US20050130846A1 - Polymer compositions - Google Patents
Polymer compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050130846A1 US20050130846A1 US10/714,548 US71454803A US2005130846A1 US 20050130846 A1 US20050130846 A1 US 20050130846A1 US 71454803 A US71454803 A US 71454803A US 2005130846 A1 US2005130846 A1 US 2005130846A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- salt
- water soluble
- soluble copolymer
- acid
- alkali metal
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 159000000006 cesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- ATZQZZAXOPPAAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium formate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-]C=O ATZQZZAXOPPAAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002954 polymerization reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical group C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical class [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical class [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- ZEQJDKZXWHEAMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-(3-oxoprop-2-enylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NCC=C=O ZEQJDKZXWHEAMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001243 acetic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004674 formic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical class CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical class COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract description 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 11
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical class [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- IRLPACMLTUPBCL-KQYNXXCUSA-N 5'-adenylyl sulfate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O IRLPACMLTUPBCL-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003109 potassium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002305 Schizophyllan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920013820 alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZOAIGCHJWKDIPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium acetate Chemical compound [Cs+].CC([O-])=O ZOAIGCHJWKDIPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000005323 carbonate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003064 carboxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003090 carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920013821 hydroxy alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=C(NC(=O)CC(C)=O)C=C1Cl DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUXNAKZDHHEHPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Br(=O)=O XUXNAKZDHHEHPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/06—Clay-free compositions
- C09K8/12—Clay-free compositions containing synthetic organic macromolecular compounds or their precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
- C08K5/098—Metal salts of carboxylic acids
Definitions
- This invention relates to certain polymer compositions, their preparation and their use as viscosifiers in alkali metal salt solutions which are particularly useful in viscosifying well-drilling fluids for oil field operations at temperatures above 350° F.
- aqueous polysaccharide compositions in well-drilling operations, e.g. in oil and gas wells.
- polysaccharides include cellulose derivatives, such as carboxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, alkylhydroxyalkylcelluloses, alkylcelluloses, alkylcarboxyalkylcelluloses and hydroxyalkylcelluloses (particularly hydroxyethylcellulose); and microbial polysaccharides such as Succinoglycan polysaccharides, Scleroglucan polysaccharides and Xanthan polysaccharides.
- aqueous polysaccharide compositions In order to achieve suitable density for use in well-drilling operations, it is conventional for the known aqueous polysaccharide compositions to include water soluble salts, e.g. as described in UK Patent No. 1,549,734. These salts are typically halide salts (e.g. chlorides and bromides) of mono- or divalent cations, such as sodium, potassium, calcium and zinc, e.g. sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium bromide or zinc bromide.
- halide salts e.g. chlorides and bromides
- aqueous polysaccharide composition has its own characteristic temperature above which it undergoes severe chemical degradation with undesirable reduction of viscosity, thus imposing limitations upon its use in drilling operations below a corresponding depth.
- Additives for example blends of polymeric alkaline materials such as that sold by International Drilling Fluids (UK) Ltd., under the trade mark “PTS 200,” have been used to improve thermal stability of aqueous polysaccharide compositions.
- Novel polymer/alkali metal carboxylate compositions disclosed here are suitable for use in aqueous well servicing fluids and incorporate high molecular weight copolymer soluble in brine.
- Adding salt to a solution of polymer in water is a known method of removing the polymer from solution. The highest molecular weights will come out of solution first and, as more and more salt is added, lower and lower molecular weight polymers come out of solution.
- the high molecular weight copolymer is sufficiently soluble in brine comprising alkali metal carboxylate to develop suitable high temperature viscosity, that is, viscosity at the elevated temperatures encountered by well drilling fluids.
- the polymer compositions have “durable” viscosity, that is, advantageous density and excellent high temperature viscosity is maintained even after prolonged working of the well service fluid.
- the polymer compositions disclosed here comprise water soluble copolymer having functionality which includes at least sulfonate groups and carboxylate groups.
- the copolymer is sufficiently soluble in saturated and other high concentration brines of alkali and metal salt(s) of carboxylic acid(s), for example, cesium formate brine, to provide polymer compositions having good density and excellent high temperature viscosity for well servicing fluids.
- aqueous polymer compositions comprising the aforesaid copolymer having at least sulfonate group and carboxylate group functionality, dissolved in brine for use as well service fluids, such as completion fluids, work-over fluids and drilling fluids.
- soluble copolymer is the polymerization reaction product of acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof with acrylic acid and/or alkali metal salts or ammonium salts of carboxylic acid or other suitable unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
- an aqueous polymer composition comprises water soluble copolymer having functionality including at least sulfonate groups and carboxylate groups, and alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid.
- compositions of the invention may also be present in compositions of the invention, and inevitably will be present in compositions where sea water or other naturally occurring brine is used in preparing the composition.
- the composition may also contain an antioxidant, e.g. 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and/or other suitable additives.
- 2-mercaptobenzothiazole When 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is used it may conveniently be incorporated in the same proportion, w/v, as the water soluble copolymer.
- w/v as the water soluble copolymer.
- 1% w/v corresponds to a concentration of 10 kgm.sup. ⁇ 3 (10 g/l) of composition.
