DE4411895A1 - Fungal control on plants, materials or seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

Control of fungi on plants, materials or seeds comprises treatment with Rheum rhabarbarum or Solidago canadensis or parts or extracts of these plants.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for combating of fungi on plants, materials and / or seeds. Of the invention further relates to the use of rheumatism rhubarb or Solidago canadensis and / or parts or Extracts of these plants to control fungi on plants, Materials and / or seeds and for the production of agents ge gen fungi on plants, materials and / or seeds.

The invention also relates to a method for producing Anti-fungal agents on plants, materials and / or seeds.

From JP-A 04 / 4059-711 it is known that extracts of various Plants in combination with inositol hexaphosphoric acid and / or Choline, especially with choline chloride, or with urea, Phosphoric acid and seaweed accelerate plant growth Act. Rheum is also listed among the plants called rhubarb barum.

A. Kumar and S.C. Tripathi describe in Plant and Soil 132 (2), 297-301 (1991) that the plant sap from Solidago canadensis the soil-borne mushrooms Pythium debaryanum, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia rolfsii are pathogenic.

So far, mushrooms in agriculture are usually used with che fought mixes. Especially in vegetable crops with tepid fender harvesting is the waiting time after application of the funds undesirable.

The object of the present invention was to occur in nature Finding plants with fungicidally active ingredients after their application, the plants are harvested again earlier can be included as after the application of known chemical agents.

Accordingly, a method for controlling fungi on plants has been developed zen, materials and / or seeds found, which ge is characterized by having a fungicidally effective amount of rheumatism rhubarb or Solidago canadensis and / or parts or extracts ten of these plants on fungi on plants, materials and / or Seeds can take effect.  

Furthermore, the use of Rheum rhabarbarum or Solidago canadensis and / or parts or extracts of this plant zen to combat fungi on plants, materials and / or Seeds found and used in the manufacture of anti-fungal agents Plants, materials and / or seeds found.

In addition, a method of manufacturing agents against Fungi found on plants, materials and / or seeds.

Solidago canadensis and / or parts or ex is particularly effective tract this plant.

Under the plant is both the whole plant as well To understand plant parts such as stems, leaves and their mixture hen. Preferably the dead plant, especially the ge dried plant used. The Ver. Is particularly advantageous application of the dried plant in finely divided form, e.g. B. as Granules, powder or powder. That is very particularly preferred Use of the dried leaves in finely divided form.

Applicable preparations of Rheum rhabarbarum and Solidago canadensis can be made in different ways be, e.g. B. by gentle drying of the leaves or ge whole sprouts in the air, if desired under heat Effect up to about 50 ° C, and subsequent comminution. From the Parts of plants can be prepared with aqueous extracts. By Ex traction with organic solvents and subsequent part point or complete removal of the solvent, e.g. B. by evaporation, a concentrate or a residue is obtained.

Alko has so far mainly been used as an organic solvent hole, especially ethanol, has proven to be particularly suitable.

Concentrate and residue can be diluted with water, if desired, after adding an emulsifier, a spray mixture getting produced.

Assuming a backlog, it can improve the Solubility may be beneficial before or with the addition of water water-miscible cosolvent, for example acetone ben.

Nonionic and anio are particularly suitable as emulsifiers African emulsifiers such as ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated Fatty alcohols, alkyl sulfonates and alkyl aryl sulfonates.

Manufacturing examples example 1

Preparation of an aqueous spray mixture from parts of plants:
The entire plant Rheum rhabarbarum or Solidago canadensis was dried, crushed and finally pulverized. Thereafter, 80 parts by weight of this plant powder were mixed with 10 parts by weight of the sodium salt of a lignin sulfonic acid from a sulfite waste liquor, 3 parts by weight of the sodium salt of diisobutyl-naphthalene-alpha-sulfonic acid and 7 parts by weight of a powdered silica gel. After grinding the mixture obtained, e.g. B. in a hammer mill, and subsequent fine distribution in water, a spray mixture was obtained.

Example 2

Preparation of a spray broth from plant extract:
100 g of fresh leaves were roughly chopped and then extracted with 750 ml of ethanol in an extraction apparatus for 4 hours. The crude extract obtained was evaporated to dryness. After adding a small amount of acetone, an emulsifier based on ethoxylated alkylphenols and then diluting with water, a spray mixture was obtained.

Example 3

Cold water extract from plant powder:
The entire plant Rheum rhabarbarum or Solidago canadensis was dried, crushed and finally pulverized. 10 g of this plant powder were added to 1000 cm 3 of water and stirred several times in the course of 24 hours. The undissolved constituents were then separated off (for example by filtration). The cold water extract obtained in this way can be used as a spray liquor without further dilution.

