EP0229434B1 - Process for the improvement of the conditioning of gasification agents utilized in an underground coal-gasification process - Google Patents

Process for the improvement of the conditioning of gasification agents utilized in an underground coal-gasification process Download PDF

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EP0229434B1
EP0229434B1 EP19860202396 EP86202396A EP0229434B1 EP 0229434 B1 EP0229434 B1 EP 0229434B1 EP 19860202396 EP19860202396 EP 19860202396 EP 86202396 A EP86202396 A EP 86202396A EP 0229434 B1 EP0229434 B1 EP 0229434B1
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gasification
water
injection
foam
coal
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0229434A1 (en
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Pierre Ledent
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
    • E21B33/138Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/14Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using liquids and gases, e.g. foams
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/243Combustion in situ

Definitions

  • the choice and packaging of the gasifying agent is an important element in the industrial development of underground gasification processes for coal.
  • the oxygen + water vapor mixture was successfully used in the U.S.A. in the first underground gasification trials carried out on a pilot scale, in coal deposits located at shallow depths.
  • the use of water vapor, in mixture with an oxygen-containing gas has many drawbacks for the industrial development of underground gasification of coal in large deposits located at medium or great depth.
  • gasifying agent preheated to a temperature of the order of 200 ° C to 250 ° C also has the effect of causing the auto-ignition of the coal as soon as the gasifying agent comes into contact with it. , which excludes any possibility of developing an underground gasification process in which the gasification front would move against the flow direction of the gasifying agent.
  • Patent AU-A-64329/80 proposes to use, as gasifying agent, air or oxygen at ambient temperature and to inject liquid water, continuously or intermittently, into the wells of injection of the gasifying agent to minimize the auto-ignition reactions of the carbon and control the position of the gasification zone.
  • the process which is the subject of the present invention uses the same technique for the conditioning of the gasifying agents used in the underground gasification processes of coal and which consist of a gas containing oxygen, with water at 1 liquid state and a low dose of foaming agent.
  • the production of foam is carried out at the bottom of the injection wells equipped with two concentric casings, the external casing, used for injecting the oxidizing gas, being completed. by one or more mesh filter screens of approximately one to two millimeters in diameter, and the inner tubing, used for injecting the mixture of water and foaming agent, being terminated by one or more sprayers or by a device perforated sheet ensuring the dispersion of water into fine droplets.
  • the foaming agent can be a proteinaceous substance, of the type which are used in the fight against fires and which are constituted by hydrolysed proteins obtained from natural substances such as: horns, hoofs of cattle, feathers, fish hair, scales ... It can also be a synthetic chemical, such as triethanolamine laurysulfate, sodium laury ether sulfate or any other surfactant, foam stabilizer, which helps maintain the homogeneity of the two-phase mixture for the duration of the underground journey of the gasifying agent and, in particular, one of the surfactant products cited in patent FR-A 1 192 395 and which are used by the petroleum industry for carrying out drilling at the foam.
  • a synthetic chemical such as triethanolamine laurysulfate, sodium laury ether sulfate or any other surfactant, foam stabilizer, which helps maintain the homogeneity of the two-phase mixture for the duration of the underground journey of the gasifying agent and, in particular, one of the surfactant products cited
  • each injection well is equipped with two concentric tubes: the external casing 1, used for the injection of the oxidizing gas, ends at a short distance from the vein to be gasified by one or more filter screens 2 with meshes of one to two millimeters in diameter.
  • a gasifying agent in the form of foam prepared from water added with a foaming agent and from a gas containing oxygen can be adapted to all underground coal gasification processes. .
  • FIG. 2 shows, in a section passing through a vertical plane, an underground gasification process by filtration without prior connection, at the level of the vein, in which the well 12 is used for the injection of a gasifying agent, under high pressure , and the well 13 for the recovery of the gas produced.
  • the gasification begins by igniting the coal at the bottom of the well 13 and it progresses against the flow direction of the gasifying agent.
  • the preconditioning of the gasifying agent in the form of foam ensures a uniform distribution of the water and the oxidizing gas, in the layer of carbon, and maintains on the surface of the carbon a film of water which inhibits the oxidation reactions. , which makes it possible to use a gasifying agent with a high oxygen content, without causing the auto-ignition of the coal in the vicinity of the injection well.
  • Figure 3 shows, in a section passing through a vertical plane, a gasification process in which the gasifying agent with high oxygen content is injected into a very long borehole 14, drilled in the thickness of the vein and coated with steel casing, the gas produced being evacuated by the well 15.
  • the gasification begins with the ignition of the coal, at a point located a short distance from the well 15.
  • the gasification operation involves alternating periods during which the point of injection of the gasifying agent remains fixed and periods during which the point of injection is retracted, by controlled combustion of the casing.
  • the preconditioning of the gasifying agent in the form of foam prevents back-combustion of the casing.
  • the retraction operations of the injection point of the gasifying agent are controlled by temporary interruptions of the water supply to the foam generator, going hand in hand with an adjustment of the gas flow rate to a value which allows the backburning of the casing. .
  • Figure 4 shows a section passing through the thickness of the layer an underground gasification process in which the gasification operation takes place between an injection borehole 16 and a recovery borehole 17, along a channel 18 , open in the thickness of the layer, and which is limited on one side by the coal being gasified and on the other side by rock scree from the caving of the roof, in the zone 19 already gasified.
  • the gasifying agent injected in the form of foam ensures the filling of the cracks and cavities which remain between the rocky scree of the blasted zone, which has the effect of channeling the flow of gases along the coal gasification front, in the area where the rise in temperature evaporates the bubbles that make up the foam.