- the pH of the composition is preferably greater than 8.0, but not higher than 11.5, preferably at least 9.0 and less than 10.5, for reasons of stability and reduced corrosiveness of the composition.
- the pH may be controlled by addition of suitable reagents, e.g. sodium hydroxide.
- suitable reagents e.g. sodium hydroxide.
- a monovalent salt e.g., a carbonate salt, e.g. potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate
- the invention also provides a process of preparing an aqueous polymer composition of the invention.
- the alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid is added to an aqueous composition, optionally a brine composition, in which the water soluble copolymer is already dissolved and hydrated.
- the alkali metal salt of formic, acetic and/or other suitable carboxylic acid is added to an aqueous composition containing the water soluble copolymer with, when present, other salts and/or other ingredients, etc.
- the polymer composition described above comprising the water soluble copolymer and the alkali metal salt of carboxylate acid, optionally with other dry ingredients, intended for use in a well service fluid, is provided as a dry powder to which water or brine solution is added to hydrate the polymer and dissolve the alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid.
- the water soluble copolymer is added to a brine comprising the alkali metal salt.
- the brine employed in an aqueous polymer composition of this invention contains primarily sodium or potassium salt of carboxylic acid, although as mentioned above, other salts may be present in trace or minor amounts. Typically, such brines are substantially saturated solutions of the sodium or potassium salt. In other preferred embodiments, the cesium salt of carboxylic acid is used with only trace or minor amounts of other salts. Such cesium brines provide aqueous polymer compositions of higher density than corresponding compositions employing sodium or potassium brines.
- aqueous polymer compositions of the invention employing cesium brines above about 40% to 43% w/w (i.e., 4 parts by weight of cesium salt to 10 parts by weight of water used in the polymer composition) have density equal to or greater than corresponding compositions employing substantially saturated potassium brine.
- aqueous polymer compositions of the invention employ the water soluble copolymer in a cesium formate brine or other suitable brine of cesium carboxylate, with at most only trace or minor amounts of other salts (i.e., such as might be contributed by sea water), and the cesium salt is used in an amount from about 40% to fully saturated.
- a polymer composition of the invention as a well service fluid, especially as a completion fluid, a work-over fluid or drilling fluid in a well-drilling operation.
- the water soluble copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of at least about 1,000,000, preferably from 1,000,000 to 5,000,000, more preferably 1,500,000 to 3,000,000.
- at least preferred embodiments of the aqueous polymer compositions disclosed here provide well servicing fluids which develop high viscosity, i.e., have an improved and retained viscosity at temperatures up to at least 425° F.
- the copolymer is soluble in a saturated alkali metal carboxylate brine solution, e.g., is a substantially saturated cesium formate solution, in an amount of at least about 4 lbs/bbl, more preferably at least 6 lbs/bbl.
- Certain such preferred embodiments have retained viscosity at temperatures up to at least about 425° F. after 700 hours of extended use as a well service fluid, as tested and defined by “ Recommended Practice Standard Procedure for Field Testing Water - Based Drilling Fluids ” API Recommended Practice 13B-1 (RP 13B-1) First Edition, Jun.
- the well-servicing fluid retains at least 50% of its apparent viscosity after roller aging for 30 days at 375 degrees F. and measured at 120 degrees F.
- Suitable water soluble copolymers can be prepared in accordance with the teachings of published European patent application No. EP 0068189, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- the alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid preferably is selected from the sodium, potassium and cesium salts of suitable carboxylic acids, preferably C1 to C3 carboxylic acid, most preferably the sodium, potassium and/or cesium salts of formic acid, acetic acid or mixtures thereof that are blended to obtain the desired density of the drilling, completion, workover or packer fluid.
- substantially saturated brine of sodium formate, sodium acetate, potassium formate and/or potassium acetate is used.
- the brine is a 40% w/w or high solution of cesium formate and/or cesium acetate. In accordance with certain highly preferred embodiments, at least about 5 wt.
- the cesium salt is the cesium salt.
- the cesium brines at about 43% of saturation are found to provide densities equal to the density of substantially saturated potassium brines.
- the cesium brines advantageously provide even high densities, such as 2.18 to 2.3.
- the water soluble copolymers disclosed above having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 to 5,000,000 are soluble at least to levels of 0.05 to 5.0 wt. % (based on the weight of all solids contents of the polymer composition) in an 80% brine or higher of alkali metal carboxylate, yielding an apparent viscosity greater than or equal to 20 cPs., a plastic viscosity of greater than or equal to 15 cPs, and a yield point of greater or equal to 5 lb./100 ft 2 when dissolved in alkali metal formate brine at a concentration of 2 pounds per barrel and measured at 120 degrees F.
- this advantageous viscosity is durable, in that the aqueous polymeric compositions retain at least 50% of its apparent viscosity after roller aging for 30 days at 375 degrees F. and measured at 120 degrees F.
- a cesium brine means a brine in which cesium carboxylate is the only or the primary salt. Brines in which cesium carboxylate is the primary salt have only trace or minor amounts of other salts, such as would be introduced through the use of seawater in the polymer composition. Corresponding meanings apply for potassium brine, sodium brine, etc.
- the water soluble copolymer is an AMPS copolymer prepared as the reaction product of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof, most preferably 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid or salt thereof, with acrylamide, vinylpyrrolidone, acrylic acid or salt thereof.
