WO2015068847A1

WO2015068847A1 - Antigen-binding molecule containing modified antibody variable region

Info

Publication number: WO2015068847A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/079785
Authority: WO
Inventors: 智之井川; 正次郎門野; 奈緒香廣庭; 実香櫻井
Original assignee: 中外製薬株式会社
Priority date: 2013-11-11
Filing date: 2014-11-11
Publication date: 2015-05-14
Also published as: TW201605900A; JPWO2015068847A1; CN113307873A; EP3070168A4; TWI652279B; EA201600354A1; US11739149B2; CA2929044A1; TW201919701A; JP2020196741A; CN105940107B; AU2014347565B2; KR102551410B1; US20160280787A1; TWI712421B; MX2016005762A; BR112016010025A2; JP2022191448A; KR20230104764A; EP3070168A1

Abstract

The inventors have succeeded in creating an antigen-binding molecule containing an antibody variable region, the molecule having binding activity to a molecule expressed on the surface of T cells and to a molecule expressed on the surface of another immune cell, but not binding simultaneously to both. The present invention enables the creation of an antigen-binding molecule that can prevent side effects that can occur when T cells and other immune cells crosslink, and provides an antigen-binding molecule that is suitable as a drug.

Description

Antigen-binding molecules comprising modified antibody variable regions

The present invention relates to a variable region of an antibody that can bind to two different antigens (first antigen and second antigen) but does not bind to both antigens at the same time, and a third antigen different from these antigens. An antigen-binding molecule comprising an antibody variable region that binds to a pharmaceutical composition, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antigen-binding molecule, and methods for producing them.

Antibodies are attracting attention as pharmaceuticals because of their high stability in plasma and fewer side effects (Nat. Biotechnol. (2005) 23, 1073-1078 (Non-Patent Document 1) and Eur J Pharm Biopharm. (2005) 59 (3), 389-396 (Non-Patent Document 2)). Antibodies are not only antigen-binding, agonistic and antagonistic, but also ADCC (Antibody Dependent Cytotoxicity), ADCP (Antibody Dependent Cell phagocytosis), CDC (complementary) It induces cytotoxic activity (also referred to as effector function) by effector cells such as body-dependent cytotoxic activity). In particular, since IgG1 subclass antibodies exhibit effector functions on cancer cells, many antibody drugs have been developed in the oncology region.

In order for an antibody to express ADCC, ADCP, and CDC, it is essential that the Fc region of the antibody binds to an antibody receptor (FcγR) and various complement components present in effector cells such as NK cells and macrophages. In humans, isoforms of FcγRIa, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIb, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb have been reported as protein families of FcγR, and allotypes of each have been reported (Immunol. Lett. (2002) 82, 57-65) Patent Document 3)). Among these isoforms, FcγRIa, FcγRIIa, and FcγRIIIa have a domain called ITAM (Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motif) in the intracellular domain and transmit an activation signal. On the other hand, only FcγRIIb has a domain called ITIM (Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Inhibitory Motif) in the intracellular domain and transmits an inhibitory signal. It is known that any FcγR transmits a signal by being cross-linked by an immune complex or the like (Nat. Rev. Immunol. (2008) 8, 34-47 (Non-patent Document 4)). In fact, when an antibody exerts an effector function on a cancer cell, FcγR on the effector cell membrane forms a cluster in the Fc region of the antibody that binds to the cancer cell membrane, and an activation signal is transmitted by the effector cell. Is done. As a result, the cell killing effect is exerted, but at this time, FcγR cross-linkage is limited to effector cells existing in the vicinity of cancer cells, indicating that immune activation occurs only in the local area of cancer cells. Yes. (Ann. Rev. Immunol. (1988). 6. 251-81 (non-patent document 5))

Natural immunoglobulins bind to antigens in the variable region, and to receptors and complements such as FcγR, FcRn, FcαR, and FcεR in the constant region. FcRn, one of the binding molecules that interact in the Fc region of IgG, binds one molecule to each antibody heavy chain, and it has been reported that two molecules of FcRn bind to one IgG antibody molecule. ing. However, unlike FcRn and the like, FcγR interacts with the hinge region and CH2 domain of an antibody, and binds only to one molecule of an IgG type antibody (J. Bio. Chem., (20001) 276, 16469). -16477). In addition, for the binding of FcγR to the Fc region of an antibody, several amino acid residues in the antibody hinge region and the CH2 domain and the sugar chain added to the 297th Asn at the EU numbering binding to the CH2 domain are important. (Chem. Immunol. (1997), 65, 88-110 (non-patent document 6), Eur. J. Immunol. (1993) 23, 1098-1104 (non-patent document 7), Immunol. (1995) 86, 319-324 (Non-patent Document 8)). Centering on this binding site, various Fc region mutants having various FcγR binding properties have been studied so far, and Fc region variants having higher binding activity to activated FcγR have been obtained (WO2000 / 042072 ( Patent Document 1), WO2006 / 019447 (Patent Document 2)). For example, Lazar et al. Reduced the binding activity of human IgG1 to human FcγRIIIa (V158) by substituting the 239th Ser of EU numbering of human IgG1, the Ala of 330, and the Ile of 332 with Asn, Leu, and Glu, respectively. (Proc. ことに Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. (2006) 103, 4005-4010 (non-patent document 9), WO2006 / 019447 (patent document 2)). This variant has a binding activity ratio (A / I ratio) to FcγRIIIa and FcγIIb of about 9 times that of the wild type. In addition, Shinkawa et al. Succeeded in increasing the binding activity to FcγRIIIa to about 100 times by deleting the sugar chain fucose added to 297th Asn of EU numbering (J. Biol. Chem. ( 2003) 278, 3466-3473 (Non-Patent Document 10)). By these methods, ADCC activity of human IgG1 can be greatly improved compared to natural human IgG1.

A normal natural IgG type antibody recognizes and binds to one epitope by its variable region (Fab), and therefore can bind to only one antigen. On the other hand, it is known that many types of proteins are involved in cancer and inflammation, and the proteins may have crosstalk. For example, it is known that some inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1 and IL6) are involved in immune diseases (Nat. Biotech., (2011) 28, 502-10 (Non-patent Document 11)). . In addition, it is known that other receptors are activated as one mechanism for acquiring drug resistance in cancer (EndocrocRelat Cancer (2006) 200613, 45-51 (Non-patent Document 12)). In such a case, a normal antibody that recognizes one epitope cannot inhibit a plurality of proteins.

As a molecule that inhibits multiple targets, an antibody that binds to two or more types of antigens per molecule (referred to as a bispecific antibody) has been studied. It is possible to confer binding activity to two different antigens (first antigen and second antigen) by improving the natural IgG antibody (MAbs. (2012) Mar 1, 4 (2)). Therefore, it not only has the effect of neutralizing two or more antigens with a single molecule, but also has the effect of enhancing antitumor activity by cross-linking cells with cytotoxic activity with cancer cells. So far, the molecular form of Bispecific antibodies includes molecules that have added an antigen binding site to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the antibody (DVD-Ig or scFv-IgG), and molecules that have two different Fab regions (common L Chain bispecific antibodies and hybrid hybridomas), molecules that recognize two antigens in one Fab region (Two-in-one IgG), and molecules that use the CH3 region loop site as a new antigen binding site (Fcab) have been reported. (Nat. Rev. (2010), 10, 301-316 (Non-Patent Document 13), Peds (2010), 23 (4), 289-297 (Non-Patent Document 14)). Since any bispecific antibody interacts with FcγR in the Fc region, the effector function of the antibody is conserved. Therefore, any antigen recognized by the Bispecific antibody binds simultaneously with FcγR and exhibits ADCC activity against cells expressing the antigen.

If any antigen recognized by the bispecific antibody is an antigen that is specifically expressed in cancer, it recognizes one antigen because it binds to any antigen and shows cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Efficient anticancer effect can be expected compared to conventional antibody drugs. However, when any one of the antigens recognized by the Bispecific antibody is expressed in normal tissues or cells that are expressed in immune cells, normal tissue damage and cytokine release are caused by cross-linking with FcγR. (J.JImmunol. (1999) Aug 1, 163 (3), 1246-52 (Non-patent Document 15)). As a result, strong side effects are induced.

For example, Catumaxomab is known as a Bispecific antibody that recognizes a protein expressed in T cells and a protein (cancer antigen) expressed in cancer cells. Catumaxomab binds to the CD3ε chain expressed in cancer antigen (EpCAM) and T cells by two Fabs, respectively. Catumaxomab induces cytotoxic activity by T cells by simultaneously binding cancer antigen and CD3ε, and induces cytotoxic activity by antigen-presenting cells such as NK cells and macrophages by simultaneously binding cancer antigen and FcγR. . By utilizing two cytotoxic activities, Catumaxomab has been shown to be highly therapeutic in malignant ascites by intraperitoneal administration and has been approved in Europe. (Cancer Reat Rev. (2010) Oct 36 (6), 67 458-67 (Non-patent Document 16)) Furthermore, an example of an antibody that reacts against cancer cells by the administration of Catumaxomab has been reported, and acquired immunity is induced (Future Oncol. (2012) Jan 8 (1), 73-85 (Non-patent Document 17)). From these results, antibodies that have both cytotoxic activity by T cells and actions by cells such as NK cells and macrophages via FcγR (especially called trifunctional antibodies) are expected to have strong antitumor effects and induction of acquired immunity. Has been.

However, since trifunctional antibody binds CD3ε and FcγR simultaneously even in the absence of cancer antigen, CD3ε-expressing T cells and FcγR-expressing cells are cross-linked even in the absence of cancer cells. And various cytokines are produced in large quantities. Due to the induction of production of various cytokines independent of cancer antigens, the administration of trifunctional antibodies is currently limited to the abdominal cavity (Cancer Treat Rev. 2010 Oct 36 (6), 458-67 (non-patent literature) 16)), systemic administration is extremely difficult due to serious cytokine storm-like side effects (Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2007 Sep; 56 (9): 1397-406 (Non-patent Document 18)).
In addition, in the bispecific antibody of the prior art, both the antigen of cancer antigen (EpCAM) as the first antigen and the antigen of CD3ε as the second antigen can bind simultaneously with FcγR. It is molecularly impossible to avoid such side effects due to simultaneous binding of antigen CD3ε.

In recent years, there has been provided an improved antibody that causes cytotoxic activity by T cells while avoiding side effects by using an Fc region with reduced binding activity to FcγR (WO2012 / 073985).
However, even such an antibody cannot act on two immune receptors, CD3ε and FcγR, while binding to a cancer antigen in terms of molecular structure.
Until now, no antibody has been known that can cause both cytotoxic activity by T cells and cytotoxic activity by cells other than T cells in a cancer antigen-specific manner while avoiding side effects.

