EP0702076A1 - A method for producing fuel for diesel engines from tyres or the like waste rubber material - Google Patents
A method for producing fuel for diesel engines from tyres or the like waste rubber material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0702076A1 EP0702076A1 EP95306187A EP95306187A EP0702076A1 EP 0702076 A1 EP0702076 A1 EP 0702076A1 EP 95306187 A EP95306187 A EP 95306187A EP 95306187 A EP95306187 A EP 95306187A EP 0702076 A1 EP0702076 A1 EP 0702076A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- rubber material
- tyres
- waste rubber
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920002209 Crumb rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method for producing fuel from tyres or the like waste rubber material in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
- shredded tyres are mixed with spent lubricating oil to obtain a mixture for further processing in a gasifier.
- the gasifier generates low energy gas to be used in a gas turbine for power generation.
- This process includes a number of complex process steps, such as the removal of steel and textile material from the tyre material, and the use of a high pressure and temperature gasifier with sulphur absorption and gas cleaning making it costly. Therefore this known process is applicable only in larger plants.
- plastics of different kinds constitute an environmental problem and must be recycled either for reuse or converted for energy production.
- the energy content is similar to that of rubber.
- An aim of the invention is to create a new way of processing spent or scrap tyres or the like waste products so as to provide fuel for diesel engines to be further converted, for example, into electricity and heat.
- a further aim is to avoid the drawbacks of known techniques and to provide a less complicated and more cost effective way of putting into practice such an energy conversion process.
- the aims can be met with a method according to claim 1 and the sub claims.
- liquid hydrocarbons such as diesel oil, heavy fuel oil, lubricating oils, and/or other organic oils, such as vegetable oils, together with crumb rubber and possibly plastics are mixed and cracked in a chemical process so as to provide a homogeneous liquid having an appropriate viscosity to enable it to be pumped into a diesel engine and having an energy content similar to original diesel fuel oil.
- the oils referred to above for mixing with the rubber material can be virgin or used oils and these waste products can with advantage be recirculated.
- a shredding plant for shredding tyres and plastics materials.
- the shredded tyres are fed to a cryogenic plant for cooling to the glass transition temperature to produce crumb rubber and this together with the shredded plastics material are fed to a reactor, e.g. through a sluicing system such as a so-called lock-hopper system.
- a separate pipe feeds oils through a pump into the reactor.
- the reactor is heated by steam or a hot oil system to a temperature of approximately 300-405 °C, preferably from 320-385 °C.
- a decomposition of the solid hydrocarbons takes place in the reactor and the long chained compounds are cracked in the oils thereby creating a homogenous mixture which is pumped out from the bottom of the reactor.
- the high temperature in the reactor makes the solid hydrocarbons and the oils give off gases which may be released from the top of the reactor.
- the released gases can be used together with fuel oil as fuel in a steam boiler or a hot oil system for heating the reactor.
- the liquid fuel produced is cooled and can be fed directly to a diesel engine for power and heat generation or stored in an intermediate tank for later consumption.
- the diesel engine should of course be of a type which is able to operate, when necessary, also on heavy fuel oils or the like, and it should also be equipped with appropriate facilities for cleaning of diesel exhaust gases in order to meet local emission standards.
- the quality of the crumb rubber and milled rubber is better suited for processing in the reactor, and it makes it easier to separate in a classifier the steel wires, textiles and other impurities of the tyres before the rubber material is fed into the reactor.
- the reactor can be continuously used without the need to periodically clean it to remove the steel and textile.
- it may be of advantage to directly feed the shredded tyres into the reactor so as to save the costs of a cryogenic plant, although this entails cleaning the reactor of steel, textile and possibly larger unprocessed rubber parts.
- the shredding of the spent tyres to produce crumb rubber may be performed in any known manner.
- shredding to produce fragmented rubber may be achieved in a mechanical shredder or by the use of high pressure water jets as is known per se .
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a method for producing fuel from tyres or the like waste rubber material in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
- In a known process shredded tyres are mixed with spent lubricating oil to obtain a mixture for further processing in a gasifier. The gasifier generates low energy gas to be used in a gas turbine for power generation. This process includes a number of complex process steps, such as the removal of steel and textile material from the tyre material, and the use of a high pressure and temperature gasifier with sulphur absorption and gas cleaning making it costly. Therefore this known process is applicable only in larger plants.
- The disposal of spent tyres constitutes a severe environmental problem. Although it is well known to recycle rubber from tyres, it is usually required that the quality of the finished rubber product should be similar to the original virgin product. This can be achieved by making use of a cryogenic process, known as such, where shredded tyres are cooled to glass transition temperature and the product is thereafter milled and classified with separation of steel wires and textile material from the tyres.