Description

Le choix et le conditionnement de l'agent gazéifiant constituent un élément important du développement industriel des procédés de gazéification souterraine du charbon.The choice and packaging of the gasifying agent is an important element in the industrial development of underground gasification processes for coal.

Le mélange oxygène + vapeur d'eau a été utilisé avec succès aux U.S.A. lors des premiers essais de gazéification souterraine réalisés à l'échelle pilote, dans des gisements de houille situés à faible profondeur. Cependant, l'utilisation de vapeur d'eau, en mélange avec un gaz contenant de l'oxygène, présente de nombreux inconvénients pour le développement industriel de la gazéification souterraine du charbon dans des gisements de grande étendue situés à moyenne ou à grande profondeur.The oxygen + water vapor mixture was successfully used in the U.S.A. in the first underground gasification trials carried out on a pilot scale, in coal deposits located at shallow depths. However, the use of water vapor, in mixture with an oxygen-containing gas, has many drawbacks for the industrial development of underground gasification of coal in large deposits located at medium or great depth.

Contrairement à ce qui se passe dans les installations de gazéification du charbon extrait, la vapeur ne peut pas être produite par récupération des pertes de chaleur des gazogènes. Il en résulte que la production de vapeur ne contribue pas à l'amélioration du bilan énergétique du procédé mais qu'elle entraîne une augmentation du prix de revient du gaz, par les investissements en générateurs de vapeur et par la consommation de combustible qu'elle nécessite.Contrary to what happens in gasification plants for extracted coal, steam cannot be produced by recovering heat losses from gas generators. It follows that the production of steam does not contribute to the improvement of the energy balance of the process but that it leads to an increase in the cost price of the gas, by the investments in steam generators and by the consumption of fuel which it need.

Par ailleurs, le développement de la gazéification souterraine dans les gisements profonds implique un allongement des circuits de distribution des agents gazéifiants et une augmentation de la pression de gazéification. Dans ces conditions, la nécessité de maintenir la température de l'agent gazéifiant au-dessus du point d'ébullition de l'eau entraîne une forte augmentation du coût des conduites de distribution et des puits d'injection, dont le diamètre doit être augmenté et pour lesquels il faut prévoir des compensateurs de dilatation et des revêtements isolants de forte épaisseur.In addition, the development of underground gasification in deep deposits involves an extension of the distribution circuits for gasifying agents and an increase in gasification pressure. Under these conditions, the need to maintain the temperature of the gasifying agent above the boiling point of water leads to a sharp increase in the cost of distribution pipes and injection wells, the diameter of which must be increased. and for which it is necessary to provide expansion compensators and thick insulating coatings.

L'utilisation d'un agent gazéifiant préchauffé jusqu'à une température de l'ordre de 200° C à 250° C a également pour effet de provoquer l'auto-inflammation du charbon dès que l'agent gazéifiant entre en contact avec lui, ce qui exclut toute possibilité de développement d'un procédé de gazéification souterraine dans lequel le front de gazéification se déplacerait à contre courant du sens d'écoulement de l'agent gazéifiant.The use of a gasifying agent preheated to a temperature of the order of 200 ° C to 250 ° C also has the effect of causing the auto-ignition of the coal as soon as the gasifying agent comes into contact with it. , which excludes any possibility of developing an underground gasification process in which the gasification front would move against the flow direction of the gasifying agent.