- a crosslinker reactant also is employed to achieve a higher molecular weight copolymer reaction product.
- reaction conditions may be controlled or other techniques employed to achieve a desired molecular weight without the use of a cross-linking agent.
- the cross-linking agent should be at least bifunctional, such as N,N′-methylenebis[2-propenamide].
- the water soluble copolymer preferably has about 5 to 95 wt. %, more preferably about 40 to 80 wt. % structural units derived from the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof, or like reactant, and about 5 to 95 wt. %, more preferably about 20 to 60 wt. % structural units derived from the acrylic acid or its salt or like reactant, and about 0 to 5 wt. %, more preferably about 0 to 0.1 wt. % structural units derived from the cross-linking agent.
- Preferred salts of the copolymer include, for example, alkali metal salts, ammonium salts and the like.
- An aqueous polymer composition suitable for use as a well service fluid comprises the polymer composition described above together with water or brine solution in an amount preferably sufficient to substantially fully hydrate the water soluble copolymer and to dissolve the alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid.
- the water soluble copolymer is present in an amount of about 0.05 to 5.0 wt. %, based on the combined weight of all of the dry ingredients of the polymer composition period reference here to the dry ingredients means the undissolved salt(s), non-hydrated copolymer, and any other solids of the polymer composition in the absence of water.
- the dry ingredients will include the copolymer, alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid, the solids content of any additives, etc.
- the alkali metal salt in such preferred embodiments is present in an amount of about 95 to 99.95 wt. %, again based on the combined weight of the dry ingredients.
- the polymer compositions may further comprise other suitable ingredients, including, for example, alkali metal salts of at least 1 halide.
- suitable ingredients including, for example, alkali metal salts of at least 1 halide.
- the polymer compositions may incorporate the sodium, potassium and/or cesium salts of chloride, bromide or mixtures thereof.
- suitable additive may be present in the polymer compositions, including for example, any of the additives currently known for use in well servicing fluids of this general type.
- the water soluble copolymer can be prepared in accordance with known polymerization techniques.
- 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or like AMPS reactant is polymerized together with acrylic acid or other suitable carboxylic acid, after which the resulting water soluble copolymer is optionally neutralized to the salt by addition of suitable ammonium, sodium or calcium compound or the like.
- water swellable and water soluble is used herein to include both the dry and the hydrated form of the copolymer, unless otherwise clearly indicated by context.
- water-soluble refers to the hydrophilic nature of the copolymer whether or not the polymer is in the hydrated form.
- acrylic acid is used here interchangeably with propanoic acid.
- the mixer speed is increased to approximately 4000 rpm.
- the sample is left mixing overnight.
- the sample is poured in a cup and the unaged viscosities are read using an OFITE Model 800 Viscometer.
- the sample is then poured into a stainless steel gas tight Aging Cell lined with Teflon cup.
- the Aging Cell is placed in a roller oven pre-heated to 375° F.
- the sample is hot rolled for 24 hrs; after 24 hours the sample is cooled down to 120° F. and the viscosities are read.
- the Apparent Viscosity, Plastic Viscosity and Yield Point of the aged sample are then calculated.
- the sample is then poured back in the Aging Cell and continually aged at 375° F. for the specified test period (i.e., 48, 96, 168, 336, 504, 672 and 744 hours).
- Copolymer as disclosed above, was prepared by mixing the ingredients shown in Table 3 in the amounts indicated. TABLE 3 Deionized water 355.79 Acrylic acid 235.37 AMPS 169.25 Methylenebisacrylamide .012 Aqueous ammonia 239.35 Sodium persulfate .17 Sodium bromate .02 Sodium metabisulfite .04
- the “AMPS” ingredient listed in Table 3 was 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid.
- the deionized water was used to dissolve solid ingredients before mixing.
- the mixture underwent polymerization reaction in accordance with known techniques.
- the resultant water soluble copolymer was suitable for use in applications such as well servicing fluids.
- a viscous cesium formate slug (2.18 s.g.) was prepared for pumping into a well as part of a completion operation.
- the viscous cesium formate slug was formed with 6 lbs. per barrel of the water soluble copolymer formed in accordance with Example 3.
- the well had a bottom hole temperature of 400° F.
- the viscous cesium formate slug was pumped to the bottom of the drill hole.
- the polymer composition was used as a viscous pill to sweep the well of particulate matter and downhole debris. In this function it worked well, displacing debris to the surface and leaving a clean well bore for the next stage of the completion operation.
- the viscous cesium formate was found to have substantially no loss of viscosity when returned to the surface and recovered after several hours of use.
Abstract
Novel polymer compositions are disclosed, along with their use as well service fluids, for example as completion fluids, work-over fluids or drilling fluids, comprising water soluble copolymers having sulfonate groups and carboxylate groups, along with alkali metal salts of carboxylic acid. Exemplary copolymer has 5 to 95 wt. % structural units derived from 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof, and 5 to 95 wt. % structural units derived from acrylic acid or salt thereof. A salt of the polymer may be used, such as the sodium, potassium, ammonium and calcium salts. Exemplary alkali metal salts of the polymer composition include sodium, potassium and cesium salts of formic acid and/or acetic acid in amounts suitable to develop high temperature viscosity suitable for such well servicing fluids. The polymer composition is hydrateble/soluble in a brine of sodium and/or potassium and/or cesium salts of formic and/or acetic acid.
Description
- This invention relates to certain polymer compositions, their preparation and their use as viscosifiers in alkali metal salt solutions which are particularly useful in viscosifying well-drilling fluids for oil field operations at temperatures above 350° F.
- It is known to use aqueous polysaccharide compositions in well-drilling operations, e.g. in oil and gas wells. Examples of polysaccharides include cellulose derivatives, such as carboxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, alkylhydroxyalkylcelluloses, alkylcelluloses, alkylcarboxyalkylcelluloses and hydroxyalkylcelluloses (particularly hydroxyethylcellulose); and microbial polysaccharides such as Succinoglycan polysaccharides, Scleroglucan polysaccharides and Xanthan polysaccharides.
- In order to achieve suitable density for use in well-drilling operations, it is conventional for the known aqueous polysaccharide compositions to include water soluble salts, e.g. as described in UK Patent No. 1,549,734. These salts are typically halide salts (e.g. chlorides and bromides) of mono- or divalent cations, such as sodium, potassium, calcium and zinc, e.g. sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium bromide or zinc bromide.
- One problem faced in drilling operations relates to thermal stability of well service fluids such as completion fluids, work-over fluids and drilling fluids. Temperatures in subsurface formations generally rise approximately 1 degree C. per hundred feet (30 meters) depth. Any aqueous polysaccharide composition has its own characteristic temperature above which it undergoes severe chemical degradation with undesirable reduction of viscosity, thus imposing limitations upon its use in drilling operations below a corresponding depth.
- Additives, for example blends of polymeric alkaline materials such as that sold by International Drilling Fluids (UK) Ltd., under the trade mark “
PTS 200,” have been used to improve thermal stability of aqueous polysaccharide compositions. - Polymer compositions have now been found that have excellent thermal stability and excellent performance characteristics for use in well service fluid applications. Novel polymer/alkali metal carboxylate compositions disclosed here are suitable for use in aqueous well servicing fluids and incorporate high molecular weight copolymer soluble in brine. Adding salt to a solution of polymer in water is a known method of removing the polymer from solution. The highest molecular weights will come out of solution first and, as more and more salt is added, lower and lower molecular weight polymers come out of solution. In contrast, in the novel aqueous polymer compositions disclosed here, the high molecular weight copolymer, further described below, is sufficiently soluble in brine comprising alkali metal carboxylate to develop suitable high temperature viscosity, that is, viscosity at the elevated temperatures encountered by well drilling fluids. Moreover, in accordance with at least certain preferred embodiments, the polymer compositions have “durable” viscosity, that is, advantageous density and excellent high temperature viscosity is maintained even after prolonged working of the well service fluid. The polymer compositions disclosed here comprise water soluble copolymer having functionality which includes at least sulfonate groups and carboxylate groups. The copolymer is sufficiently soluble in saturated and other high concentration brines of alkali and metal salt(s) of carboxylic acid(s), for example, cesium formate brine, to provide polymer compositions having good density and excellent high temperature viscosity for well servicing fluids.
- According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided aqueous polymer compositions comprising the aforesaid copolymer having at least sulfonate group and carboxylate group functionality, dissolved in brine for use as well service fluids, such as completion fluids, work-over fluids and drilling fluids. Preferably, such soluble copolymer is the polymerization reaction product of acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof with acrylic acid and/or alkali metal salts or ammonium salts of carboxylic acid or other suitable unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
- In accordance with another aspect, an aqueous polymer composition comprises water soluble copolymer having functionality including at least sulfonate groups and carboxylate groups, and alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid.
- It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that incidental quantities of other salts, such as sulfates, nitrates and bicarbonates, may also be present in compositions of the invention, and inevitably will be present in compositions where sea water or other naturally occurring brine is used in preparing the composition. If desired the composition may also contain an antioxidant, e.g. 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and/or other suitable additives. When 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is used it may conveniently be incorporated in the same proportion, w/v, as the water soluble copolymer. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that 1% w/v corresponds to a concentration of 10 kgm.sup.−3 (10 g/l) of composition. It is advantageous for the pH of the composition to be preferably greater than 8.0, but not higher than 11.5, preferably at least 9.0 and less than 10.5, for reasons of stability and reduced corrosiveness of the composition. The pH may be controlled by addition of suitable reagents, e.g. sodium hydroxide. The presence of a monovalent salt, e.g., a carbonate salt, e.g. potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, in the composition can enable a suitable buffering effect to be achieved.
- The invention also provides a process of preparing an aqueous polymer composition of the invention. In accordance with one aspect, the alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid is added to an aqueous composition, optionally a brine composition, in which the water soluble copolymer is already dissolved and hydrated. In accordance with one preferred embodiment, the alkali metal salt of formic, acetic and/or other suitable carboxylic acid is added to an aqueous composition containing the water soluble copolymer with, when present, other salts and/or other ingredients, etc. In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the polymer composition described above comprising the water soluble copolymer and the alkali metal salt of carboxylate acid, optionally with other dry ingredients, intended for use in a well service fluid, is provided as a dry powder to which water or brine solution is added to hydrate the polymer and dissolve the alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid. In accordance with another alternative embodiment, the water soluble copolymer is added to a brine comprising the alkali metal salt.
- In accordance with certain preferred embodiments, the brine employed in an aqueous polymer composition of this invention contains primarily sodium or potassium salt of carboxylic acid, although as mentioned above, other salts may be present in trace or minor amounts. Typically, such brines are substantially saturated solutions of the sodium or potassium salt. In other preferred embodiments, the cesium salt of carboxylic acid is used with only trace or minor amounts of other salts. Such cesium brines provide aqueous polymer compositions of higher density than corresponding compositions employing sodium or potassium brines. More specifically, for example, aqueous polymer compositions of the invention employing cesium brines above about 40% to 43% w/w (i.e., 4 parts by weight of cesium salt to 10 parts by weight of water used in the polymer composition) have density equal to or greater than corresponding compositions employing substantially saturated potassium brine. Thus, in accordance with certain especially preferred embodiments, aqueous polymer compositions of the invention employ the water soluble copolymer in a cesium formate brine or other suitable brine of cesium carboxylate, with at most only trace or minor amounts of other salts (i.e., such as might be contributed by sea water), and the cesium salt is used in an amount from about 40% to fully saturated.
- In accordance with another aspect, there is provided the use of a polymer composition of the invention as a well service fluid, especially as a completion fluid, a work-over fluid or drilling fluid in a well-drilling operation. Preferably, the water soluble copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of at least about 1,000,000, preferably from 1,000,000 to 5,000,000, more preferably 1,500,000 to 3,000,000. In that regard, it is a significant advantage of the present invention, that at least preferred embodiments of the aqueous polymer compositions disclosed here provide well servicing fluids which develop high viscosity, i.e., have an improved and retained viscosity at temperatures up to at least 425° F. Moreover, it is a notable advantage of the present invention that such preferred embodiments retain their excellent viscosity characteristics at elevated temperature even after extended use as a completion or drilling fluid. In certain preferred embodiments, the copolymer is soluble in a saturated alkali metal carboxylate brine solution, e.g., is a substantially saturated cesium formate solution, in an amount of at least about 4 lbs/bbl, more preferably at least 6 lbs/bbl. Certain such preferred embodiments have retained viscosity at temperatures up to at least about 425° F. after 700 hours of extended use as a well service fluid, as tested and defined by “Recommended Practice Standard Procedure for Field Testing Water-Based Drilling Fluids” API Recommended Practice 13B-1 (RP 13B-1) First Edition, Jun. 1, 1990 (American National Standard, ANSI/API RP 13B-1-90 Approved: Jul. 12, 1993). Certain such preferred embodiments employing the high molecular weight, water soluble copolymer described above in an amount of 0.05 to 5 wt. % (based on the total weight of all solids components of the polymer composition) and the alkali metal carboxylate in an amount of 95 to 99.95 wt. % (also based on the weight of all solids components) to produce a substantially saturated or other concentration brine, to provide a well-servicing fluid which develops an apparent viscosity greater than or equal to 20 cPs., a plastic viscosity of greater than or equal to 15 cPs, and a yield point of greater or equal to 5 lb./100 ft2 when dissolved in alkali metal formate brine at a concentration of 2 pounds per barrel and measured at 120 degrees F. In accordance with certain highly preferred embodiments, the well-servicing fluid retains at least 50% of its apparent viscosity after roller aging for 30 days at 375 degrees F. and measured at 120 degrees F. Suitable water soluble copolymers can be prepared in accordance with the teachings of published European patent application No. EP 0068189, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- The alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid preferably is selected from the sodium, potassium and cesium salts of suitable carboxylic acids, preferably C1 to C3 carboxylic acid, most preferably the sodium, potassium and/or cesium salts of formic acid, acetic acid or mixtures thereof that are blended to obtain the desired density of the drilling, completion, workover or packer fluid. In accordance with certain preferred embodiments, substantially saturated brine of sodium formate, sodium acetate, potassium formate and/or potassium acetate is used. In accordance with other preferred embodiments, the brine is a 40% w/w or high solution of cesium formate and/or cesium acetate. In accordance with certain highly preferred embodiments, at least about 5 wt. % of the alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid is the cesium salt. Such embodiments are found to provide well service fluids having high density and unexpectedly advantageous density and durable viscosity. In that regard, the cesium brines at about 43% of saturation are found to provide densities equal to the density of substantially saturated potassium brines. At concentrations higher than 43%, the cesium brines advantageously provide even high densities, such as 2.18 to 2.3. As noted above, it is a significant and unexpected advantage of the polymer compositions disclosed here, that they are sufficiently water soluble to yield durable, high temperature viscosities suitable for well servicing fluids, in saturated brines of alkali metal carboxylates or in brines having salt concentrations less than saturation but sufficiently high to provide necessary density levels. It is significant and quite unexpected, for example, that the water soluble copolymers disclosed above, having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 to 5,000,000 are soluble at least to levels of 0.05 to 5.0 wt. % (based on the weight of all solids contents of the polymer composition) in an 80% brine or higher of alkali metal carboxylate, yielding an apparent viscosity greater than or equal to 20 cPs., a plastic viscosity of greater than or equal to 15 cPs, and a yield point of greater or equal to 5 lb./100 ft2 when dissolved in alkali metal formate brine at a concentration of 2 pounds per barrel and measured at 120 degrees F. Moreover, this advantageous viscosity is durable, in that the aqueous polymeric compositions retain at least 50% of its apparent viscosity after roller aging for 30 days at 375 degrees F. and measured at 120 degrees F. As discussed elsewhere herein, it should be understood that reference to a cesium brine means a brine in which cesium carboxylate is the only or the primary salt. Brines in which cesium carboxylate is the primary salt have only trace or minor amounts of other salts, such as would be introduced through the use of seawater in the polymer composition. Corresponding meanings apply for potassium brine, sodium brine, etc.
- Preferably the water soluble copolymer is an AMPS copolymer prepared as the reaction product of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof, most preferably 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid or salt thereof, with acrylamide, vinylpyrrolidone, acrylic acid or salt thereof. Optionally, a crosslinker reactant also is employed to achieve a higher molecular weight copolymer reaction product. Alternatively, reaction conditions may be controlled or other techniques employed to achieve a desired molecular weight without the use of a cross-linking agent. When used, the cross-linking agent should be at least bifunctional, such as N,N′-methylenebis[2-propenamide]. The water soluble copolymer preferably has about 5 to 95 wt. %, more preferably about 40 to 80 wt. % structural units derived from the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof, or like reactant, and about 5 to 95 wt. %, more preferably about 20 to 60 wt. % structural units derived from the acrylic acid or its salt or like reactant, and about 0 to 5 wt. %, more preferably about 0 to 0.1 wt. % structural units derived from the cross-linking agent. Preferred salts of the copolymer include, for example, alkali metal salts, ammonium salts and the like.
- An aqueous polymer composition suitable for use as a well service fluid, comprises the polymer composition described above together with water or brine solution in an amount preferably sufficient to substantially fully hydrate the water soluble copolymer and to dissolve the alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid.
- In accordance with preferred embodiments, the water soluble copolymer is present in an amount of about 0.05 to 5.0 wt. %, based on the combined weight of all of the dry ingredients of the polymer composition period reference here to the dry ingredients means the undissolved salt(s), non-hydrated copolymer, and any other solids of the polymer composition in the absence of water. Typically, therefore, the dry ingredients will include the copolymer, alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid, the solids content of any additives, etc. The alkali metal salt in such preferred embodiments is present in an amount of about 95 to 99.95 wt. %, again based on the combined weight of the dry ingredients. These amounts are stated for the dry ingredients, not including the water content of any polymer compositions disclosed here which are aqueous polymer compositions.
- The polymer compositions may further comprise other suitable ingredients, including, for example, alkali metal salts of at least 1 halide. Thus, for example, the polymer compositions may incorporate the sodium, potassium and/or cesium salts of chloride, bromide or mixtures thereof. In addition, minor amounts of suitable additive may be present in the polymer compositions, including for example, any of the additives currently known for use in well servicing fluids of this general type.
- The water soluble copolymer can be prepared in accordance with known polymerization techniques. Preferably, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or like AMPS reactant is polymerized together with acrylic acid or other suitable carboxylic acid, after which the resulting water soluble copolymer is optionally neutralized to the salt by addition of suitable ammonium, sodium or calcium compound or the like. It should be understood that the term water swellable and water soluble is used herein to include both the dry and the hydrated form of the copolymer, unless otherwise clearly indicated by context. As such, it will be recognized that the term water-soluble refers to the hydrophilic nature of the copolymer whether or not the polymer is in the hydrated form. It should also be recognized that the term acrylic acid is used here interchangeably with propanoic acid.
- The invention will be further understood from the following illustrative Examples.
- To an 83% cesium formate (2.286 s.g.) solution buffered to pH 10.0 the copolymer disclosed above is added in the amount of 6 lb/bbl by the following procedure which substantially follows “Recommended Practice Standard Procedure for Field Testing Water-Based Drilling Fluids” API Recommended Practice 13B-1 (RP 13B-1) First Edition, Jun. 1, 1990 (American National Standard, ANSI/API RP 13B-1-90 Approved: Jul. 12, 1993). The procedure used commences with weighing the required amount of dry polymer and the required amount of cesium formate solution. Then, using an Air mixer equipped with a 1.25 inch high efficiency paddle assembly the copolymer powder is slowly added to the cesium formate solution while mixing at medium speed. When all the powder is added the mixer speed is increased to approximately 4000 rpm. The sample is left mixing overnight. The sample is poured in a cup and the unaged viscosities are read using an
OFITE Model 800 Viscometer. The sample is then poured into a stainless steel gas tight Aging Cell lined with Teflon cup. The Aging Cell is placed in a roller oven pre-heated to 375° F. The sample is hot rolled for 24 hrs; after 24 hours the sample is cooled down to 120° F. and the viscosities are read. The Apparent Viscosity, Plastic Viscosity and Yield Point of the aged sample are then calculated. The sample is then poured back in the Aging Cell and continually aged at 375° F. for the specified test period (i.e., 48, 96, 168, 336, 504, 672 and 744 hours). - After each test period, the sample is cooled and the measurements conducted at 120° F. The results are tabulated in Table 1, below, and charted in
FIG. 1 .TABLE 1 Hot Rolled at 16 24 48 168 336 504 672 744 375° F. (hours) Apparent Viscosity 61 59 56.5 50 50 48 46 46 (cP) Plastic Viscosity 48 47 45 40 40 39 37 37 (cP) Yield Point 26 24 23 20 20 18 18 18 (lbs/100 sq. ft.) - To a blend of potassium formate and cesium formate (1.88 s.g.) mixed in the ratio of 1:1.27 solution, buffered to pH 10.0, the copolymer disclosed above is added in the amount of 6 lb/bbl by following the same procedure as described in Example 1. The results of apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity and yield point are measured at the time intervals indicated in Table 2, below. The results are charted in
FIG. 2 .TABLE 2 Hot Rolled at 16 24 48 168 336 504 672 744 375° F. (hours) Apparent Viscosity 63 58 56 54.5 45.5 44.5 43.5 43 (cP) Plastic Viscosity 51 48 46 — 39 39 38 37 (cP) Yield Point — 31 24 18 17 17 15 16 (lbs/100 sq. ft.) - Copolymer, as disclosed above, was prepared by mixing the ingredients shown in Table 3 in the amounts indicated.
TABLE 3 Deionized water 355.79 Acrylic acid 235.37 AMPS 169.25 Methylenebisacrylamide .012 Aqueous ammonia 239.35 Sodium persulfate .17 Sodium bromate .02 Sodium metabisulfite .04 - The “AMPS” ingredient listed in Table 3 was 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid. The deionized water was used to dissolve solid ingredients before mixing. The mixture underwent polymerization reaction in accordance with known techniques. The resultant water soluble copolymer was suitable for use in applications such as well servicing fluids.
- In a field operation in the North Sea, a viscous cesium formate slug (2.18 s.g.) was prepared for pumping into a well as part of a completion operation. The viscous cesium formate slug was formed with 6 lbs. per barrel of the water soluble copolymer formed in accordance with Example 3. The well had a bottom hole temperature of 400° F. The viscous cesium formate slug was pumped to the bottom of the drill hole. The polymer composition was used as a viscous pill to sweep the well of particulate matter and downhole debris. In this function it worked well, displacing debris to the surface and leaving a clean well bore for the next stage of the completion operation. The viscous cesium formate was found to have substantially no loss of viscosity when returned to the surface and recovered after several hours of use.
- In light of the foregoing disclosure of the invention and description of the preferred embodiments, those skilled in this area of technology will readily understand that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the true scope and spirit of the invention. All such modifications and adaptations are intended to be covered by the following claims.
Claims (34)
1-12. (canceled)
13. A composition comprising:
water soluble copolymer formed as the polymerization reaction product of acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof and alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound; and
alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid;
wherein the water soluble copolymer comprises from 5 to 95 wt. % structural units derived from 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof, and from 5 to 95 wt. % structural units derived from acrylamide, vinylpyrrolidone, acrylic acid or salt thereof, and 0 to 5 wt. % structural units derived from an at least bifunctional cross-linking agent; and wherein the alkali metal salt comprises at least one alkali metal salt of C1 to C3 carboxylic acid.
14. The composition of claim 13 wherein the cross-linking agent is N,N′-methylenebis[2-propenamide].
15-16. (canceled)
17. A composition comprising:
water soluble copolymer formed as the polymerization reaction product of acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof and alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound;
alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid; and
alkali metal salt of at least one halides;
wherein the copolymer is substantially hydrated by water and the alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid is substantially dissolved.
18. The composition of claim 17 wherein the alkali metal salt of at least one halide is selected from the sodium, potassium and cesium salts of chloride, bromide and mixtures thereof.
19. A composition comprising:
water soluble copolymer formed as the polymerization reaction product of acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof and alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound; and
alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid;
wherein the copolymer is substantially hydrated by water and the alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid is substantially dissolved, developing an apparent viscosity of at least 20 cPs., a plastic viscosity of at least 15 cPs, and a yield point of at least 5 lb./100 ft2 when dissolved in cesium formate brine at a concentration of 2 pounds per barrel and measured at 120 degrees F.
20. The composition of claim 19 retaining at least 50 percent of its apparent viscosity after roller aging for 30 days at 375 degrees F. and measured at 120 degrees F.
21. A process for preparing an aqueous composition comprising:
water soluble copolymer formed as the polymerization reaction product of acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof and alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound; and
alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid wherein the copolymer is substantially hydrated by water and the alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid is substantially dissolved, comprising hydrating the composition.
22. A process for preparing an aqueous polymer composition according to claim 21 wherein alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid is dissolved in an aqueous composition containing the water soluble copolymer.
23. A process for preparing an aqueous polymer composition according to claim 21 wherein the water soluble copolymer is dissolved in a brine of alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid.
24. A method of carrying out well-drilling or well-servicing operations comprising the use of an aqueous well service fluid comprising water soluble copolymer having functionality including at least sulfonate groups and carboxylate groups, hydrated in a brine solution.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein the water soluble copolymer is substantially fully hydrated in the brine solution.
26. An aqueous well service fluid comprising:
water soluble copolymer having functionality including at least sulfonate groups and carboxylate groups, hydrated in a brine solution.
27. The aqueous well servicing fluid of claim 26 wherein the water soluble copolymer is soluble in a brine of alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid.
28. The aqueous well servicing fluid of claim 26 wherein the water soluble copolymer is substantially fully hydrated in the brine solution.
29. Water soluble copolymer having functionality including at least sulfonate groups and carboxylate groups, which has a weight average molecular weight of at least 1,000,000 and develops an apparent viscosity of at least 20 cPs., a plastic viscosity of at least 15 cPs, and a yield point of at least 5 lb./100 ft2 when substantially fully hydrated in cesium formate brine at a concentration of 2 pounds per barrel and measured at 120 degrees F.
30. Water soluble copolymer of claim 29 having weight average molecular weight between 1,000,000 and 5,000,000.
31. Water soluble copolymer of claim 29 soluble in an amount of at least 4 lbs/bbl in a substantially saturated brine of alkali metal carboxylate selected from sodium, potassium and cesium salts of acetic and formic acids.
32. Water soluble copolymer of claim 29 which retains at least 50 percent of its apparent viscosity after roller aging for 30 days at 375 degrees F. and measured at 120 degrees F.
33. Water soluble copolymer of claim 29 hydrated in a brine solution.
34. Water soluble copolymer comprising the polymerization reaction product of acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof and alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound, having weight average molecular weight of at least 1,000,000 and developing an apparent viscosity of at least 20 cPs., a plastic viscosity of at least cPs, and a yield point of at least 5 lbs./100 ft2 when substantially fully hydrated in cesium formate brine at a concentration of 2 pounds per barrel and measured at 120 degrees F.
35. Water soluble copolymer of claim 34 wherein the acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof is 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof.
36. Water soluble copolymer of claim 34 wherein the acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof is 2-methyl-2[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid or salt thereof.
37. Water soluble copolymer of claim 34 having a 5 to 95 wt. % structural units derived from 2-methyl-2[(-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid or salt thereof, and 5 to 95 wt. % structural units derived from 2-propanoic acid or salt thereof.
38. Water soluble copolymer of claim 34 having 40 to 80 wt. % structural units derived from 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof and 20 to 60 wt. % structural units derived from acrylamide, vinylpyrrolidone, acrylic acid or salt thereof.
39. Water soluble copolymer of claim 38 having 0 to 5 wt. % structural units derived from at least bifunctional cross-linking agent.
37. (canceled)
38. (canceled)
39. (canceled)
40. A composition comprising:
water soluble copolymer formed as the polymerization reaction product of acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof and alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound; and
alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid;
wherein the water soluble copolymer has 5 to 95 wt. % structural units derived from 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid or salt thereof, and 5 to 95 wt. % structural units derived from 2-propanoic acid or salt thereof.
41. The composition of claim 26 further comprising sodium salt of a carboxylic acid.
42. The composition of claim 26 further comprising potassium salt of a carboxylic acid.
43. The composition of claim 26 further comprising sodium salt of a carboxylic acid and potassium salt of a carboxylic acid.
Priority Applications (1)
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US10/714,548 US20050130846A1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2003-11-14 | Polymer compositions |
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US09/316,527 US6423802B1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 1999-05-21 | Water soluble copolymers and polymer compositions comprising same and use thereof |
US16578999P | 1999-11-16 | 1999-11-16 | |
US09/574,896 US6656989B1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2000-05-19 | Compositions comprising water soluble copolymer and cesium salt of a carboxylic acid |
US10/714,548 US20050130846A1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2003-11-14 | Polymer compositions |
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US09/574,896 Division US6656989B1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2000-05-19 | Compositions comprising water soluble copolymer and cesium salt of a carboxylic acid |
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US10/714,548 Abandoned US20050130846A1 (en) | 1999-05-21 | 2003-11-14 | Polymer compositions |
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AR (1) | AR030020A1 (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2374486A1 (en) |
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US20180022979A1 (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2018-01-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Crosslinked polymer compositions and methods for use in subterranean formation operations |
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Cited By (9)
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US20150000985A1 (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2015-01-01 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Crosslinked n-vinylpyrrolidone polymers for use in subterranean formations and wells |
US10017680B2 (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2018-07-10 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Crosslinked N-vinylpyrrolidone polymers for use in subterranean formations and wells |
US10676660B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2020-06-09 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Crosslinked N-vinylpyrrolidone polymers for use in subterranean formations and wells |
US10883037B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2021-01-05 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Crosslinked n-vinylpyrrolidone polymers for use in subterranean formations and wells |
US20180022979A1 (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2018-01-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Crosslinked polymer compositions and methods for use in subterranean formation operations |
US10752822B2 (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2020-08-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Crosslinked polymer compositions and methods for use in subterranean formation operations |
GB2549658B (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2021-12-08 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Crosslinked polymer compositions and methods for use in subterranean formation operations |
GB2549659B (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2021-12-22 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Methods of use for crosslinked polymer compositions in subterranean formation operations |
US11268006B2 (en) | 2015-02-23 | 2022-03-08 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Crosslinked polymer compositions and methods for use in subterranean formation operations |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20015658L (en) | 2002-01-17 |
CA2374486A1 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
AR030020A1 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
MXPA01011906A (en) | 2002-08-20 |
US6656989B1 (en) | 2003-12-02 |
EP1192233A1 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
NO20015658D0 (en) | 2001-11-20 |
AU779992B2 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
WO2000071635A1 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
AU5028700A (en) | 2000-12-12 |
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