- Rubber that does not meet the quality requirements either has to be burnt in a boiler or dumped on a land fill. Rubber from spent tyres has an energy content of approximately 8 MWh/ton and is constituted by styrene butadiene or similar, carbon black as filler, zink oxide, sulphur and small parts of various additives.
- Also plastics of different kinds constitute an environmental problem and must be recycled either for reuse or converted for energy production. The energy content is similar to that of rubber.
- An aim of the invention is to create a new way of processing spent or scrap tyres or the like waste products so as to provide fuel for diesel engines to be further converted, for example, into electricity and heat. A further aim is to avoid the drawbacks of known techniques and to provide a less complicated and more cost effective way of putting into practice such an energy conversion process.
- The aims can be met with a method according to claim 1 and the sub claims.
- In accordance with the basic concept of the invention, liquid hydrocarbons, such as diesel oil, heavy fuel oil, lubricating oils, and/or other organic oils, such as vegetable oils, together with crumb rubber and possibly plastics are mixed and cracked in a chemical process so as to provide a homogeneous liquid having an appropriate viscosity to enable it to be pumped into a diesel engine and having an energy content similar to original diesel fuel oil. The oils referred to above for mixing with the rubber material can be virgin or used oils and these waste products can with advantage be recirculated.
- An embodiment of the invention will now be described in more detail, by way of example only, with particular reference to the accompanying drawing, the sole figure of which schematically illustrates a plant for producing fuel from used tyres or other waste material.
- In the drawing there is shown a shredding plant for shredding tyres and plastics materials. The shredded tyres are fed to a cryogenic plant for cooling to the glass transition temperature to produce crumb rubber and this together with the shredded plastics material are fed to a reactor, e.g. through a sluicing system such as a so-called lock-hopper system. A separate pipe feeds oils through a pump into the reactor. There is a pressure of from 3 - 50 bars, preferably 15-30 bars, in the reactor where the rubber and oils are mixed together. The reactor is heated by steam or a hot oil system to a temperature of approximately 300-405 °C, preferably from 320-385 °C. A decomposition of the solid hydrocarbons takes place in the reactor and the long chained compounds are cracked in the oils thereby creating a homogenous mixture which is pumped out from the bottom of the reactor.
- The high temperature in the reactor makes the solid hydrocarbons and the oils give off gases which may be released from the top of the reactor. However, to obtain favourable diesel fuel features, it is important to keep as much as possible of the gases dissolved in the fuel. This can be achieved by using a low temperature cracking process of catalysts containing, for example, nickel and/or molybdenum. The released gases can be used together with fuel oil as fuel in a steam boiler or a hot oil system for heating the reactor.
- The liquid fuel produced is cooled and can be fed directly to a diesel engine for power and heat generation or stored in an intermediate tank for later consumption.
- The diesel engine should of course be of a type which is able to operate, when necessary, also on heavy fuel oils or the like, and it should also be equipped with appropriate facilities for cleaning of diesel exhaust gases in order to meet local emission standards.
- By making use of the cryogenic process, the quality of the crumb rubber and milled rubber is better suited for processing in the reactor, and it makes it easier to separate in a classifier the steel wires, textiles and other impurities of the tyres before the rubber material is fed into the reactor. Thus, the reactor can be continuously used without the need to periodically clean it to remove the steel and textile. However, in some cases and in a smaller scale utilization of the process, it may be of advantage to directly feed the shredded tyres into the reactor so as to save the costs of a cryogenic plant, although this entails cleaning the reactor of steel, textile and possibly larger unprocessed rubber parts.
- The shredding of the spent tyres to produce crumb rubber may be performed in any known manner. For example, shredding to produce fragmented rubber may be achieved in a mechanical shredder or by the use of high pressure water jets as is known per se.
- The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown and described but several modifications are feasible within the scope of the attached claims.
Claims (12)
- A method of producing fuel from spent tyres or the like waste rubber material for use in diesel engines or the like, e.g. for the production of electricity and heating energy, characterised in that it includes the steps of:(a) fragmenting said tyres or the like waste rubber material and feeding the fragmented waste rubber material into a reactor;(b) feeding liquid hydrocarbons into the reactor and mixing them with said rubber material under a pressure of from 3 to 50 bar; and(c) heating the mixture in the reactor to a temperature of from 300 to 405 °C to decompose the solid hydrocarbons and crack the long chained compounds into oils to thereby create a homogenous mixture.
- A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the waste rubber material is fragmented prior to being fed into the reactor by shredding and breaking down said tyres or waste rubber material to produce crumb rubber material.
- A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the liquid hydrocarbons comprise diesel oil, heavy fuel oil and/or lubricating oil.
- A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the pressure in the reactor is from 15 to 30 bar.
- A method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the mixture in the reactor is heated to from 320 to 385°C.