WO2000 / 042072 WO2006 / 019447

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the problem is that one variable region has binding activity to two different antigens (first antigen and second antigen). An antigen-binding molecule comprising a variable region of an antibody that does not bind to these antigens simultaneously and a variable region that binds to an antigen different from these antigens (third antigen), a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antigen-binding molecule, The present invention also provides a method for producing the antigen-binding molecule.

The present inventors have conducted intensive research to solve the above problems. As a result, the present inventors have shown that variable regions of an antibody in which one variable region has binding activity to two different antigens (first antigen and second antigen) but does not bind to these antigens simultaneously. An antigen-binding molecule comprising a region and a variable region that binds to an antigen different from these antigens (third antigen), and utilizing the binding activity of the antigen-binding molecule to three different antigens, We have succeeded in enhancing the activity generated by the binding molecules. Furthermore, when using multispecific antigen-binding molecules so far as pharmaceuticals, it avoids cross-linking between the different cells caused by binding to antigens expressed on different cells, which may cause side effects. Succeeded in producing an antigen-binding molecule capable of

More specifically, the present invention relates to the following.
[1] a variable region of an antibody that can bind to a first antigen and a second antigen different from the first antigen, but does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen simultaneously, and An antigen binding molecule comprising a variable region that binds to a third antigen different from the first antigen and the second antigen.
[2] The heavy chain variable region can be bound to the first antigen and a second antigen different from the first antigen, but not simultaneously bound to the first antigen and the second antigen. An antigen-binding molecule comprising a variable region of an antibody in which amino acids have been modified.
[3] A variable region that does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen simultaneously is a variable region that does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen that are expressed on different cells, respectively. The antigen-binding molecule according to [1] or [2].
[4] The antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [1] to [3], further comprising an Fc region of the antibody.
[5] The antigen-binding molecule according to [4], wherein the Fc region has a reduced Fc region binding activity to FcγR compared to the Fc region of a natural human IgG1 antibody.
[6] The antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [1] to [5], which is a multispecific antibody.
[7] Any of [1] to [6], wherein the variable region of the antibody capable of binding to the first antigen and the second antigen is a variable region into which at least one amino acid modification has been introduced. The antigen-binding molecule described in 1.
[8] The antigen-binding molecule according to [7], wherein the modification is substitution or insertion of at least one amino acid.
[9] Substitution of the amino acid sequence of the variable region that binds to the first antigen to the amino acid sequence that binds to the second antigen, or the amino acid of the variable region that binds to the first antigen The antigen-binding molecule according to [7] or [8], which is an insertion of an amino acid sequence that binds to the second antigen into the sequence.
[10] The antigen-binding molecule according to [8] or [9], wherein the number of inserted amino acids is 1 to 25.
[11] The antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [7] to [10], wherein the amino acid to be modified is an amino acid of a CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, or FR3 region of an antibody variable region.
[12] The antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [7] to [11], wherein the amino acid to be modified is a loop region amino acid.
[13] The amino acids to be modified include Kabat numbering 31 to 35, 50 to 65, 71 to 74 and 95 to 102 of the heavy chain variable region of the antibody, and Kabat numbering 24 to 34, 50 to 56 and 89 of the light chain variable region. The antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [7] to [11], which is at least one amino acid selected from -97.
[14] Either one of the first antigen and the second antigen is a molecule that is specifically expressed on the surface of T cells, and the other antigen is expressed on the surface of T cells or other immune cells. The antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [1] to [13], which is a molecule.
[15] Either one of the first antigen or the second antigen is CD3, and the other antigen is FcγR, TLR, lectin, IgA, immune checkpoint molecule, TNF superfamily molecule, TNFR superfamily molecule or NK receptor The antigen-binding molecule according to [14], which is a molecule.
[16] The antigen-binding molecule according to [14] or [15], wherein the third antigen is a molecule expressed specifically in cancer tissue.
[17] A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [1] to [16] and a medically acceptable carrier.
[18] A method for producing the antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [1] to [16], comprising steps (i) to (iv):
(i) an antigen-binding molecule in which at least one amino acid of a variable region of an antibody that binds to the first antigen or the second antigen is modified, wherein at least one of the amino acids of the modified variable region is different from each other Creating a library of antigen binding molecules comprising the region,
(ii) an antigen comprising a variable region that has binding activity to the first antigen and the second antigen, but does not bind simultaneously with the first antigen and the second antigen, from the prepared library Selecting a binding molecule,
(iii) a host cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding the variable region of the antigen-binding molecule selected in step (ii) and / or a nucleic acid encoding the variable region of the antigen-binding molecule that binds to the third antigen. A variable region of an antibody that can bind to the first antigen and the second antigen, but does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen at the same time, and / or the third antigen. Expressing an antigen binding molecule comprising a variable region that binds; and
(iv) recovering the antigen-binding molecule from the host cell culture.
[19] The first antigen and the second antigen that are contained in the antigen-binding molecule selected in step (ii) and that do not bind simultaneously to the first antigen and the second antigen are expressed on different cells. The production method according to [18], which is a variable region that does not bind to two antigens simultaneously.
[20] The production method according to [18] or [19], wherein the host cell cultured in step (iii) further comprises a nucleic acid encoding the Fc region of the antibody.
[21] The production method of [20], wherein the Fc region has a reduced Fc region binding activity to FcγR compared to the Fc region of a natural human IgG1 antibody.
[22] The production method according to any one of [18] to [21], wherein the antigen-binding molecule to be produced is a multispecific antibody.
[23] The production method according to any one of [18] to [22], wherein at least one modified amino acid in the variable region in step (i) is a substituted or inserted amino acid.
[24] The production method according to [23], wherein the number of inserted amino acids is 1 to 25.
[25] The production method according to any one of [18] to [24], wherein the modification is an amino acid modification of a CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, or FR3 region of an antibody variable region.
[26] The production method according to any one of [18] to [25], wherein the modification is modification of an amino acid in a loop region.
[27] Modifications from Kabat numbering 31-35, 50-65, 71-74 and 95-102 of the heavy chain variable region of the antibody, and Kabat numbering 24-34, 50-56 and 89-97 of the light chain variable region The production method according to any one of [18] to [25], which is a modification of at least one selected amino acid.
[28] Either one of the first antigen and the second antigen is a molecule that is specifically expressed on the surface of T cells, and the other antigen is expressed on the surface of T cells or other immune cells. [18] The production method according to any one of [18] to [27], which is a molecule.
[29] Either one of the first antigen and the second antigen is CD3, and the other antigen is FcγR, TLR, IgA, lectin, immune checkpoint molecule, TNF superfamily molecule, TNFR superfamily molecule or NK receptor [28] The production method according to [28], which is a molecule.
[30] The production method according to [28] or [29], wherein the third antigen is a molecule expressed specifically in cancer tissue.
[31] A method for treating cancer, comprising a step of administering the antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [1] to [16].
[32] The antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [1] to [16] for use in the treatment of cancer.
[33] Use of the antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [1] to [16] in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for cancer.
[34] A process for producing a therapeutic agent for cancer, comprising a step of using the antigen-binding molecule according to any one of [1] to [16].
[35] Those skilled in the art will naturally understand that any combination of one or more of the above-described embodiments is also included in the present invention unless there is a technical contradiction based on the common general knowledge of those skilled in the art. The

It is a conceptual diagram of an antibody that binds to the first antigen and the second antigen but does not bind at the same time. It is a conceptual diagram of an antibody that does not cause cross-linking because it does not bind to two antigens simultaneously. It is a conceptual diagram of the antibody which does not bind | bond | couple two cells simultaneously, even if it couple | bonds simultaneously with two antigens. It is a conceptual diagram of the antibody which crosslinks a cancer cell and the T cell which is expressing the 1st receptor. It is a conceptual diagram of the antibody which crosslinks a cancer cell and the cell which is expressing the 2nd receptor. It is a conceptual diagram of an antibody that crosslinks cancer cells and immune cells but does not crosslink immune cells. It is a graph which shows the result of the cell ELISA with respect to CD3 (epsilon) of CE115. It is a figure which shows the molecular form of EGFR_ERY22_CE115. It is a graph which shows the TDCC result (SK-pca13a) of EGFR_ERY22_CE115. 2 is a graph showing the binding of humanized CE115 to CD3ε. It is a graph which shows the result of ECL-ELISA which detects the coupling | bonding to the integrin of RGD insertion CE115. It is a graph which shows the result of ECL-ELISA which detects the coupling | bonding to CD3 (epsilon) of RGD insertion CE115. It is a graph which shows the result of ECL-ELSIA which detects the simultaneous binding of RGD insertion CE115 to integrin and CD3ε. Results for variants that bind simultaneously are shown. It is a graph which shows the result of simultaneous coupling | bonding ECL-ELISA of RGD insertion CE115. Results for variants that do not bind simultaneously are shown. It is a graph which shows the result of ECL-ELISA which detects the coupling | bonding to TLR2 of TLR2 binding peptide insertion CE115. It is a graph which shows the result of ECL-ELISA which detects the coupling | bonding to T32-binding peptide insertion CE115 to CD3 (epsilon). It is a graph which shows the result of ECL-ELISA which detects simultaneous binding to TLR2 and CD3 of TLR2 binding peptide insertion CE115. It is an example of a sensorgram of an antibody having a binding amount ratio of less than 0.8. The vertical axis is the RU value (response), and the horizontal axis is the time. It is a figure which shows the coupling | bonding of Fab domain which phage displayed, and CD3 (epsilon) and IL6R. It is a figure which shows the coupling | bonding of Fab domain which phage displayed, CD3 (epsilon), and human IgA (hIgA). NC indicates binding to a plate on which no antigen is immobilized. It is a figure which shows the coupling | bonding with CD3 (epsilon) of a clone made into IgG, and human IgA (hIgA). It is a figure which shows that the binding of IgG-ized clone and human IgA is inhibited by CD3ε, and that the clone cannot bind simultaneously with human IgA (hIgA) and CD3ε. It is a figure which shows the coupling | bonding with Fab domain which phage displayed, CD3 (epsilon), and human CD154. NC indicates binding to a plate on which no antigen is immobilized. It is a figure which shows the coupling | bonding with CD3 (epsilon) of humanized clone, and human CD154. It is a figure which shows that the coupling | bonding of IgG clone and human CD154 was inhibited by CD3 (epsilon), and the said clone cannot bind simultaneously with human CD154 and CD3 (epsilon).

In the present invention, the “variable region of an antibody” usually means a region composed of four framework regions (FR) and three complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) sandwiched between them. As long as it has an activity of binding to a part or all of the partial sequence, the partial sequence is also included. Particularly preferred is a region comprising an antibody light chain variable region (VL) and an antibody heavy chain variable region (VH). The variable region of the antibody of the present invention may be of any sequence, mouse antibody, rat antibody, rabbit antibody, goat antibody, camel antibody, humanized antibody obtained by humanizing these non-human antibodies, and human It may be a variable region of an antibody of any origin, such as an antibody. “Humanized antibody” refers to an antibody derived from a mammal other than a human, also referred to as a reshaped human antibody, such as a complementarity determination region (CDR) of a mouse antibody to the CDR of a human antibody. It is transplanted. Methods for identifying CDRs are known (Kabat et al., Sequence of Proteins of Immunological Interest (1987), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md .; Chothia et al., Nature (1989) 342: 877) . In addition, general gene recombination techniques are also known (see European Patent Application Publication No. EP-125023 and WO96 / 02576).