Le brevet AU-A-64329/80 propose d'utiliser, comme agent gazéifiant, de l'air ou de l'oxygène à température ambiante et d'injecter de l'eau liquide, de façon continue ou intermittente,dans les puits d'injection de l'agent gazéifiant pour minimiser les réactions d'auto-inflammation du charbon et contrôler la position de la zone de gazéification.Patent AU-A-64329/80 proposes to use, as gasifying agent, air or oxygen at ambient temperature and to inject liquid water, continuously or intermittently, into the wells of injection of the gasifying agent to minimize the auto-ignition reactions of the carbon and control the position of the gasification zone.

Cette façon de procéder évite les difficultés résultant de l'utilisation de la vapeur d'eau mais elle entraîne d'autres difficultés. En effet, l'eau et le gaz constituent deux phases de densités très différentes et, si la couche à gazéifier présente d'importantes différences de niveau en raison de son épaisseur ou de son pendage, les deux constituants de l'agent gazéifiant peuvent se séparer par gravité, avant que l'eau ait eu le temps de s'évaporer, cette séparation ayant pour conséquence l'arrêt des réactions dans la partie basse de la couche et la surchauffé des parties hautes.This procedure avoids the difficulties resulting from the use of water vapor but it causes other difficulties. In fact, water and gas constitute two phases of very different densities and, if the layer to be gasified has significant differences in level due to its thickness or its dip, the two constituents of the gasifying agent can be separate by gravity, before the water has had time to evaporate, this separation resulting in the cessation of reactions in the lower part of the layer and the overheating of the upper parts.

Le même problème se pose dans l'application de la technique de récupération thermique des hydrocarbures par la méthode de combustion humide. Dans cette méthode, on procède à l'injection simultanée d'eau liquide et d'un gaz oxydant, pour réaliser in si- tu une production de vapeur en utilisant la chaleur dégagée par la combustion des résidus d'hydrocarbures. Les brevets US-A 3 448 807, US-A 3 905 553 et US-A 4 072 191 montrent que la ségrégation entre l'eau et le gaz oxydant, injectés dans le gisement, peut être évitée, si une faible dose d'un agent tensio-actif est mélangé à l'eau et au gaz oxydant, afin que ce mélange puisse se propager à travers le gisement sous forme de mousse.The same problem arises in the application of the thermal oil recovery technique by the wet combustion method. In this method, simultaneous injection of liquid water and an oxidizing gas is carried out, in order to produce steam production using the heat released by the combustion of hydrocarbon residues. Patents US-A 3,448,807, US-A 3,905,553 and US-A 4,072,191 show that segregation between water and the oxidizing gas, injected into the deposit, can be avoided, if a low dose of a surfactant is mixed with the water and the oxidizing gas, so that this mixture can propagate through the deposit in the form of foam.

Le procédé qui fait l'objet de la présente invention utilise la même technique pour le conditionnement des agents gazéifiants utilisés dans les procédés de gazéification souterraine du charbon et qui sont constitués par un gaz contenant de l'oxygène, par de l'eau à l'état liquide et par une faible dose d'agent moussant.The process which is the subject of the present invention uses the same technique for the conditioning of the gasifying agents used in the underground gasification processes of coal and which consist of a gas containing oxygen, with water at 1 liquid state and a low dose of foaming agent.

Pour améliorer l'efficacité du procédé et réduire la consommation d'agent moussant, la production de mousse est réalisée au fond des puits d'injection équipés de deux tubages concentriques, le tubage extérieur, utilisé pour l'injection du gaz oxydant, étant terminé par un ou plusieurs tamis filtrants à mailles environ de un à deux millimètres de diamètre, et le tubage intérieur, utilisé pour l'injection du mélange d'eau et d'agent moussant, étant terminé par un ou plusieurs pulvérisateurs ou par un dispositif en tôle perforée assurant la dispersion de l'eau en fines gouttelettes.To improve the efficiency of the process and reduce the consumption of foaming agent, the production of foam is carried out at the bottom of the injection wells equipped with two concentric casings, the external casing, used for injecting the oxidizing gas, being completed. by one or more mesh filter screens of approximately one to two millimeters in diameter, and the inner tubing, used for injecting the mixture of water and foaming agent, being terminated by one or more sprayers or by a device perforated sheet ensuring the dispersion of water into fine droplets.

L'agent moussant peut être une substance protéi- nique, du genre de celles qui sont utilisées dans la lutte contre les incendies et qui sont constituées par des protéines hydrolysées obtenues à partir de substances naturelles telles que: cornes, sabots de bovins, plumes, poils, écailles de poissons... Il peut également être un produit chimique de synthèse, tel que le laurysulfate de triéthanolamine, le laury- ether sulfate de sodium ou tout autre produit tensioactif, stabilisateur de mousse, qui permette de maintenir l'homogénéité du mélange diphasique pendant la durée du parcours souterrain de l'agent gazéifiant et, en particulier, l'un des produits tensioactifs cités dans le brevet FR-A 1 192 395 et qui sont utilisés par l'industrie pétrolière pour la réalisation de forages à la mousse.The foaming agent can be a proteinaceous substance, of the type which are used in the fight against fires and which are constituted by hydrolysed proteins obtained from natural substances such as: horns, hoofs of cattle, feathers, fish hair, scales ... It can also be a synthetic chemical, such as triethanolamine laurysulfate, sodium laury ether sulfate or any other surfactant, foam stabilizer, which helps maintain the homogeneity of the two-phase mixture for the duration of the underground journey of the gasifying agent and, in particular, one of the surfactant products cited in patent FR-A 1 192 395 and which are used by the petroleum industry for carrying out drilling at the foam.

L'invention est décrite maintenant sur la base des dessins annexés, à titre d'exemples uniquement, montrant en:

  • Figure 1 l'application du procédé suivant l'invention, la production de mousse étant réalisée au fond des puits d'injection des agents gazéifiants;
  • Figure 2 à 4 l'application du procédé suivant l'invention respectivement à trois procédés de gazéification, pour lesquels le conditionnement de l'agent gazéifiant sous forme de mousse présente un intérêt particulier.
The invention is now described on the basis of the appended drawings, by way of examples only, showing in:
  • Figure 1 the application of the method according to the invention, the production of foam being carried out at the bottom of the injection wells of the gasifying agents;
  • Figure 2 to 4 the application of the process according to the invention respectively to three gasification processes, for which the packaging of the gasifying agent in the form of foam is of particular interest.

Le procédé conforme à l'invention est décrit en se référant à la figure 1. Chaque puits d'injection est équipé de deux tubes concentriques: le tubage extérieur 1, utilisé pour l'injection du gaz oxydant, se termine à faible distance de la veine à gazéifier par un ou plusieurs tamis filtrants 2 à mailles de un à deux millimètres de diamètre. Le tubage intérieur 3, utilisé pour l'injection de mélange d'eau et d'agent moussant, se termine à quelques décimètres en amont des tamis filtrants 2, par un ou plusieurs pulvérisateurs tels que 4 ou par un dispositif en tôle perforée, qui assure la dispersion de l'eau en fines gouttelettes.The process according to the invention is described in referring to FIG. 1. Each injection well is equipped with two concentric tubes: the external casing 1, used for the injection of the oxidizing gas, ends at a short distance from the vein to be gasified by one or more filter screens 2 with meshes of one to two millimeters in diameter. The inner casing 3, used for injecting a mixture of water and foaming agent, ends a few decimeters upstream of the filter screens 2, by one or more sprayers such as 4 or by a perforated sheet device, which ensures the dispersion of water into fine droplets.

L'utilisation d'un agent gazéifiant sous forme de mousse préparé à partir d'eau additionnée d'un agent moussant et à partir d'un gaz contenant de l'oxygène, peut s'adapter à tous les procédés de gazéification souterraine du charbon.The use of a gasifying agent in the form of foam prepared from water added with a foaming agent and from a gas containing oxygen, can be adapted to all underground coal gasification processes. .

La figure 2 montre, suivant une coupe passant par un plan vertical un procédé de gazéification souterraine par filtration sans liaison préalable, au niveau de la veine, dans lequel le puits 12 est utilisé pour l'injection d'un agent gazéifiant, sous haute pression, et le puits 13 pour la récupération du gaz produit. La gazéification débute par la mise à feu du charbon au fond du puits 13 et elle progresse à contre courant du sens d'écoulement de l'agent gazéifiant. Le conditionnement préalable de l'agent gazéifiant sous forme de mousse assure une répartition uniforme de l'eau et du gaz oxydant, dans la couche de charbon, et maintient à la surface du charbon un film d'eau qui inhibe les réactions d'oxydation, ce qui permet d'utiliser un agent gazéifiant à haute teneur en oxygène, sans provoquer l'auto-inflammation du charbon au voisinage du puits d'injection.FIG. 2 shows, in a section passing through a vertical plane, an underground gasification process by filtration without prior connection, at the level of the vein, in which the well 12 is used for the injection of a gasifying agent, under high pressure , and the well 13 for the recovery of the gas produced. The gasification begins by igniting the coal at the bottom of the well 13 and it progresses against the flow direction of the gasifying agent. The preconditioning of the gasifying agent in the form of foam ensures a uniform distribution of the water and the oxidizing gas, in the layer of carbon, and maintains on the surface of the carbon a film of water which inhibits the oxidation reactions. , which makes it possible to use a gasifying agent with a high oxygen content, without causing the auto-ignition of the coal in the vicinity of the injection well.