- A method according to claim 2 or any one of claims 3 to 5 when dependent on claim 2, characterised in that in step (a), after shredding, the tyres or the like waste rubber material are cooled under a cryogenic process to the glass transition temperature.
- A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, in step (a), unwanted materials, for example steel wires and textiles, are removed before feeding of the remaining rubber material into the reactor.
- A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in step (b), fragmented, e.g. shredded, waste plastic materials are also fed into the reactor.
- A method according to any of one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mixture in the reactor comprises from about 40-60% of material from said tyres or the like waste rubber material.
- A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that in step (c) catalysts, preferably containing nickel and/or molybdenum, are added to the reactor to keep as much as possible of any gases dissolved in the fuel mixture.
- A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that gases released in the reactor in step (c) are recovered separately and used as fuel for heating of the reactor.
- A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that after step (c) the homogenous mixture is pumped from the reactor and cooled so as to be ready for utilisation as fuel oil in diesel engines or the like.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI944244 | 1994-09-13 | ||
FI944244A FI944244A0 (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1994-09-13 | Foerfarande Foer framstaellning av dieselmotorbraensle av bildaeck ocjikne avfallsgummimaterial |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0702076A1 true EP0702076A1 (en) | 1996-03-20 |
EP0702076B1 EP0702076B1 (en) | 1999-03-03 |
Family
ID=8541361
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95306187A Expired - Lifetime EP0702076B1 (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-05 | A method for producing fuel for diesel engines from tyres or the like waste rubber material |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0702076B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH08104881A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE177138T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69508016T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0702076T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI944244A0 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6399393B1 (en) * | 1999-09-21 | 2002-06-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Cryogenic homogenization and sampling of heterogeneous multi-phase feedstock |
WO2009069161A1 (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2009-06-04 | Energy & Ecology S.R.L. | Method for the thermocatalytic depolymerisation of plastic material |
WO2009131590A1 (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2009-10-29 | Gpi Patent Holding Llc | Process and aparatus for producing hydrocarbon fuels |
US10472486B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-11-12 | Solvay Sa | Process for the treatment of a composition comprising thermoplastics |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITFI20040127A1 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2004-09-09 | Franco Fini | PLANT AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCES BY DEPOLYMERIZATION OF RUBBER PRODUCTS |
JP5984556B2 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2016-09-06 | 株式会社タクマ | Diesel fuel production system and diesel fuel production method using the same |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4108730A (en) * | 1977-03-14 | 1978-08-22 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method for treatment of rubber and plastic wastes |
US5061363A (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1991-10-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for co-processing waste rubber and carbonaceous material |
WO1995006682A1 (en) * | 1993-08-28 | 1995-03-09 | Hainan Yuecheng Development Corp. | A process for producing gasoline and diesel fuel oil from waste plastics and its apparatus |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE1006366A3 (en) * | 1992-11-24 | 1994-08-02 | Petrofina Sa | Polymer conversion method. |
-
1994
- 1994-09-13 FI FI944244A patent/FI944244A0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1995
- 1995-09-05 EP EP95306187A patent/EP0702076B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-05 DE DE69508016T patent/DE69508016T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-05 AT AT95306187T patent/ATE177138T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-05 DK DK95306187T patent/DK0702076T3/en active
- 1995-09-12 JP JP7233989A patent/JPH08104881A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4108730A (en) * | 1977-03-14 | 1978-08-22 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method for treatment of rubber and plastic wastes |
US5061363A (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1991-10-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for co-processing waste rubber and carbonaceous material |
WO1995006682A1 (en) * | 1993-08-28 | 1995-03-09 | Hainan Yuecheng Development Corp. | A process for producing gasoline and diesel fuel oil from waste plastics and its apparatus |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6399393B1 (en) * | 1999-09-21 | 2002-06-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Cryogenic homogenization and sampling of heterogeneous multi-phase feedstock |
WO2009069161A1 (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2009-06-04 | Energy & Ecology S.R.L. | Method for the thermocatalytic depolymerisation of plastic material |
WO2009131590A1 (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2009-10-29 | Gpi Patent Holding Llc | Process and aparatus for producing hydrocarbon fuels |
US9371492B2 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2016-06-21 | Gpi Patent Holding Llc | Waste to fuel processes, systems, methods, and apparatuses |
US10385276B2 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2019-08-20 | Gpi Patent Holding Llc | Waste to fuel processes, systems, methods, and apparatuses |
US10472486B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-11-12 | Solvay Sa | Process for the treatment of a composition comprising thermoplastics |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0702076T3 (en) | 1999-10-04 |
DE69508016D1 (en) | 1999-04-08 |
EP0702076B1 (en) | 1999-03-03 |
DE69508016T2 (en) | 1999-08-12 |
ATE177138T1 (en) | 1999-03-15 |
JPH08104881A (en) | 1996-04-23 |
FI944244A0 (en) | 1994-09-13 |
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