The “variable region of the antibody” of the present invention does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen at the same time in the state where the variable region of the antibody of the present invention is bound to the first antigen. This means that it cannot bind to the second antigen, and conversely, when the variable region is bound to the second antigen, it cannot bind to the first antigen. Here, “does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen at the same time” means that the two cells of the cell expressing the first antigen and the cell expressing the second antigen are cross-linked. Or not simultaneously binding to the first and second antigens expressed in separate cells. Furthermore, when the first antigen and the second antigen are not expressed on the cell membrane as in the soluble protein, or both are present on the same cell, the first antigen and the second antigen Although it is possible to bind to both antigens at the same time, cases where they cannot be simultaneously bound are also included when they are expressed on different cells. The variable region of such an antibody is not particularly limited as long as it has the function. For example, the variable region of a variable region of an IgG-type antibody may be modified so that it binds to a desired antigen. An area can be mentioned. As the amino acid to be modified, for example, an amino acid that does not lose binding to the antigen by amino acid modification is selected from the variable region of the antibody that binds to the first antigen or the second antigen.
Here, “expressed on different cells” is only required to be expressed on different cells. As a combination of such cells, for example, a T cell and another T cell can be the same type of cell. There may be different types of cells such as T cells and NK cells.

The amino acid modification of the present invention may be used alone or in combination.
When used in combination, the number of combinations is not particularly limited, and can be set as appropriate within the range in which the object of the invention can be achieved. For example, 2 to 30 or less, preferably 2 to 25 or less, 2 2 or more and 20 or less, 2 or more and 15 or less, 2 or more and 10 or less, 2 or more and 5 or less, 2 or more and 3 or less.
In the case of combining a plurality, the amino acid modification may be added only to the heavy chain variable region or the light chain variable region of the antibody, or may be appropriately distributed to both the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region.

As long as the antigen-binding activity of the amino acid residue to be modified is maintained, modification of one or more amino acid residues in the variable region is allowed. When the amino acid of the variable region is modified, although not particularly limited, it is preferable that the binding activity of the antibody before modification is maintained, for example, 50% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably compared to before modification. Preferably has a binding activity of 100% or more. Further, the binding activity may be increased by amino acid modification. For example, the binding activity may be 2 times, 5 times, 10 times, etc., compared to before the modification.

Favorable regions for amino acid modification include a region exposed to the solvent in the variable region and a loop region. Of these, CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR3 region and loop region are preferable. Specifically, Kabat numbering 31 to 35, 50 to 65, 71 to 74, 95 to 102 of the heavy chain variable region, Kabat numbering 24 to 34, 50 to 56, 89 to 97 of the light chain variable region are preferable. More preferred are Kabat numbering 31, 52a-61, 71-74, 97-101 of the chain variable region, and Kabat numbering 24-34, 51-56, 89-96 of the L chain variable region. Further, at the time of amino acid modification, an amino acid that increases the binding activity with the antigen may be introduced together.

In the present invention, the “loop region” means a region where there are residues that are not involved in maintaining the β-barrel structure of immunoglobulin.
In the present invention, the amino acid modification means any one of substitution, deletion, addition, insertion, modification, or a combination thereof. In the present invention, amino acid modification can be rephrased as amino acid mutation and is used interchangeably.

When substituting an amino acid residue, the purpose is to modify, for example, the following points (a) to (c) by substituting with another amino acid residue. (a) the backbone structure of the polypeptide in the region of the sheet structure or helical structure; (b) the charge or hydrophobicity at the target site, or (c) the size of the side chain.
Amino acid residues are classified into the following groups based on general side chain properties: (1) Hydrophobicity: norleucine, met, ala, val, leu, ile; (2) Neutral hydrophilicity: cys, ser , Thr, asn, gln; (3) Acidity: asp, glu; (4) Basicity: his, lys, arg; (5) Residues that affect chain orientation: gly, pro; and (6) Aromatic Sex: trp, tyr, phe.

Substitution of amino acid residues within each of these groups is called conservative substitution, while substitution of amino acid residues between other groups is called non-conservative substitution.
The substitution in the present invention may be a conservative substitution, a non-conservative substitution, or a combination of a conservative substitution and a non-conservative substitution.

In addition, in order to modify amino acid residues, among the variable regions of antibodies that bind to the first antigen or the second antigen, amino acids that do not lose binding to the antigen by amino acid modification are randomly modified. Select a variable region that can bind to the first antigen and the second antigen, but cannot bind at the same time, or have a binding activity to the desired antigen in advance Also included are modifications that insert a known peptide into the above region. Examples of peptides known to have a binding activity for a desired antigen in advance include the peptides shown in Table 1.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the first antigen and a second antigen different from the first antigen can be bound, but the heavy antigen is not so bound to the first antigen and the second antigen at the same time. An antigen-binding molecule is provided that comprises an antibody variable region in which the amino acids of the chain variable region have been modified. For example, by introducing the above-described amino acid alteration (substitution, deletion, addition, insertion, or modification, or a combination thereof) into the heavy chain variable region, the first antigen and the first antigen An antibody variable region can be created that can bind to different second antigens but does not bind to the first and second antigens simultaneously. The position for introducing an amino acid modification is preferably a heavy chain variable region, and more preferable regions include a region exposed to a solvent in the variable region and a loop region. Of these, CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR3 region and loop region are preferable. Specifically, Kabat numbering 31 to 35, 50 to 65, 71 to 74, 95 to 102 of the heavy chain variable region is preferred, and Kabat numbering 31, 52a to 61, 71 to 74, 97 to 101 of the heavy chain variable region is preferable. Is more preferable. Further, at the time of amino acid modification, an amino acid that increases the binding activity with the antigen may be introduced together.

The variable region of the antibody of the present invention may be combined with known modifications in addition to the above modifications. For example, modification of pyroglutamic acid by pyroglutamylation of N-terminal glutamine of the variable region is a modification well known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the antibody of the present invention comprises a variable region in which the heavy chain is modified with pyroglutamic acid when the N-terminus of the heavy chain is glutamine.

In addition, for example, amino acid modifications may be further introduced into the variable regions of these antibodies in order to improve antigen binding, pharmacokinetics, stability, and antigenicity. The variable region of the antibody of the present invention may be capable of repeatedly binding to the antigen by adding a modification having pH-dependent binding properties to the antigen (WO / 2009/125825).

Further, for example, an amino acid modification that changes the binding activity to the antigen according to the concentration of the target tissue-specific compound can be added to the variable region that binds to the third antigen of these antibodies (WO2013 / 180200). ).

Furthermore, for example, modification of the variable region can increase binding activity, improve specificity, decrease pI, impart pH-dependent properties to antigen binding, improve binding thermal stability, improve solubility, modify chemical modification Stability, improved heterogeneity derived from sugar chains, avoidance of T cell epitopes identified using in silico prediction to reduce immunogenicity, or identified in assays using in vitro T cells, Alternatively, modifications aimed at introducing a T cell epitope that activates regulatory T cells can be performed (mAbs 3: 243-247, 2011).

Whether or not the variable region of the antibody of the present invention can bind to the first antigen and the second antigen can be measured using a known method.
For example, it can be measured by an electrochemiluminescence method (ECL method) (BMC Research Notes 2011, 4: 281).
Specifically, for example, a region capable of binding to the first antigen and the second antigen of a test antigen-binding molecule labeled with biotin, for example, a low molecular weight antibody consisting of a Fab region, or monovalent 1st or 2nd antigen labeled with a sulfo-tag (Ru complex) is mixed with a natural antibody (an antibody that does not have one of the two Fab regions of a normal antibody), and a streptavidin solid phase Add onto the crystallization plate. At this time, the test antigen-binding molecule labeled with biotin is bound to streptavidin on the plate. By emitting Sulfo-tag and detecting the luminescence signal using Sector Imager 600, 2400 (MSD), etc., the first antigen or the second antigen and the above-mentioned region of the test antigen binding molecule Can be confirmed.
It can also be measured by ELISA, FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting), ALPHA screen (Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay), BIACORE method using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon, etc. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2006) 103 (11), 4005-4010).

Specifically, it can be measured using, for example, Biacore® (GE® Healthcare), which is an interaction analysis device using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon. Biacore includes all models such as Biacore T100, T200, X100, A100, 4000, 3000, 2000, 1000, and C. Any sensor chip for Biacore such as CM7, CM5, CM4, CM3, C1, SA, NTA, L1, HPA, and Au chip can be used as the sensor chip. Protein A, Protein G, Protein L, anti-human IgG antibody, anti-human IgG-Fab, anti-human L supplementing the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention with a coupling method such as amine coupling, disulfide coupling, and aldehyde coupling on the sensor chip Proteins for supplementation such as chain antibodies, anti-human Fc antibodies, antigen proteins, and antigen peptides are immobilized. The first antigen or the second antigen is flowed there as an analyte, the interaction is measured, and a sensorgram is obtained. The concentration of the first antigen or the second antigen at this time can be carried out in the range of several μM to several pM according to the strength of interaction such as KD of the sample to be measured.

Also, not the antigen-binding molecule but the first antigen or the second antigen can be immobilized on the sensor chip, and the antibody sample to be evaluated can be allowed to interact therewith. From the dissociation constant (KD) value calculated from the sensorgram of the interaction or the degree of increase in sensorgram before and after the antigen-binding molecule sample is allowed to act, the antibody variable region of the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention has the first antigen or the first antigen. It can be determined whether or not it has binding activity to two antigens.

ALPHA screen is implemented based on the following principle by ALPHA technology using two beads of donor and acceptor. A luminescent signal is detected only when the molecule bound to the donor bead interacts biologically with the molecule bound to the acceptor bead and the two beads are in close proximity. A photosensitizer in the donor bead excited by the laser converts ambient oxygen into excited singlet oxygen. Singlet oxygen diffuses around the donor bead, and when it reaches the adjacent acceptor bead, it causes a chemiluminescence reaction in the bead, and finally light is emitted. When the molecule bound to the donor bead and the molecule bound to the acceptor bead do not interact, the chemiluminescence reaction does not occur because the singlet oxygen produced by the donor bead does not reach the acceptor bead.