The plants Rheum rhabarbarum and Solidago canadensis as well Parts and extracts of these plants show a well fungicidal we on mushrooms that cause damage in agriculture.

The use of Rheum rhabarbarum is particularly interesting, Solidago canadensis and parts and extracts of these plants to combat a variety of fungi in different cultures plants or their seeds, especially on wheat, rye, ger oats, rice, corn, grass, cotton, soy, coffee, sugar  Pipe, fruit and ornamental plants in horticulture, viticulture and vegetables like cucumbers, beans and squash.

Rheum rhabarbarum and Solidago canadensis as well as parts and ex tracts of these plants are particularly suitable for combating following plant diseases:

Erysiphe graminis (powdery mildew) in cereals,
Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea on pumpkin,
Podosphaera leucotricha on apples,
Unicinula necator on vines,
Puccinia species on cereals,
Rhizoctonia species on cotton and lawn,
Ustilago species on cereals and sugar cane,
Venturia inaequalis (scab) on apples,
Heminthosporium species on cereals,
Septoria nodorum on wheat,
Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) on strawberries, vines,
Cercospora arachidicola on peanuts,
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides on wheat, barley,
Pyricularia oryzae on rice,
Phytophthora infestans on potatoes and tomatoes,
Fusarium and Verticillium species on different plants,
Plasmopara viticola on vines,
Alternaria species in vegetables and fruits.

The good plant tolerance of the rheumatism in the plants rhabarbarum and Solidago canadensis contain active substances in the necessary to combat plant diseases trations allows treatment of above-ground plants share.

The plant can be converted into the usual formulations such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, suspensions, Powders, dusts, foams, pastes, soluble powders, granules latex, aerosols, suspension concentrates, emulsion concentrates, Seed powder, active ingredient-impregnated natural and synthetic Substances, very fine encapsulations in polymeric substances and in envelopes masses for seeds, also in ULV cold and warm mist formulations stanchions.

These formulations are prepared in a known manner, e.g. B. by mixing the plant with extenders, i.e. liquid Solvents, pressurized liquefied gases and / or solid carriers, optionally using surface-active agents, ie emulsifiers and / or  Dispersing agents and / or foaming agents. In the event of the use of water as an extender can, for. B. also orga African solvents can be used as auxiliary solvents.

The following are essentially suitable as liquid solvents:
Aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chlorethylenes and methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane and paraffins, e.g. B. petroleum fractions, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone, strong polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, or water.

With liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are meant such liquids which are at normal temperature and are gaseous under normal pressure, e.g. B. aerosol propellants such as Halogenated hydrocarbons as well as butane, propane, nitrogen and Carbon dioxide.

As solid carriers come into consideration: B. natural Rock flours such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, Atta pulgite, montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth or synthetic Rock powders such as finely divided silica, aluminum oxide and Si likate.

As solid carriers for granules come into consideration: z. B. broken and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, mar mor, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite and synthetic granules organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stems; as emulsifying and / or foam-generating agents come into question: z. B. non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether, e.g. B. alkylaryl polyglycol ether, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfonates and protein hydrolyzates; as a disperser middle come into question: z. B. lignin sulfite and methyl cellulose.

If desired, the formulations can also contain adhesives such as Carboxymethyl cellulose or natural and synthetic pulve Rige, granular or latex-shaped polymers such as gum arabic, poly contain vinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate.

The addition of dyes, e.g. B. inorganic pigments such as Iron oxide, titanium oxide and ferrocyan blue or organic color substances such as alizarin, azo, metal phthalocyanine dyes, so  as from trace nutrients, e.g. B. of salts of iron, manganese, Bors, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc are possible.

The formulations generally contain between 0.1 and 95 % By weight of the plants and / or dissolved active compounds of the plants, preferably between 0.5 and 90% by weight.

The plants, parts and extracts can be used in the formulations or in the various forms of use in a mixture with others Ren known active ingredients are present, for. B. with bactericides, In secticides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, protective substances against bird feed, growth substances, plant nutrients, soil structure tur improvers or fungicides such as sulfur (network sulfur), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), lecithin.

The plants and parts or those from them by extraction active ingredients obtained can be used as such or before their Use only in suitable formulations, e.g. B. in usage solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes or gra nulates are transferred. The application itself happens in practice Licher way through z. B. pouring, diving, spraying, spraying, ver misting, vaporizing, injecting, capping, spreading, jamming practice or scatter.

When treating parts of plants, the concentration of Plants, parts of plants and / or the dissolved active ingredients of Plants in the preparations varied over a wide range become. They are generally between 10 and 0.1% by weight, preferably between 5 and 1% by weight.

The amount of rheum required per hectare to be treated rhabarbarum or Solidago canadensis largely depends on the ge wanted effect. The using different parts of the Ready-to-use preparations obtained from plants show a comparable good fungicidal activity. Generally required about 1 to 50 kg of the dried plant material per ha Surface.

Examples of use Example 4 Efficacy against Plasmopara viticola

Leaves of pot vines of the "Müller Thurgau" variety were washed with aq sprayed broths, each 5 wt .-% of a ethanolic extract of the plant Rheum rhabarbarum or soli dago canadensis contained. The next day, they were infected  Leaves with a zoo spore suspension of Plasmopara viticola (Vine peronospora). After that, the vines were initially for 48 hours the in a steam-saturated chamber at 24 ° C and then eats for 5 days in a greenhouse with temperatures between 10 and set up at 30 ° C. After this time, the plants were placed to accelerate the sporangia carrier outbreak again for 16 Hours in the humid chamber. Then the assessment was made the extent of the fungal outbreak on the undersides of the leaves.

Plants that have been treated with the preparation that an Ex tract from Rheum rhabarbarum contained, showed fungal infestation at 15% of the entire leaf area.

Plants that have been treated with the preparation that an Ex tract from Solidago canadensis contained, showed only fungal attack 1% of the total leaf area.

In the case of untreated control plants, however, 85-90% of the ge the entire leaf surface affected by vine peronospora.

Example 5 Efficacy against Phytophthora infestans (late blight)

Leaves of potted tomato plants of the variety "Large meat tomato" was sprayed with watery spray liquors, each 5% by weight of an ethanolic extract of the plant Rheum rhabarbarum or Solidago canadensis contained. 6 days after the application, the leaves were then infected with a Zoo spore suspension of Phytophthora infestans. Then was the test plants in the greenhouse at temperatures between 17 and 20 ° C and 95% to 98% relative humidity poses. 7 days later, the total infection of the plant was determined in %.

On plants that have been treated with the preparation, the one Contained extract from Rheum rhabarbarum, none at all Fungal infestation can be detected.

Plants that have been treated with the preparation that an Ex tract from Solidago canadensis contained, showed fungal infestation on le only 3% of the total leaf area.

In untreated control plants, late blight covered against 70% of the total leaf area.  

Example 6 Efficacy against Erysiphe cichoracearum on cucumbers

Young cucumber plants of the "Chinese snake" variety were grown in Two-leaf stage with an aqueous preparation containing 5% by weight an ethanolic extract of the plant Rheum rhabarbarum ent stopped, sprayed to dripping wet and in the greenhouse set up to dry. The next day, these plants were with an aqueous conidia suspension of cucumber mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea) inoculated and in Ge greenhouse at temperatures between 20 and 24 ° C and 60-80% re cultivated latative humidity. 14 days after the active ingredient application, the extent of the fungal attack was determined.

The plants treated with the aqueous preparation were 7% of the total leaf area is infected by the fungus. The untreated Control plants, however, indicated 60% of the total leaf area Fungal attack.

Example 7 Efficacy against botrytis cinerea on peppers

Pepper seedlings of the "Neusiedler Ideal Elite" variety with 4-5 good Developed leaves were washed with an aqueous spray mixture that 5% by weight of an ethanolic extract of the Solidago cana plant densis contained, sprayed soaking wet. After drying the The plants are sprayed with conidia of the fungus Botrytis cinerea and sprayed at 22-24 ° C in a Chamber placed with high humidity. After 5 days the disease on the untreated control plants so severe developed that the resulting leaf necrosis predominantly Part of the leaves covered.

In the case of the plants treated with the aqueous preparation, pointed out 15% of the total leaf area on fungal attack. The leaves of untreated control plants, however, were almost complete (95%) infected by the fungus.

Claims (7)

1. A method for combating fungi on plants, materials and / or seeds, characterized in that a fungi cidally effective amount of Rheum rhabarbarum or Solidago cana densis and / or parts or extracts of these plants on fungi on plants, materials and / or Seeds can take effect. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one Rheum rhabarbarum or Solidago canadensis and / or parts of these plants used in dried form. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one the dried leaves of Rheum rhabarbarum or Solidago canadensis used in finely divided form. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that obtained with organic solvents and / or water Extracts from Rheum rhabarbarum or Solidago canadensis and / or used from parts of these plants. 5. Use of Rheum rhabarbarum or Solidago canadensis and / or parts or extracts of these plants for combating of fungi on plants, materials and / or seeds. 6. Process for the preparation of anti-fungal agents Plants, materials and / or seeds, characterized net that Rheum rhabarbarum or Solidago canadensis and / or parts or extracts of these plants with inert carriers mixes fabrics. 7. Use of Rheum rhabarbarum or Solidago canadensis and / or parts or extracts of these plants provision of anti-fungal agents on plants, materials and / or seeds.