La figure 3 montre, suivant une coupe passant par un plan vertical, un procédé de gazéification dans lequel l'agent gazéifiant à haute teneur en oxygène est injecté dans un sondage de grande longueur 14, foré dans l'épaisseur de la veine et revêtu d'un tubage en acier, le gaz produit étant évacué par le puits 15. La gazéification début par la mise à feu du charbon, en un point situé à une petite distance du puits 15. L'opération de gazéification comporte une alternance de périodes durant lesquelles le point d'injection de l'agent gazéifiant reste fixe et de périodes durant lesquelles le point d'injection est rétracté, par combustion contrôlée du tubage. Le conditionnement préalable de l'agent gazéifiant sous forme de mousse empêche la rétrocombustion du tubage. Les opérations de rétraction du point d'injection de l'agent gazéifiant sont contrôlées par des interruptions temporaires de l'alimentation en eau du générateur de mousse, allant de pair avec un ajustement du débit de gaz à une valeur qui permette la rétrocombustion du tubage.Figure 3 shows, in a section passing through a vertical plane, a gasification process in which the gasifying agent with high oxygen content is injected into a very long borehole 14, drilled in the thickness of the vein and coated with steel casing, the gas produced being evacuated by the well 15. The gasification begins with the ignition of the coal, at a point located a short distance from the well 15. The gasification operation involves alternating periods during which the point of injection of the gasifying agent remains fixed and periods during which the point of injection is retracted, by controlled combustion of the casing. The preconditioning of the gasifying agent in the form of foam prevents back-combustion of the casing. The retraction operations of the injection point of the gasifying agent are controlled by temporary interruptions of the water supply to the foam generator, going hand in hand with an adjustment of the gas flow rate to a value which allows the backburning of the casing. .

La figure 4 montre suivant une coupe passant dans l'épaisseur de la couche un procédé de gazéification souterraine dans lequel l'opération de gazéification se déroule entre un sondage d'injection 16 et un sondage de récupération 17, le long d'un chenal 18, ouvert dans l'épaisseur de la couche, et qui est limité d'un côté par le charbon en cours de gazéification et de l'autre côté par des éboulis de roche provenant du foudroyage du toit, dans la zone 19 déjà gazéifiée. L'agent gazéifiant injecté sous forme de mousse assure le colmatage des fissures et des cavités qui subsistent entre les éboulis rocheux de la zone foudroyée, ce qui a pour effet de canaliser l'écoulement des gaz le long du front de gazéification du charbon, dans la zone où l'élévation de la température assure l'évaporation des bulles qui constituent la mousse.Figure 4 shows a section passing through the thickness of the layer an underground gasification process in which the gasification operation takes place between an injection borehole 16 and a recovery borehole 17, along a channel 18 , open in the thickness of the layer, and which is limited on one side by the coal being gasified and on the other side by rock scree from the caving of the roof, in the zone 19 already gasified. The gasifying agent injected in the form of foam ensures the filling of the cracks and cavities which remain between the rocky scree of the blasted zone, which has the effect of channeling the flow of gases along the coal gasification front, in the area where the rise in temperature evaporates the bubbles that make up the foam.

Claims (1)

  1. Method of improving the conditioning of gasifying agents, used in methods for the underground gasification of coal, and consisting of water in the liquid state, by an oxygen-containing gas and by a low dosage of a tensio-active agent promoting the production of foam, characterized in that the production of foam is performed at the bottom of the injection wells, equipped with two concentric casings (1, 3), the outer casing (1), used for the injection of the oxydizing gas, terminating in one or more filtering sieves (2) with meshes of approximately one or two millimetres diameter, and the inner casing (3), used for the injection of the mixture of water and a foaming agent, terminating in one or more vaporis- ers (4) or by a device made from perforated sheet metal dispersing the water in fine droplets.
EP19860202396 1986-01-16 1986-12-30 Process for the improvement of the conditioning of gasification agents utilized in an underground coal-gasification process Expired - Lifetime EP0229434B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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BE6/48181A BE904055A (en) 1986-01-16 1986-01-16 PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE CONDITIONING OF GASIFYING AGENTS USED IN SUBTERRANEAN GASIFICATION PROCESSES.
BE6048181 1986-01-16

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EP0229434A1 EP0229434A1 (en) 1987-07-22
EP0229434B1 true EP0229434B1 (en) 1990-04-18

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EP0229434A1 (en) 1987-07-22
DE3670526D1 (en) 1990-05-23

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