When one of the substances (ligands) for observing the interaction is fixed on the gold thin film of the sensor chip and light is applied from the back side of the sensor chip so that it is totally reflected at the interface between the gold thin film and the glass, part of the reflected light A portion (SPR signal) where the reflection intensity is reduced is formed. When the other substance (analyte) that observes the interaction is flowed to the surface of the sensor chip and the ligand and the analyte bind, the mass of the immobilized ligand molecule increases and the refractive index of the solvent on the sensor chip surface changes. To do. This change in refractive index shifts the position of the SPR signal (conversely, when the bond dissociates, the signal position returns). The Biacore system takes the shift amount, that is, the mass change at the sensor chip surface on the vertical axis, and displays the time change of mass as measurement data (sensorgram). The amount of analyte binding to the ligand captured on the sensor chip surface from the sensorgram (the amount of change in the response on the sensorgram before and after the interaction of the analyte) is determined. However, since the amount of binding also depends on the amount of ligand, it is necessary to compare under the condition that the amount of ligand can be regarded as essentially the same amount. Further, the kinetics: association rate constant (ka) and dissociation rate constant (kd) are obtained from the curve of the sensorgram, and the affinity (KD) is obtained from the ratio of the constants. In the BIACORE method, an inhibition measurement method is also preferably used. Examples of inhibition assays are described in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2006) 103 (11), 4005-4010.

Whether or not the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention "does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen at the same time" is confirmed after having confirmed the binding activity to the first antigen and the second antigen. Whether the antigen-binding molecule containing the variable region having the binding activity has binding activity for the remaining one after binding either the first antigen or the second antigen in advance. Can be confirmed by measuring using the method described above.
In addition, measuring whether the binding of the antigen-binding molecule to either the first antigen or the second antigen immobilized on the ELISA plate or the sensor chip is inhibited by adding the other to the solution. Can also be confirmed.

Specifically, for example, when using the ECL method, a first antigen labeled with a sulfo-tag (Ru complex) and a second antigen unlabeled are prepared in a test antigen-binding molecule labeled with biotin. . When the test antigen-binding molecule can bind to the first antigen and the second antigen, but does not bind simultaneously with the first antigen and the second antigen, in the absence of the unlabeled second antigen Then, when a mixture of the test antigen-binding molecule and the first antigen is added to the streptavidin-immobilized plate and the Sulfo-tag is caused to emit light, the luminescence signal is detected. In the presence of the second antigen, , The luminescence signal decreases. Relative binding activity can be determined by quantifying this decrease in signal issued.

In the case of the ALPHA screen, in the absence of a competing second antigen, the test antigen-binding molecule interacts with the first antigen to generate a signal of 520-620 nm. The untagged second antigen competes with the interaction between the test antigen binding molecule and the first antigen. Relative binding activity can be determined by quantifying the decrease in fluorescence that results from competition. It is known that a polypeptide is biotinylated using Sulfo-NHS-biotin or the like. As a method of tagging the first antigen with GST, the first antigen is expressed in a cell or the like holding a vector capable of expressing a fusion gene in which a polynucleotide encoding the first antigen and a polynucleotide encoding GST are fused in frame. In addition, a purification method using a glutathione column can be appropriately employed. The obtained signal is suitably analyzed by fitting to a one-site competition model using nonlinear regression analysis using software such as GRAPHPAD PRISM (GraphPad, San Diego). At this time, the same analysis can be performed by tagging the second antigen and not tagging the first antigen.
Further, a method using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) can be used. FRET is a phenomenon in which excitation energy moves directly between two adjacent fluorescent molecules by electron resonance. When FRET occurs, the excitation energy of the donor (excited fluorescent molecule) is transferred to the acceptor (another fluorescent molecule in the vicinity of the donor), and the fluorescence emitted from the donor disappears (exactly the fluorescence lifetime). Instead, fluorescence is emitted from the acceptor instead. It is possible to analyze whether this is a dual-Fab using this phenomenon. For example, when the first antigen introduced with a fluorescent donor and the second antigen introduced with a fluorescent acceptor are simultaneously bound to a test antigen-binding molecule, the donor's fluorescence disappears and the acceptor emits fluorescence. A change in fluorescence wavelength occurs. Such an antibody is judged not to be dual-Fab. On the other hand, when the first antigen, the second antigen, and the test antigen binding molecule are mixed, if the fluorescence wavelength of the fluorescent donor bound to the first antigen does not change, the test antigen binding molecule is It can be said that it is dual-Fab.

In addition, for example, a test antigen-binding molecule labeled with biotin on the donor bead is bound to streptavidin on the donor bead, and a first antigen tagged with glutathione S-transferase (GST) is bound to the acceptor bead. The In the absence of competing second antigen, the test antigen binding molecule and the first antigen interact to produce a signal of 520-620 nm. The untagged second antigen competes with the interaction between the test antigen binding molecule and the first antigen. Relative binding activity can be determined by quantifying the decrease in fluorescence that results from competition. It is known that a polypeptide is biotinylated using Sulfo-NHS-biotin or the like. As a method of tagging the first antigen with GST, the first antigen is expressed in a cell or the like holding a vector capable of expressing a fusion gene in which a polynucleotide encoding the first antigen and a polynucleotide encoding GST are fused in frame. In addition, a purification method using a glutathione column can be appropriately employed. The obtained signal is suitably analyzed by fitting to a one-site competition model using nonlinear regression analysis using software such as GRAPHPAD PRISM (GraphPad, San Diego).

The tagging is not limited to GST, and any tag such as histidine tag, MBP, CBP, Flag tag, HA tag, V5 tag, c-myc tag, etc. may be used. Further, the binding of the test antigen binding molecule to the donor bead is not limited to the binding using the biotin-streptavidin reaction. In particular, when the test antigen-binding molecule contains Fc, a method of binding the test antigen-binding molecule via an Fc recognition protein such as Protein A or Protein G on the donor bead can be considered.

In addition, when the first antigen and the second antigen are not expressed on the cell membrane like a soluble protein, or when both are present on the same cell, the first antigen and the second antigen Can be simultaneously bound to both antigens, but when they are expressed on different cells, the case where they cannot be bound simultaneously can also be measured by using a known method.
Specifically, cells that express the first antigen and cells that express the second antigen, respectively, even when positive by ECL-ELISA that detects simultaneous binding to the first antigen and the second antigen. When the test antigen-binding molecules are mixed, if these three do not bind simultaneously, it can be shown that they cannot bind simultaneously when expressed on different cells. For example, it can be measured by an ECL-ELISA method using cells. Cells that express the first antigen are immobilized on a plate in advance and bound to the test antigen-binding molecule, and then cells that express the second antigen are added. By using a sulfo-tag-labeled antibody to detect another antigen that is expressed only in cells that express the second antigen, the signal is displayed when the two antigens expressed on the two cells are bound simultaneously. If observed and not bound simultaneously, no signal is observed.
Alternatively, it can be measured by the alphascreen method. When a test antigen-binding molecule is mixed with a cell expressing a first antigen bound to a donor bead, a cell expressing a second antigen bound to an acceptor bead, A signal is observed when bound simultaneously with two antigens, and no signal is observed when bound simultaneously.
Alternatively, it can be measured by an interaction analysis method using Octet. First, cells expressing a first antigen to which a peptide tag has been added are bound to a biosensor that recognizes a peptide tag. When an interaction analysis is performed in a well containing a second antigen-expressing cell and a test antigen-binding molecule, if the two antigens expressed on two cells are bound simultaneously, the test antigen binding A large wavelength shift is observed when the cell expressing the molecule and the second antigen binds to the biosensor. If the cells do not bind simultaneously, only the test antigen-binding molecule binds to the biosensor, so a small wavelength shift is observed. Is done.

Alternatively, measurement based on biological activity is possible instead of binding activity. For example, when a cell that expresses a first antigen, a cell that expresses a second antigen, and a test antigen-binding molecule are mixed and cultured, the two antigens expressed on two cells are bound simultaneously. Since they are mutually activated via the test antigen-binding molecule, changes in the activation signal such as an increase in phosphorylation downstream of each antigen can be detected. Alternatively, since cytokine production is induced as a result of activation, it is possible to determine whether or not to bind to two cells simultaneously by measuring the amount of cytokine production.

In the present invention, the “Fc region” refers to a region containing a fragment consisting of a hinge region or a part thereof, CH2 and CH3 domains in an antibody molecule. The Fc region of the IgG class is EU numbering (also referred to herein as EU INDEX) and means, for example, from the 226th cysteine to the C terminus, or from the 230th proline to the C terminus, but is not limited thereto. Fc region is suitably obtained by re-elution of the fraction adsorbed on the protein A column or protein G column after partial digestion of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 monoclonal antibody, etc. with a protease such as pepsin Can be done. Such proteolytic enzymes are not particularly limited as long as full-length antibodies can be digested so that Fab and F (ab ') ₂ can be produced in a limited manner by appropriately setting the reaction conditions of the enzyme such as pH. For example, pepsin, papain, etc. can be illustrated.

The “antigen-binding molecule” in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the “antibody variable region” of the present invention, and further includes peptides and proteins having a length of about 5 amino acids or more. Also good. The polypeptide is not limited to biologically derived peptides or proteins, and may be, for example, a polypeptide having an artificially designed sequence. Moreover, any of natural polypeptide, synthetic polypeptide, recombinant polypeptide, etc. may be sufficient.

As a preferred example of the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention, an antigen-binding molecule containing an antibody Fc region can be mentioned.

As the “Fc region” of the present invention, for example, an Fc region derived from natural IgG can be used. Here, the natural IgG means a polypeptide belonging to the class of antibodies that includes the same amino acid sequence as IgG found in nature and is substantially encoded by an immunoglobulin gamma gene. For example, natural human IgG means natural human IgG1, natural human IgG2, natural human IgG3, natural human IgG4, and the like. Naturally-occurring IgG includes naturally occurring mutants. As constant regions of human IgG1, human IgG2, human IgG3, and human IgG4 antibodies, a plurality of allotype sequences due to gene polymorphisms are described in Sequences of proteins of immunological interest, NIH Publication No.91-3242. Any of them may be used. In particular, the sequence of human IgG1 may be DEL or EEM as the amino acid sequence of EU numbering 356-358.

Examples of Fc regions of antibodies include IgA1, IgA2, IgD, IgE, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgM type Fc regions. As the Fc region of the antibody of the present invention, for example, an Fc region derived from a natural human IgG antibody can be used. As the Fc region of the present invention, for example, a constant region of natural IgG, specifically, a constant region originating from natural human IgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 1), a constant region originating from natural human IgG2 (sequence) No. 2), a constant region derived from natural human IgG3 (SEQ ID NO: 3), and an Fc region derived from a constant region derived from natural human IgG4 (SEQ ID NO: 4). The constant region of natural IgG includes mutants naturally occurring therefrom.

The Fc region of the present invention is particularly preferably an Fc region with reduced binding activity to the Fcγ receptor. Here, the Fcγ receptor (which may be described as Fcγ receptor, FcγR or Fcγ receptor in the present specification) refers to a receptor that can bind to the Fc region of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4. By any member of the family of proteins encoded by the Fcγ receptor gene. In humans, this family includes FcγRI (CD64), including isoforms FcγRIa, FcγRIb and FcγRIc; isoforms FcγRIIa (including allotypes H131 (H) and R131 (R)), FcγRIIb (FcγRIIb-1 and FcγRIIb- FcγRII (CD32) including FcγRIIc (including 2) and FcγRIII (CD16) including isoforms FcγRIIIa (including allotypes V158 and F158) and FcγRIIIb (including allotypes FcγRIIIb-NA1 and FcγRIIIb-NA2), and any undiscovered Human FcγRs or FcγR isoforms or allotypes, but are not limited to these. FcγR includes, but is not limited to, those derived from human, mouse, rat, rabbit and monkey, and may be derived from any organism. Mouse FcγRs include FcγRI (CD64), FcγRII (CD32), FcγRIII (CD16) and FcγRIII-2 (CD16-2), as well as any undiscovered mouse FcγRs or FcγR isoforms or allotypes. It is not limited to. Suitable examples of such Fcγ receptors include human FcγRI (CD64), FcγRIIa (CD32), FcγRIIb (CD32), FcγRIIIa (CD16) and / or FcγRIIIb (CD16).

FcγR has an active receptor having an ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) and an inhibitory receptor having an ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif). FcγR is classified into FcγRI, FcγRIIa R, FcγRIIa H, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb active FcγR, and FcγRIIb inhibitory FcγR.
The polynucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of FcγRI are NM_000566.3 and NP_000557.1, respectively.The polynucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of FcγRIIa are BC020823.1 and AAH20823.1, respectively.The polynucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of FcγRIIb are BC146678.1 and AAI46679.1, respectively, FcγRIIIa polynucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence are BC033678.1 and AAH33678.1, respectively, and FcγRIIIb polynucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence are BC128562.1 and AAI28563.1, respectively. It is listed (RefSeq registration number). FcγRIIa has two gene polymorphisms in which the 131st amino acid of FcγRIIa is substituted with histidine (H type) or arginine (R type) (J. Exp. Med, 172, 19-25, 1990). In addition, FcγRIIb has two gene polymorphisms in which the 232nd amino acid of FcγRIIb is replaced with isoleucine (type I) or threonine (type T) (Arthritis. Rheum. 46: 1242-1254 (2002) ). In addition, FcγRIIIa has two gene polymorphisms in which the 158th amino acid of FcγRIIIa is substituted with valine (V type) or phenylalanine (F type) (J. Clin. Invest. 100 (5): 1059 -1070 (1997)). FcγRIIIb has two gene polymorphisms, NA1 type and NA2 type (J. Clin. Invest. 85: 1287-1295 (1990)).

Whether Fcγ receptor binding activity is reduced should be confirmed by well-known methods such as FACS, ELISA format, ALPHA screen (Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay) and BIACORE method using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2006) 103 (11), 4005-4010).
The ALPHA screen is implemented according to the following principle by ALPHA technology using two beads of donor and acceptor. A molecule bound to the donor bead interacts biologically with the molecule bound to the acceptor bead, and a luminescent signal is detected only when the two beads are in close proximity. A photosensitizer in the donor bead excited by the laser converts ambient oxygen into excited singlet oxygen. Singlet oxygen diffuses around the donor bead, and when it reaches the adjacent acceptor bead, it causes a chemiluminescence reaction in the bead, and finally light is emitted. When the molecule bound to the donor bead and the molecule bound to the acceptor bead do not interact, the chemiluminescence reaction does not occur because the singlet oxygen produced by the donor bead does not reach the acceptor bead.

For example, an antigen-binding molecule labeled with biotin is bound to the donor bead, and an Fcγ receptor tagged with glutathione S-transferase (GST) is bound to the acceptor bead. In the absence of competing mutant Fc regions, antigen-binding molecules with wild-type Fc regions interact with Fcγ receptors to produce signals of 520-620 nm. An antigen-binding molecule having a mutated Fc region that is not tagged competes with the interaction between an antigen-binding molecule having a wild-type Fc region and the Fcγ receptor. Relative binding affinity can be determined by quantifying the decrease in fluorescence that results from competition. It is known to biotinylate antigen-binding molecules such as antibodies using Sulfo-NHS-biotin or the like. As a method of tagging Fcγ receptor with GST, it is expressed in a cell or the like holding a vector capable of expressing a fusion gene in which a polynucleotide encoding Fcγ receptor and a polynucleotide encoding GST are fused in frame, A method of purification using a glutathione column can be appropriately employed. The obtained signal is suitably analyzed by fitting to a one-site competition model using nonlinear regression analysis using software such as GRAPHPAD PRISM (GraphPad, San Diego).

When one of the substances (ligands) for observing the interaction is fixed on the gold thin film of the sensor chip and light is applied from the back side of the sensor chip so that it is totally reflected at the interface between the gold thin film and the glass, part of the reflected light A portion (SPR signal) where the reflection intensity is reduced is formed. When the other substance (analyte) that observes the interaction is flowed to the surface of the sensor chip and the ligand and the analyte bind, the mass of the immobilized ligand molecule increases and the refractive index of the solvent on the sensor chip surface changes. To do. This change in refractive index shifts the position of the SPR signal (conversely, when the bond dissociates, the signal position returns). The Biacore system takes the shift amount, that is, the mass change at the sensor chip surface on the vertical axis, and displays the time change of mass as measurement data (sensorgram). Kinetics: association rate constant (ka) and dissociation rate constant (kd) are obtained from the sensorgram curve, and affinity (KD) is obtained from the ratio of the constants. In the BIACORE method, an inhibition measurement method is also preferably used. Examples of inhibition assays are described in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2006) 103 (11), 4005-4010.

In the present specification, the fact that the binding activity to the Fcγ receptor is reduced is, for example, based on the above analysis method, compared to the binding activity of the antigen-binding molecule containing the Fc region as a control, compared to the test antigen binding Binding activity of molecules is 50% or less, preferably 45% or less, 40% or less, 35% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less, 15% or less, particularly preferably 10% or less, 9% or less, 8% or less 7% or less, 6% or less, 5% or less, 4% or less, 3% or less, 2% or less, or 1% or less.
As a control antigen-binding molecule, an antigen-binding molecule having an Fc region of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 monoclonal antibody can be used as appropriate. The structure of the Fc region is as follows. RefSeq registration number CAA27268.1 with an A added at the N terminus), SEQ ID NO: 4 (RefSeq registration number AAB59394.1 with an N added at the N ending). In addition, when an antigen-binding molecule having a variant of the Fc region of an antibody of a specific isotype is used as a test substance, the antigen-binding molecule having the Fc region of the antibody of the specific isotype is used as a control. The effect of the mutation of the mutant on the binding activity to the Fcγ receptor is verified. As described above, an antigen-binding molecule having a variant of the Fc region that has been verified to have reduced binding activity to the Fcγ receptor is appropriately prepared.

Examples of such variants include deletion of amino acids 231A-238S identified according to EU numbering (WO 2009/011941), C226S, C229S, P238S, (C220S) (J. Rheumatol (2007) 34, 11), C226S, C229S (Hum.Antibod.Hybridomas (1990) 1 (1), 47-54), C226S, C229S, E233P, L234V, L235A (Blood (2007) 109, 1185-1192) It is known.
That is, among the amino acids constituting the Fc region of an antibody of a specific isotype, any one of the following amino acids specified according to EU numbering: positions 220, 226, 229, 231, 232, 233, 234 , 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 264, 265, 266, 267, 269, 270, 295, 296, 297, 297, 298, 299 Preferred examples include antigen-binding molecules having Fc regions in which the position, position 300, position 325, position 327, position 328, position 329, position 330, position 331, and position 332 are substituted. The isotype of the antibody that is the origin of the Fc region is not particularly limited, and an Fc region originating from an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 monoclonal antibody can be used as appropriate, but an Fc region originating from a natural human IgG1 antibody It is preferably used.
For example, among the amino acids constituting the Fc region of IgG1 antibody, one of the following substitutions specified according to EU numbering (position of amino acid residue specified according to EU numbering, one-letter amino acid positioned before the number) The symbol is the amino acid residue before substitution, and the one-letter amino acid symbol located after the number represents the amino acid residue before substitution);
(A) L234F, L235E, P331S,
(B) C226S, C229S, P238S,
(C) C226S, C229S,
(D) C226S, C229S, E233P, L234V, L235A
Or an antigen-binding molecule having an Fc region in which the amino acid sequence from positions 231 to 238 has been deleted can be used as appropriate.

In addition, among the amino acids constituting the Fc region of IgG2 antibody, one of the following substitutions specified according to EU numbering (position of amino acid residue specified according to EU numbering, one-letter amino acid positioned before the number) The symbol is the amino acid residue before substitution, and the one-letter amino acid symbol located after the number represents the amino acid residue before substitution);
(E) H268Q, V309L, A330S, P331S
(F) V234A
(G) G237A
(H) V234A, G237A
(I) A235E, G237A
(J) V234A, A235E, G237A
Antigen-binding molecules having an Fc region that has been subjected to can be used as appropriate.

In addition, among the amino acids constituting the Fc region of IgG3 antibody, one of the following substitutions specified according to EU numbering (number of amino acid residue specified according to EU numbering, one-letter amino acid located before the number) The symbol is the amino acid residue before substitution, and the one-letter amino acid symbol located after the number represents the amino acid residue before substitution);
(K) F241A
(L) D265A
(M) V264A
Antigen-binding molecules having an Fc region that has been subjected to can be used as appropriate.

In addition, among the amino acids constituting the Fc region of IgG4 antibody, one of the following substitutions specified according to EU numbering (position of amino acid residue specified according to EU numbering, one-letter amino acid located before the number) The symbol is the amino acid residue before substitution, and the one-letter amino acid symbol located after the number represents the amino acid residue before substitution);
(N) L235A, G237A, E318A
(O) L235E
(P) F234A, L235A
Antigen-binding molecules having an Fc region that has been subjected to can be used as appropriate.

As another preferred example, among the amino acids constituting the Fc region of the natural human IgG1 antibody, any one of the following amino acids specified according to EU numbering: 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 327 Examples include antigen-binding molecules having Fc regions in which the EU numbering is substituted with the corresponding amino acids in the corresponding IgG2 or IgG4 at positions 330, 331.

As other preferred examples, among the amino acids constituting the Fc region of the natural human IgG1 antibody, any one or more of the following amino acids specified according to EU numbering; positions 234, 235, and 297 are the other amino acids. Preferred examples include antigen-binding molecules having an Fc region substituted with an amino acid. The type of amino acid present after the substitution is not particularly limited, but an antigen-binding molecule having an Fc region in which any one or more amino acids at positions 234, 235, and 297 are substituted with alanine is particularly preferable.

As another preferred example, among the amino acids constituting the Fc region of IgG1 antibody, any one of the following amino acids specified according to EU numbering; an antigen-binding molecule having an Fc region substituted at position 265 with another amino acid Preferably mentioned. The type of amino acid present after the substitution is not particularly limited, but an antigen-binding molecule having an Fc region in which the amino acid at position 265 is substituted with alanine is particularly preferable.

In addition, as a preferred embodiment of the “antigen-binding molecule” of the present invention, a multispecific antibody containing the variable region of the antibody of the present invention can be mentioned.

For the purpose of associating multispecific antibodies, undesired heavy chains are introduced by introducing a charge repulsion at the interface of the second constant region (CH2) of the antibody heavy chain or the third constant region (CH3) of the heavy chain. A technique for suppressing the association between each other can be applied (WO2006 / 106905).
In the technique of suppressing unintentional association of H chains by introducing charge repulsion to the CH2 or CH3 interface, amino acid residues that contact at the interface of other constant regions of the H chain include, for example, EU in the CH3 region Numbering region 356, EU numbering 439th residue, EU numbering 357th residue, EU numbering 370th residue, EU numbering 399th residue, EU numbering 409th residue Can be mentioned.

More specifically, for example, in an antibody comprising two types of H chain CH3 regions, 1 selected from the set of amino acid residues shown in the following (1) to (3) in the first H chain CH3 region: A group to three sets of amino acid residues can be an antibody having the same kind of charge;） (1) amino acid residues contained in the H chain CH3 region, and amino acid residues at positions 356 and 439 of EU numbering; (2) Amino acid residues contained in the H chain CH3 region, amino acid residues at positions 357 and 370 of the EU numbering, and (3) Amino acid residues contained in the H chain CH3 region, comprising the EU numbering at position 399. And amino acid residue at position 409.

Further, a set of amino acid residues selected from the set of amino acid residues shown in the above (1) to (3) in a second H chain CH3 region different from the first H chain CH3 region, One to three amino acid residues corresponding to the amino acid residue groups shown in (1) to (3) having the same kind of charge in the first H chain CH3 region are the first H chain CH3 region. The antibody may have an opposite charge to the corresponding amino acid residue in.

The amino acid residues described in (1) to (3) above are close to each other when they are associated. A person skilled in the art finds a site corresponding to the amino acid residue described in (1) to (3) above by using homology modeling using commercially available software for the desired H chain CH3 region or H chain constant region. As appropriate, the amino acid residue at the site can be subjected to modification.

In the above antibody, the “charged amino acid residue” is preferably selected from, for example, amino acid residues included in any of the following groups (a) or (b);
(A) glutamic acid (E), aspartic acid (D),
(B) Lysine (K), arginine (R), histidine (H).

In the above antibody, “having the same kind of charge” means, for example, that two or more amino acid residues each have an amino acid residue included in any one group of (a) or (b). Means that. “Having an opposite charge” means, for example, an amino acid residue in which at least one amino acid residue of two or more amino acid residues is included in any one group of the above (a) or (b) Means that the remaining amino acid residues have amino acid residues contained in different groups.

In a preferred embodiment, in the antibody, the first H chain CH3 region and the second H chain CH3 region may be cross-linked by a disulfide bond.
The amino acid residues to be modified in the present invention are not limited to the above-described antibody variable region or antibody constant region amino acid residues. A person skilled in the art can find amino acid residues that form an interface for polypeptide variants or heterologous multimers by homology modeling using commercially available software, etc. Amino acid residues can be subjected to modification.

Furthermore, other known techniques can be used for associating the multispecific antibody of the present invention. Replace the amino acid side chain present in the variable region of one H chain of an antibody with a larger side chain (knob), and replace the amino acid side chain present in the opposite variable region of the other H chain with a smaller side chain By substituting (hole; void), it is possible to efficiently cause association between polypeptides having different amino acids having Fc regions by allowing protrusions to be arranged in the void (WO1996 / 027011, Ridgway JB et al., Protein Engineering (1996) 9, 617-621, Merchant AM et al. Nature Biotechnology (1998) 16, 677-681).

In addition to this, other known techniques can also be used to form the multispecific antibody of the present invention. A strand-in which the part of CH3 of one H chain of an antibody is converted to an IgA-derived sequence corresponding to that part, and the sequence derived from IgA corresponding to that part is introduced into the complementary part of CH3 of the other H chain By using exchange engineered domain CH3, association of polypeptides with different sequences can be efficiently caused by complementary association of CH3 (Protein Engineering Design & Selection, 23; 195-202, 2010). Even using this known technique, the target multispecific antibody can be efficiently formed.

In addition, for the formation of multispecific antibodies, antibody production techniques using association of CH1 and CL of the antibody described in WO2011 / 028952, association of VH and VL, as described in WO2008 / 119353 and WO2011 / 131746 A technique for producing bispecific antibodies using separately prepared monoclonal antibodies (Fab Arm Exchange), a technique for controlling the association between CH3 of antibody heavy chains described in WO2012 / 058768 and WO2013 / 063702, WO2012 Technology for producing bispecific antibodies composed of two types of light chains and one type of heavy chain described in / 023053, described in Christoph et al. (Nature Biotechnology Vol. 31, p 753-758 (2013)) A technique for producing a bispecific antibody using two bacterial cell lines that respectively express one chain of an antibody consisting of one H chain and one L chain can also be used. In addition to the above-described association technique, a light chain that forms a variable region that binds to the first epitope and a light chain that forms a variable region that binds to the second epitope are each bound to the first epitope. CrossMab technology (Scaefer et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Sci.), Known as the association of heterogeneous light chains that associate with the heavy chain that forms the variable region and the heavy chain that forms the variable region that binds to the second epitope. USA (2011) 108, 11187-11192)) can also be used to make multispecific or multiparatopic antigen binding molecules provided by the present invention. As a technology for producing bispecific antibodies using separately prepared monoclonal antibodies, the heterogeneity of antibodies can be achieved by placing monoclonal antibodies substituted with specific amino acids in the heavy chain CH3 region under reducing conditions. And a method for obtaining a desired bispecific antibody. Preferable amino acid substitution sites in the method include, for example, the EU numbering 392rd residue and EU numbering 397th residue in the CH3 region. Furthermore, by using an antibody in which 1 to 3 amino acid residues selected from the amino acid residue groups shown in the following (1) to (3) in the first H chain CH3 region have the same kind of charge: Dual-characteristic antibodies can also be made; (1) amino acid residues contained in the H chain CH3 region, EU numbering amino acids 356 and 439, (2) contained in the H chain CH3 region Amino acid residues, EU numbering amino acid residues at positions 357 and 370, (3) amino acid residues contained in the H chain CH3 region, EU numbering amino acid residues at positions 399 and 409. Further, a set of amino acid residues selected from the set of amino acid residues shown in the above (1) to (3) in a second H chain CH3 region different from the first H chain CH3 region, One to three amino acid residues corresponding to the amino acid residue groups shown in (1) to (3) having the same kind of charge in the first H chain CH3 region are the first H chain CH3 region. An antibody having a charge opposite to that of the corresponding amino acid residue in can be used to produce a dual-characteristic antibody.

Even when the target multispecific antibody cannot be efficiently formed, the multispecific antibody of the present invention can also be obtained by separating and purifying the target multispecific antibody from the produced antibody. It is possible to obtain sex antibodies. For example, by introducing amino acid substitutions in the variable regions of two types of H chains and adding isoelectric point differences, a method has been reported that makes it possible to purify two types of homozygote and the desired heteroantibody by ion exchange chromatography. (WO2007114325). In addition, as a method for purifying heterozygotes, a method for purifying a heterodimerized antibody consisting of a mouse IgG2a H chain that binds to protein A and a rat IgG2b H chain that does not bind to protein A by using protein A so far Has been reported (WO98050431, WO95033844). Furthermore, by using H chains in which the amino acid residues at the 435th and 436th EU numbering, which are the binding sites of IgG and Protein A, are substituted with amino acids having different binding powers to Protein A such as Tyr and His, By changing the interaction with Protein A and using a Protein A column, it is possible to efficiently purify only the heterodimerized antibody.

These technologies can be used in combination, for example, two or more. These techniques can also be applied separately to the two H chains to be associated as appropriate. The antigen-binding molecule of the present invention may be prepared by separately producing an antigen-binding molecule having the same amino acid sequence based on the above-described modification.

The amino acid sequence can be modified by various methods known in the art. These methods include, but are not limited to, site-directed mutagenesis (Hashimoto-Gotoh, T, Mizuno, T, Ogasahara, Y, and Nakagawa, M. (1995) An oligodeoxyribonucleotide- directed dual amber method for site-directed mutagenesis. Gene 152, 271-275, Zoller, MJ, and Smith, M. (1983) Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of DNA fragments cloned into M13 vectors.Methods Enzymol- 100, Kramer, W, Drutsa, V, Jansen, HW, Kramer, B, Pflugfelder, M, and Fritz, HJ (1984) The gapped duplex DNA approach to oligonucleotide-directed mutation construction. Nucleic Acids Res. 456,9441 W, and Fritz HJ (1987) Oligonucleotide-directed construction of mutations via gapped duplex DNA Methods. Enzymol. 154, 350-367, Kunkel, TA (1985) Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection.Proc Natl U S A. 82, 488-492), PCR mutation, It can be carried out by the method of Tsu door variant method, or the like.

In addition, the “antigen-binding molecule” of the present invention includes both the heavy and light chains that form the “antibody variable region” of the present invention within a single polypeptide chain, but lacks the constant region. It may be an antibody fragment. Such an antibody fragment may be, for example, a diabody (Db), a single chain antibody, or sc (Fab ′) 2.

Db is a dimer composed of two polypeptide chains (Holliger P et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 6444-6448 (1993), EP404, 097, W093 / 11161, etc.) In each polypeptide chain, the L chain variable region (VL) and the H chain variable region (VH) in the same chain are connected to each other by a short linker, for example, about 5 residues. Yes.
VL and VH encoded on the same polypeptide chain cannot form a single-chain variable region fragment due to the short linker between them, and form two antigen-binding sites by dimerization. .

Examples of single chain antibodies include sc (Fv) 2. sc (Fv) 2 is a single-chain antibody in which four variable regions of two VLs and two VHs are connected by a linker such as a peptide linker to form a single chain (J Immunol. Methods (1999) 231 (1- 2), 177-189). The two VHs and VLs can be derived from different monoclonal antibodies. For example, the bispecific recognition (bispecific sc (Fv) 2) that recognizes two kinds of epitopes existing in the same antigen as disclosed in JournalJof Immunology (1994) 152 (11), 5368-5374 is also preferable. Can be mentioned. sc (Fv) 2 can be produced by methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, it can be prepared by linking scFv with a linker such as a peptide linker.

In the present specification, the antigen-binding domain constituting sc (Fv) 2 is composed of two VHs and two VLs, VH, VL, VH, VL ([[ VH] Linker [VL] Linker [VH] Linker [VL]) are listed in this order, but the order of two VHs and two VLs is not particularly limited to the above configuration, They may be arranged in any order. For example, the following configuration can be given.
[VL] Linker [VH] Linker [VH] Linker [VL]
[VH] Linker [VL] Linker [VL] Linker [VH]
[VH] Linker [VH] Linker [VL] Linker [VL]
[VL] Linker [VL] Linker [VH] Linker [VH]
[VL] Linker [VH] Linker [VL] Linker [VH]

The molecular form of sc (Fv) 2 is also described in detail in WO2006 / 132352. Based on these descriptions, those skilled in the art will appropriately use the molecular form of the sc (Fv) 2 for the production of the antigen-binding molecule disclosed herein. It is possible to produce a desired sc (Fv) 2.

The antigen-binding molecule of the present invention may be conjugated with a carrier polymer such as PEG or an organic compound such as an anticancer agent. Moreover, a sugar chain addition sequence can be inserted, and a sugar chain can be suitably added for the purpose of obtaining a desired effect.

As a linker for linking a variable region of an antibody, any peptide linker that can be introduced by genetic engineering, or a synthetic compound linker (for example, see Protein 例えば Engineering, 9 (3), 299-305, 1996), etc. In the present invention, a peptide linker is preferable. The length of the peptide linker is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the purpose. However, the preferred length is 5 amino acids or more (the upper limit is not particularly limited, but usually 30 amino acids or less, preferably Is 20 amino acids or less), particularly preferably 15 amino acids. When sc (Fv) 2 includes three peptide linkers, peptide linkers having the same length may be used, or peptide linkers having different lengths may be used.

For example, for a peptide linker:
Ser
Gly ・ Ser
Gly ・ Gly ・ Ser
Ser ・ Gly ・ Gly
Gly, Gly, Gly, Ser (SEQ ID NO: 5)
Ser, Gly, Gly, Gly (SEQ ID NO: 6)
Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Ser (SEQ ID NO: 7)
Ser, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly (SEQ ID NO: 8)
Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Ser (SEQ ID NO: 9)
Ser, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly (SEQ ID NO: 10)
Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Ser (SEQ ID NO: 11)
Ser, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly (SEQ ID NO: 12)
(Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Ser (SEQ ID NO: 7)) n
(Ser, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly (SEQ ID NO: 8)) n
[N is an integer of 1 or more]. However, the length and sequence of the peptide linker can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the purpose.

Synthetic chemical linkers (chemical crosslinkers) are commonly used to crosslink peptides such as N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS), bis (sulfosuccinimidyl) Suberate (BS3), dithiobis (succinimidyl propionate) (DSP), dithiobis (sulfosuccinimidyl propionate) (DTSSP), ethylene glycol bis (succinimidyl succinate) (EGS), ethylene Glycol bis (sulfosuccinimidyl succinate) (sulfo-EGS), disuccinimidyl tartrate (DST), disulfosuccinimidyl tartrate (sulfo-DST), bis [2- (succinimideoxycarbonyloxy ) Ethyl] sulfone (BSOCOES), bis [2- (sulfosuccinimidooxycarbonyloxy) ethyl And the like sulfone (sulfo-BSOCOES), These crosslinking agents are commercially available.
When four antibody variable regions are linked, usually three linkers are required, but all may use the same linker or different linkers.

F (ab ') 2 is two heavy chains containing two light chains and a constant region of the CH1 domain and a portion of the CH2 domain such that an interchain disulfide bond is formed between the two heavy chains including. F (ab ′) 2 constituting the polypeptide aggregate disclosed in the present specification is obtained by partially digesting a full-length monoclonal antibody or the like having a desired antigen-binding domain with a proteolytic enzyme such as pepsin. It can be suitably obtained by adsorbing on a protein A column and removing it. Such a proteolytic enzyme is not particularly limited as long as it can digest a full-length antibody so as to produce F (ab ′) 2 restrictively by appropriately setting the reaction conditions of the enzyme such as pH. For example, pepsin and ficin can be exemplified.

Further, the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention can further contain additional modifications in addition to the amino acid modifications described above. Additional alterations can be selected from, for example, any of amino acid substitutions, deletions, modifications, or combinations thereof.
For example, the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention can be arbitrarily modified as long as it does not substantially change the target function of the molecule. For example, such mutations can be made by conservative substitution of amino acid residues. Moreover, even if the modification gives a change to the target function of the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention, such a modification can be made as long as the change in the function is within the scope of the present invention. .

The modification of the amino acid sequence in the present invention includes post-translational modification. As specific post-translational modifications, addition or deletion of sugar chains can be shown. For example, when the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention has an IgG1-type constant region, the 297th amino acid residue of EU numbering can be modified with a sugar chain. The sugar chain structure to be modified is not limited. In general, antibodies expressed in eukaryotic cells contain glycosylation in the constant region. Therefore, antibodies expressed in the following cells are usually modified with some sugar chain.
・ Mammalian antibody-producing cells
-Eukaryotic cells transformed with an expression vector containing DNA encoding the antibody. The eukaryotic cells shown here include yeast and animal cells. For example, CHO cells and HEK293H cells are representative animal cells for transformation with an expression vector containing DNA encoding an antibody. On the other hand, those having no sugar chain modification at the position are also included in the antibody of the present invention. An antibody whose constant region is not modified with a sugar chain can be obtained by expressing a gene encoding the antibody in a prokaryotic cell such as Escherichia coli.

As an additional modification in the present invention, more specifically, for example, a sialic acid may be added to the sugar chain of the Fc region (MAbs. 2010 2010 Sep-Oct; 2 (5): 519-27. .).

In addition, when the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention has an Fc region portion, for example, amino acid substitution (J Immunol. 2006 Jan 1; 176 (1): 346-56, J Biol Chem. 2006 Aug 18 that improves the binding activity to FcRn) ; 281 (33): 23514-24., Int Immunol. 2006 Dec; 18 (12): 1759-69., Nat Biotechnol. 2010 Feb; 28 (2): 157-9., WO / 2006/019447, WO / 2006/053301, WO / 2009/086320), amino acid substitution ((WO / 2009/041613)) for improving the heterogeneity and stability of the antibody may be added.

Furthermore, the term “antibody” in the present invention is used in the broadest sense, and as long as the desired biological activity is exhibited, monoclonal antibodies (including full-length monoclonal antibodies), polyclonal antibodies, antibody variants, antibody fragments, multiples Any antibody such as a specific antibody (eg, bispecific antibody), a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, etc. is included.

The antibody of the present invention is not limited to the type of antigen, the origin of the antibody, etc., and may be any antibody. The origin of the antibody is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a human antibody, a mouse antibody, a rat antibody, and a rabbit antibody.

Methods for producing antibodies are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, in the case of monoclonal antibodies, they are produced by the hybridoma method (Kohler and Milstein, Nature 256: 495 (1975)) or recombinant methods (US Pat. No. 4,816,567). May be. Alternatively, it may be isolated from a phage antibody library (Clackson et al., Nature 352: 624-628 (1991); Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222: 581-597 (1991)). Alternatively, it may be isolated from a single B cell clone (N. Biotechnol. 28 (5): 253-457 (2011)).

Humanized antibodies are also referred to as reshaped human antibodies. Specifically, non-human animals, for example, humanized antibodies obtained by grafting mouse antibody CDRs to human antibodies are known. General genetic recombination techniques for obtaining humanized antibodies are also known. Specifically, for example, Overlap-Extension-PCR is known as a method for transplanting mouse antibody CDRs into human FRs.

For humanized antibody expression by inserting DNA encoding an antibody variable region in which three CDRs and four FRs are linked and DNA encoding a human antibody constant region into an expression vector so as to fuse in frame. A vector can be created. After introducing the integration vector into a host to establish a recombinant cell, the recombinant cell is cultured, and a DNA encoding the humanized antibody is expressed, whereby the humanized antibody is cultured in the cultured cell. (See European Patent Publication EP 239400, International Publication WO1996 / 002576).

If necessary, FR amino acid residues can be substituted so that the CDR of the reshaped human antibody forms an appropriate antigen-binding site. For example, amino acid sequence mutations can be introduced into FRs by applying the PCR method used for transplantation of mouse CDRs into human FRs.

Transgenic animals having all repertoires of human antibody genes (see International Publications WO1993 / 012227, WO1992 / 003918, WO1994 / 002602, WO1994 / 025585, WO1996 / 034096, WO1996 / 033735) are used as immunized animals, and desired by DNA immunization. Human antibodies can be obtained.

Furthermore, a technique for obtaining a human antibody by panning using a human antibody library is also known. For example, the V region of a human antibody is expressed as a single chain antibody (scFv) on the surface of the phage by the phage display method. Phages expressing scFv that bind to the antigen can be selected. By analyzing the gene of the selected phage, the DNA sequence encoding the V region of the human antibody that binds to the antigen can be determined. After determining the DNA sequence of scFv that binds to the antigen, the V region sequence is fused in-frame with the sequence of the desired human antibody C region, and then inserted into an appropriate expression vector, whereby an expression vector can be prepared. The human antibody is obtained by introducing the expression vector into a suitable expression cell as described above and expressing the gene encoding the human antibody. These methods are already known (see International Publications WO1992 / 001047, WO1992 / 020791, WO1993 / 006213, WO1993 / 011236, WO1993 / 019172, WO1995 / 001438, WO1995 / 015388).

The variable region constituting the antibody of the present invention can be a variable region that recognizes an arbitrary antigen.

In the present specification, the “antigen” is not particularly limited and may be any antigen. Examples of antigens include 17-IA, 4-1 BB, 4Dc, 6-keto-PGF1a, 8-iso-PGF2a, 8-oxo-dG, A1 Adenosine Receptor, A33, ACE, ACE-2, Activin, Activin A, Activin AB, Activin B, Activin C, Activin RIA, Activin RIA ALK-2, Activin RIB ALK-4, Activin RIIA, Activin RIIB, ADAM, ADAM10, ADAM12, ADAM15, ADAM17 / TACE, ADAM8, ADAM9, ADAMTS, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, Addressins, adiponectin, ADP ribosyl cyclase-1, aFGF, AGE, ALCAM, ALK, ALK-1, ALK-7, allergen, alpha1-antichemotrypsin, alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha-synuclein, alpha-V / beta- 1 antagonist, aminin, amylin, amyloid beta, amyloid immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region.amyloid immunoglobulin light chain variable region, Androgen, ANG, angiotensinogen, Angiopoietin ligand-2, anti-Id, antithrombinIII, Anthrax, APAF-1, APE, APJ , apo A1, apo serum amyloid A, Apo-SAA, APP, APRIL, AR, ARC, ART, Artemin, ASPARTIC, Atrial natriuretic factor, Atrial natriuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptides A, atrial natriuretic peptides B, atrial natriuretic peptides C, av / b3 integrin, Axl, B7-1, B7-2, B7-H, BACE, BACE-1, Bacillus anthracis protective antigen, Bad, BAFF, BAFF-R, Bag-1, BAK, Bax, BCA-1, BCAM, BcI, BCMA, BDNF, b-ECGF, beta-2-microglobulin, betalactamase, bFGF, BID, Bik, BIM, BLC, BL-CAM, BLK, B-lymphocyte Stimulator (BIyS), BMP, BMP-2 (BMP- 2a), BMP-3 (Osteogenin), BMP-4 (BMP-2b), BMP-5, BMP-6 (Vgr-1), BMP-7 (OP-1), BMP-8 (BMP-8a), BMPR, BMPR-IA (ALK-3), BMPR-IB (ALK-6), BMPR-II (BRK-3), BMPs, BOK, Bombesin, Bone-derived neurotrophic factor, bovine growth hormone, BPDE, BPDE-DNA , BRK-2, BTC, B-lymphocyte cell adhesion molecule, C10, C1-inhibitor, C1q, C3, C3a, C4, C5, C5a (complement 5a), CA125, CAD-8, Cadherin-3, Calcitonin, cAMP, Carbonic anhydrase-IX, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carcinoma-associated antigen, Cardiotrophin-1, Cathepsin A, Cathepsin B, Cathepsin C / DPPI, Cathepsin D, Cathepsin E, Cathepsin H, Cathepsin L, Cathepsin O, Cathepsin S, Cathepsin V, Cathepsin X / Z / P, CBL, CCI, CCK2, CCL, CCL1 / I-309, CCL11 / Eotaxin, CCL12 / MCP-5, CCL13 / MCP-4, CCL14 / HCC-1, CCL15 / HCC-2, CCL16 / HCC-4, CCL17 / TARC, CCL18 / PARC, CCL19 / ELC, CCL2 / MCP-1, CCL20 / MIP-3-alpha, CCL21 / SLC, CCL22 / MDC, CCL23 / MPIF-1, CCL24 / Eotaxin-2, CCL25 / TECK, CCL26 / Eotaxin-3, CCL27 / CTACK, CCL28 / MEC, CCL3 / M1P-1-alpha, CCL3Ll / LD- 78-beta, CCL4 / MIP-l-beta, CCL5 / RANTES, CCL6 / C10, CCL7 / MCP-3, CCL8 / MCP-2, CCL9 / 10 / MTP-1-gamma, CCR, CCR1, CCR10, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CD1, CD10, CD105, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD123, CD13, CD137, CD138, CD14, CD140a, CD146, CD147, CD148, CD15, CD152, CD16, CD164, CD18, CD19, CD2, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD25, CD26, CD27L, CD28, CD29, CD3, CD30, CD30L, CD32, CD33 (p67 proteins), CD34, CD37, CD38, CD3E, CD4, CD40, CD40L, CD44, CD45, CD46, CD49a, CD49b, CD5, CD51, CD52, CD54, CD55, CD56, CD6, CD61, CD64, CD66e, CD7, CD70, CD74, CD8, CD80 (B7-1), CD89 , CD95, CD105, CD158a, CEA, CEACAM5, CFTR, cGMP, CGRP receptor, CINC, CKb8-1, Claudin18, CLC, Clostridium botulinum toxin, Clostridium difficile toxin, Clostridium perfring ens toxin, c-Met, CMV, CMV UL, CNTF, CNTN-1, complement factor 3 (C3), complement factor D, corticosteroid-binding globulin, Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor, COX, C-Ret, CRG-2 , CRTH2, CT-1, CTACK, CTGF, CTLA-4, CX3CL1 / Fractalkine, CX3CR1, CXCL, CXCL1 / Gro-alpha, CXCL10, CXCL11 / I-TAC, CXCL12 / SDF-l-alpha / beta, CXCL13 / BCA -1, CXCL14 / BRAK, CXCL15 / Lungkine. CXCL16, CXCL16, CXCL2 / Gro-beta CXCL3 / Gro-gamma, CXCL3, CXCL4 / PF4, CXCL5 / ENA-78, CXCL6 / GCP-2, CXCL7 / NAP-2, CXCL8 / IL-8, CXCL9 / Mig, CXCLlO / IP-10, CXCR, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, cystatin C, cytokeratin tumor-associated antigen, DAN, DCC, DcR3, DC-SIGN, Decay accelerating factor, Delta-like protein ligand 4, des (1-3) -IGF-1 (brain IGF-1), Dhh, DHICA oxidase, Dickkopf-1, digoxin, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DKl, DNAM-1, Dnase, Dpp, DPPIV / CD26, Dtk, ECAD, EDA, EDA-A1, EDA-A2, EDAR, EGF, EGFR (ErbB-1), EGF like domain containing protein 7, Elastase, elastin, EMA, EMMPRIN, ENA, ENA- 78, Endosialin, endothelin receptor, endotoxin, E nkephalinase, eNOS, Eot, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, eotaxini, EpCAM, Ephrin B2 / EphB4, Epha2 tyrosine kinase receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ErbB2 receptor, ErbB3 tyrosine kinase receptor, ERCC, EREG, erythropoietin (EPO) , Erythropoietin receptor, E-selectin, ET-1, Exodus-2, F protein of RSV, F10, F11, F12, F13, F5, F9, Factor Ia, Factor IX, Factor Xa, Factor VII, factor VIII, Factor VIIIc , Fas, FcalphaR, FcepsilonRI, FcgammaIIb, FcgammaRI, FcgammaRIIa, FcgammaRIIIa, FcgammaRIIIb, FcRn, FEN-1, Ferritin, FGF, FGF-19, FGF-2, FGF-2 receptor, FGF-3, FGF-8, FGF- acidic, FGF-basic, FGFR, FGFR-3, Fibrin, fibroblast activation protein (FAP), fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-10, fibronectin, FL, FLIP, Flt-3, FLT3 ligand, Folate receptor, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Fractalkine (CX3C), free heavy chain, free light chain, FZD1, FZD10, FZD2, FZD3, FZD4, FZD5, FZD6, FZD7, FZD8, FZD9, G250, Gas 6, GCP-2, GCSF, G- CSF, G-CSF receptor, GD2, GD3, GDF, GDF-1, GDF-15 (M IC-1), GDF-3 (Vgr-2), GDF-5 (BMP-14 / CDMP-1), GDF-6 (BMP-13 / CDMP-2), GDF-7 (BMP-12 / CDMP- 3), GDF-8 (Myostatin), GDF-9, GDNF, Gelsolin, GFAP, GF-CSF, GFR-alpha1, GFR-alpha2, GFR-alpha3, GF-β1, gH envelope glycoprotein, GITR, Glucagon, Glucagon receptor , Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, Glut 4, Glutamate carboxypeptidase II, glycoprotein hormone receptors, glycoprotein IIb / IIIa (GP IIb / IIIa), Glypican-3, GM-CSF, GM-CSF receptor, gp130, gp140, gp72, granulocyte -CSF (G-CSF), GRO / MGSA, Growth hormone releasing factor, GRO-β, GRO-γ, H. pylori, Hapten (NP-cap or NIP-cap), HB-EGF, HCC, HCC 1, HCMV gB envelope glycoprotein, HCMV UL, Hemopoietic growth factor (HGF), Hep B gp120, heparanase, heparin cofactor II, hepatic growth factor, Bacillus anthracis protective antigen, Hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein, Hepatitis E, Hepcidin, Her1, Her2 / neu ( ErbB-2), Her3 (ErbB-3), Her4 (ErbB-4), herpes simplex virus (HSV) gB glycoprotein, HGF, HGFA, High molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MA A), HIV envelope proteins such as GP120, HIV MIB gp 120 V3 loop, HLA, HLA-DR, HM1.24, HMFG PEM, HMGB-1, HRG, Hrk, HSP47, Hsp90, HSV gD glycoprotein, human cardiac myosin, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human growth hormone (hGH), human serum albumin, human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), Huntingtin, HVEM, IAP, ICAM, ICAM-1, ICAM-3, ICE, ICOS, IFN -alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, IgA, IgA receptor, IgE, IGF, IGF binding proteins, IGF-1, IGF-1 R, IGF-2, IGFBP, IGFR, IL, IL-1, IL-10 , IL-10 receptors, IL-11, IL-11 receptors, IL-12, IL-12 receptors, IL-13, IL-13 receptors, IL-15, IL-15 receptors, IL-16, IL-16 receptors , IL-17, IL-17 receptors, IL-18 (IGIF), IL-18 receptors, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1 receptors, IL-2, IL-2 receptors, IL-20, IL- 20 receptors, IL-21, IL-21 receptors, IL-23, IL-23 receptors, IL-2 receptors, IL-3, IL-3 receptors, IL-31, IL-31 receptors, IL-3 receptors, IL -4, IL-4 receptors IL-5, IL-5 receptors, IL-6, IL-6 receptors, IL-7, IL-7 receptors, IL-8, IL-8 receptors, IL-9, IL-9 receptors, immunoglobulin immune complex, immunoglobulins, INF-alpha, INF-alpha receptors, INF-beta, INF-beta receptors, INF-gamma, INF-gamma receptors, IFN type-I, IFN type- I receptor, influenza, inhibin, Inhibin α, Inhibin β, iNOS, insulin, Insulin A-chain, Insulin B-chain, Insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor 2, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, integrin , integrin alpha2, integrin alpha3, integrin alpha4, integrin alpha4 / beta1, integrin alpha-V / beta-3, integrin alpha-V / beta-6, integrin alpha4 / beta7, integrin alpha5 / beta1, integrin alpha5 / beta3, integrin alpha5 / beta6, integrin alphaσ (alphaV), integrin alphaθ, integrin beta1, integrin beta2, integrin beta3 (GPIIb-IIIa), IP-10, I-TAC, JE, kalliklein, Kallikrein 11, Kallikrein 12, Kallikrein 14, Kallikrein 15, Kallikrein 2, Kallikrein 5, Kallikrein 6, Kallikrein L1, Kallikrein L2, Kallikrein L3, Kallikrein L4, kallistatin, KC, KDR, Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF), Keratinocyte Growth Facto r-2 (KGF-2), KGF, killer immunoglobulin-like receptor, kit ligand (KL), Kit tyrosine kinase, laminin 5, LAMP, LAPP (Amylin, islet-amyloid polypeptide), LAP (TGF-1), latency associated peptide, Latent TGF-1, Latent TGF-1 bp1, LBP, LDGF, LDL, LDL receptor, LECT2, Lefty, Leptin, leutinizing hormone (LH), Lewis-Y antigen, Lewis-Y related antigen, LFA-1, LFA-3, LFA-3 receptors, Lfo, LIF, LIGHT, lipoproteins, LIX, LKN, Lptn, L-Selectin, LT-a, LT-b, LTB4, LTBP-1, Lung surfactant, Luteinizing hormone, Lymphotactin, