ratio of the carbon salt into the tobacco. see sketches:
Sketch 1 shows calcium carbonate granules that show no decomposition properties before the Langmuir zone due to the size of the particles. Due to the burnup, the Langmuir zone migrates to the carbonate particles, migrate into the Langmuir zone and begin to thermally decompose within this zone and release the process gas CO2 (Figure 2).

The Process gas CO2 forms a gas buffer and dissolves the aromatics from the base area before the Langmuirzone out, the aromatics be dissolved in the gas stream. When decomposing the carbonate salt also arise metal oxides, which catalytically within the combustion zone to become active.

sketch Figure 3 shows the ashing of the carbonate salts to metal oxide.

The simple solution of salts in tobacco reduces the contact catalytic effect of gas and metal ion to the pyrolytic hindrance effect of the formation of polycyclic aromatics.

Of the Carrier for the material with the pyrolytic Disabling effect of the formation of polycyclic aromatics is a inert highly porous material with deposited metal like silver. Exemplary wet-chemical or vapor-deposited, metallic silver as a coating, in particular partial coating on visible silicate particles, in particular swellable phyllosilicate particles in Essentially from a mineral of the smectite group, such as. Bentonite, Montmorillonite, hectorite, saponite, beidellite, sauconite, etc., natural or of synthetic origin or mixtures of these minerals. Ceramic particles such as zeolites, hydroxyapatite, zirconium phosphates and other metal ion-exchanging ceramic materials, in particular the hydroxyapatite particles are also successfully used.

described is applied to an inert highly porous material combustion catalytic metal such as silver. For example, wet-chemical or evaporated, metallic silver as a coating, in particular Partial coating on zeolite. It can also be a silver particle, especially silver nanoparticles with extremely high surface area Act as it did in mesoscopic production Metal networks with large internal surfaces in the "prior art" is described, and based on the reduction of (noble) metals in supramolecular organogel, wherein in-situ formed metallic nanoparticles, for example, on the Adsorb surfaces of gel fibers and can potentially grow together to form closed metal networks.

In this inert highly porous material with applied combustion catalytic metal is located in the pores Metal salt, preferably a metal carbonate.

In In a preferred embodiment, particles of a catalytic metal carbonate salt on the pyrolyzable, especially smokable materials applied.

Pure Metals, mixtures of two or more metals Mixtures of metals and non-metals, metal oxides, metal alloys, mixtures or combinations of any of the foregoing materials and other substances containing at least one metal. suitable catalytic metals include the transition metals, Metals in the main group and their oxides.

Lots Metals are effective in this process but are preferred metals include, for example, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ag, Au, Ni Co and Cu one.

Many transition metal oxides and major groups metal oxides are effective, but close preferred metal oxides, for example, AgO, ZnO and FeO.

zinc oxide and iron oxide are particularly preferred based on their physical Properties, cost and carcinogenicity of the oxide.

One single metal or metal oxide may be preferred or a combination of two or more metals or metal oxides may be preferred. The metal oxides are formed in the porous material by pyrolytic Oxidation.

The Combination can include a mixture of particles each of which has a different metal or metal oxide composition having. Alternatively, the particles themselves may be more as a metal or metal oxide. Suitable particles may be Alloys of two or more different types of metals or mixtures of alloys of metals and non-metals lock in. Suitable particles may also be particles include a metal core with a layer of corresponding metal oxide, which is the surface of the particle make up. The metal particles can also be metal or metal oxide particles on a suitable carrier material include, for example, a porous silica or alumina carrier.

Any suitable source of carbonate may be preferred. Preferred carbonate sources include the carbonate salts of metals selected from Groups Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb and the transition metals of the Periodic Table of the Elements. In preferred embodiments, the carbonate source includes a carbonate salt of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, erbium, scandium, Manganese, iron, rhodium, palladium, copper, zinc, aluminum, gallium, tin, bismuth, hydrates thereof, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the carbonate salt may be a alkali metal carbonate or alkaline earth metal carbonate. Even more preferably, the carbonate source can be selected from the group of calcium, magnesium and zinc nitrate, with magnesium nitrate being the most preferred salt. In a particularly preferred embodiment, Mg (CO2,), - may be preferred as a carbonate source. While carbonate salts are generally preferred, any suitable metal salt or organometallic compounds may be used Bond or any other compound capable of releasing carbon dioxide may be preferred.

Becomes the porous substance with the salt dissolved in it introduced into a pyrolysis zone, the salt decomposes under CO2 gas release and the liberated metal ion may interact with the inert carrier and the metal surface applied to it in the pyrolysis zone become catalytically active.

Silver, also in particular in connection with ionic calcium is catalytic incinerating and obstructing. the formation of aromatics in the Pyrolysis zone, especially in the presence of carbon monoxide Gas like CO2. Subsequently, this substance is called KATALYTSUBSTANZ designated.

The Phyllosilicate decomposes in the pyrolysis zone and releases the CO2 gas directly in this zone free, with the CO2 gas in the electrochemical Activating Langmuizone penetrates and electrochemically interact can. The CO2 gas dissolves the flavors present in the organics, out before the pyrolysis step.

At the Dissolve carbonic acid salts in the organic Material itself, pyrolyzes the organic material and the salt decomposes thermally under CO2 gas release, which of mostly from the outside approach the Langmuirzone and enter into it to interact with her electrochemically to the desired To achieve effects.

there it comes to a combination of together over the overlay effect interacting pyrolysis-influencing processes.

Within a pyrolysis-burning organic base such as tobacco is the Application ideally suited.

The Amount of smokable material with catalytic substance inside the tobacco rod or tobacco strand may vary. Packing densities for tobacco stub Cigarettes are typically between about 150 and about 300 mg / cm 3 and preferably between about 200 and about 280 mg / cm 3, however, higher or lower quantities may be required for certain embodiments may be preferred.

typically, A tipping material surrounds the filter element and an adjacent one Area of the smokable rod or strand, so that the tpping material about 3 mm to about 6 mm along the length of the smokable Stabs extends. Typically, the tpping material is a conventional one Paper tipping material. The tpping material can essentially be impermeable to air, permeable to air or through mechanical or other perforation method so treated that there is a range of perforations, opening or vents whereby a means is provided for air dilution to provide for the cigarette. The total surface the perforations and the positioning of the perforations along the scope of the cigarette are capable of variation to the characteristic To control the performance characteristics of the cigarette.

For example can be used for a filter element with a length of 27 mm the maximum distance between about 23 mm and about 26 mm be from the extreme mouth end of the filter element. In a preferred Aspect is the air dilution device towards on the extreme mouth end of the cigarette relative to the smoke arranged changing filter segment. For example can be used for a filter element with a length of 27 min including a smoke-altering one Filter segments of 12 mm and a mouth-end segment of 15 mm Ring of air dilution perforations either 13 mm or 15 mm away from the extreme mouth end of the filter element be arranged.

Of the Expression "air dilution", is the ratio (generally expressed as a percentage) of volume Air related by the Air Dilution Facility is, to the total volume of air and smoke, by the cigarette is pulled and at the extreme mouth-end section the cigarette comes out. For air diluted or equipped with a ventilation device cigarettes can the Amount of air dilution vary.

Generally is the amount of air dilution for an air diluted Cigarette greater than about 10%, typically greater than about 20% and often larger than about 30%. Typically, with relatively small cigarettes Circumference (for example, about 21 mm or less) of the air dilution be slightly lower than cigarettes with larger ones Scope. The upper limit of the air dilution for a cigarette is typically less than about 85% and more common less than about 75%. Certain relatively high-air-diluted Cigarettes have air dilution levels of about 50 to about 75%, often about 55 to about 70%.

cigarettes certain embodiments may be less than about 0.9, often less than about 0.5 and usually between about 0.05 and about 0.3 FTC "tar" per turn on average when smoked under FTC smoke conditions (FTC smoke conditions include a volume of 35 ml traits of 2 seconds duration, separated from about 58 seconds of glow).

cigarettes with "ultra-low tar content" are those Cigarettes containing less than about 7 mg FTC "tar" per Cigarette. Typically, such cigarettes yield less as about 9 moves, and often about 6 to about 8 moves, when smoked under FTC smoke conditions. While are Cigarettes with "ultra-low tar content" in general preferred, however, come in certain embodiments Cigarettes less than about 0.05 or more than about 0.9 FTC "tar" per turn result.

In certain embodiments, cigarettes are provided a low or negligible amount of nicotine result. Such cigarettes generally give less than about 0.1, often less than about 0.05, often less than about 0.01 and even less than about 0.005 FTC nicotine per turn on average, though they are smoked under FTC smoke conditions. In other embodiments a cigarette may be desired, the higher Provides levels of nicotine. Cigarettes can be about 0.1, 0.2, Deliver 0.3 or more FTC nicotine per turn on average when under Smoke FTC smoke conditions.

cigarettes, a low or negligible amount of nicotine can result in between about 1 mg and about 20 mg and frequently about 2 mg to about 15 mg of FTC "tar" per cigarette yield and can have relatively high ratios of FTC "tar" to FTC Have nicotine, for example between about 20 and about 150. Cigarettes of the preferred embodiments may show a desirably high resistance to train, For example, a pressure drop of between about 50 and about 200 mm water pressure at 17.5 cc / s air flow.

cigarettes preferred embodiments may include the smoke include changing filter segment with catalytic substance. The smoke-changing filter segment can be the content on one or more undesirable components in the smoke reduce and / or increase the tobacco smoke flavor, a richer smoke character, an improved feel in the mouth and to provide increased satisfaction with smoking, as well also an improvement of the perceived characteristic traction properties the cigarette.

In In a preferred embodiment, smoke objects, include the catalytic substance or only the metal carbonates, Also, a catalyst system, the catalytic metal and / or includes porous carbon particles. The catalyst system is incorporated into the smokable material so that it's the concentration at certain unwanted components in the resulting Smoke reduced.

alternative the metal particles can include particles, which include a core of a carrier material, the essentially of a layer of catalytically active metal or metal oxides. In addition to the above configurations The metal particles in any other suitable Form present, with the proviso that the metal particles have the preferred mean particle size.

For example Palladium has a lower transfer value than silver. Also tend Metal oxides to have a relatively low transfer value.

In In another embodiment, a method is carbonized Flavor release of a cigarette provided, wherein the method including the steps of including a cigarette provides a tobacco filling quantity and a connection, the one porous substance with the dissolved in it Bring salt into a pyrolysis zone. Where the salt is under CO2 gas release decomposes and flavors from the pyrolizing carrier material releases and burns the tobacco filling and the heat, which is generated by the combustion of the tobacco filling quantity, the compound is pyrolyzed. What with the liberated metal ion with the inert support and the metal surface applied thereto becomes catalytically active in the pyrolysis zone.

In preferred embodiments are methods and preparations for releasing CO2 into the smoke stream for dissolving flavors a smoke object into the smoke flow into it, for example provided with a cigarette, but below temperatures, in the tobacco rod at a distance of 1 cm or more from the combustion cone can be achieved in a burning cigarette. In addition to decomposing to form CO2, the Compounds as additional decomposition by-products Chemicals that are judged to be no essential Pose a risk to the smoker. The decomposition by-products in connection with the flavors dissolved by the CO2 Nor does it adversely affect the taste of the cigarette.

The preferred embodiments relate to smoking articles such as cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobacco and, in particular, to cigarettes having a reduced content of various polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), phenolic compounds and certain other undesirable components in cigarette smoke, including both mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke, or cigarettes exhibiting a decreased Ge to have TSNAs, nicotine or other unwanted components in the unburned smoke product.

permanent Gases (such as carbon dioxide) account for 80% of the smoke and are generally undisturbed by filtration or Adsorption materials. The concentrations of organic volatile Components, semi-volatile components and non-volatile Components can be reduced by filters of different construction become.

Of the Filter may contain one or more materials of the catalytic substance or of a metal carbonate that are able to at least one unwanted component of tobacco smoke too catalyze, adsorb or adsorb with their to react. The carbon salt releases CO2 in the event of gas smoke contact and decomposes with oxygen to form a metal oxide which is basic with the resulting water and the flue gases further reacted.

Of the Adsorptive effect associated with layered minerals, especially with metal coating and carbon salt content is mainly a physical one Effect. Smoke compounds diffuse in layered mineral filters in the organic volatile or semi-volatile Phases through the carbon particles. They move over the surface and move into it in the pores of the layer minerals, caused by a phenomenon known as "van der Waals forces". Although these forces are generally considered weak, are they in the very short range (one or two molecule diameter) strong enough to attract and retain smoke components.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 10320067 [0004]
• - DE 4124277 [0006]
• - FR 2505868 [0007, 0027]
• EP 0077745 [0007]
• EP 02792448 [0009]
• WO 20031053177 [0009]
• - US 3121433 [0014]
• - US 3180458 [0015]
• US 3292636 [0017]
• US 3572348 [0018]
• US 3703901 [0018]
• - EP 0077 [0027]
• US 5009898 [0037]
• - US 5296238 [0037]
• US 5441717 [0037]
• US 5405644 [0037]

Claims (24)

Process for the liberation of aromatics from organic compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic processes that impede the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic cracked products by the CO2 released in the pyrolysis and at the same time by the CO2 heated by the pyrolysis thermals the aromatics from an organic Solve base material, which are discharged via a gas stream, characterized in that the brought up to the Langmuirzone a pyrolysis over Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung introduced CO2 gas is highly thermally reactivated as a solvent for aromatics. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that the activated by pyrolysis CO2 gas used to release aromas from a base carrier becomes. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that as carbonate gas sources, the carbonate salts of metals that are chosen from Groups Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb and the transition metals of the Periodic Table of the Elements. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that as carbonate gas sources, the carbonate salts of metals. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that as carbonate gas sources, the carbonate salts of metals that are chosen from different granule size distributions, wherein the particle sizes determined to 100 microns are. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that as carbonate gas sources, the carbonate salts of metals that are chosen from different granule size distributions from 10 μm to 80 μm Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that as carbonate gas sources, the carbonate salts of metals, the size distribution mainly from carbonate salt particle sizes from 40 microns to 60 microns is determined. A process for the liberation of aromatics from organic compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic processes which reduces the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic cracking products by those released by the pyrolysis of metal carbonate salt decomposition CO2 hinder and at the same time solve by means of heated by the thermal pyrolysis of the CO2 aromatics from an organic base material, which are discharged via a gas stream, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that include as carbonate sources of carbonate carbonate salts of metals , Wherein particle sizes of porous carrier material having dissolved in this salt also have different particle sizes, but preferably have a particle size of 40 microns to 60 microns. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that the carbonate source is a carbonate salt one of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesuim, magnesium, Calcium, strontium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium, Gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, erbium, scandium, manganese, iron, Rhodium, palladium, copper, zinc, aluminum, gallium, tin bismuth, Hydrates thereof, or mixtures thereof. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream according to any of the preceding or following claims characterized in that the carbonate salt is an alkali metal carbonate or alkaline earth metal carbonate. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream according to any of the preceding or following claims characterized in that the carbonate source is selected from the group of calcium, magnesium and zinc, with magnesium carbonate being the most preferred salt. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream according to any of the preceding or following claims characterized in that Mg (CO2,), - active as a carbonate source is. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that any suitable metal-salt-carbon compound or any suitable carbonate organometallic compound can be used. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that the liberated in the pyrolysis CO2 as a gas buffer for aromatics for the purpose of fluidic Separation for the electrochemically active Langmuirzohne is used. A process for the liberation of aromatics from organic compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic processes that impede the formation of aromatic aromatics from the pyrolytic cracked products by CO2 released in the pyrolysis of metal carbonate salt decomposition and at the same time by the CO2 heated by the thermal pyrolysis Solve mate of an organic base material, which are removed via a gas stream, according to one of the preceding or following claims, characterized in that the metal carbonate salts are introduced in a porous carrier material. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that the porous carrier material represents a layer mineral. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that the porous carrier material a layered mineral such as zeolite, an aluminum silicate, with a represents three-dimensional basic structure. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that the porous carrier material a ceramic particle such as zeolites, hydroxyapatite, zirconium phosphates and other metal-ion-exchanged ceramic materials. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that the porous carrier material a porous carbon such as graphite, lustrous carbon, or coal with metallic coating. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that the CO2 gas is a barrier discharge is exposed to plasmatize it. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that a charring of tobacco in use comes, whereby the aromatic components of the tobacco by presence of CO2 in front of the pyrolytic zone and during the polluting pyrolytic Process by the pollutant pyrolytically reactivated CO2 gas extracted from the tobacco, and with a vacuum gas stream is taken. Process for the liberation of aromatics from organic compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic processes that impede the formation of aromatic aromatics from the pyrolytic cracked products by CO2 released in the pyrolysis of metal carbonate salt decomposition and at the same time by means of CO2 heated by the thermal pyrolysis dissolve an organic base material, which are discharged via a gas stream, according to one of the preceding or subsequent claims, characterized in that the amount of smokable material such as tobacco varies within the tobacco rod or tobacco rod, and packing densities for tobacco rods of cigarettes typi typically between about 150 and about 300 mg / cm3, and preferably between about 200 and about 280 mg / cm3, but higher or lower levels may be preferred for certain embodiments. Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that a flue gas filter of this system or more material (s) of a catalytic substance and / or a Includes metal carbonates, which is able to to catalyze at least one gas component of tobacco smoke or catalytically bind, adsorb or react with them Process for the release of aromatics from organic Compounds by means of a chemically exothermic process and pyrolytic Processes involving the formation of aromatics from the pyrolytic Chrackprodukten by in the pyrolysis of Metallcarbonatsalzzersetzung obstruct released CO2 and at the same time by means of Thermal pyrolysis heated CO2 the aromatics from an organic Solve base material which is removed via a gas stream be, according to one of the preceding or following claims characterized in that the adsorptive effect of a flue gas filter in this system, with layered minerals, in particular with metal coating and carbon salt content.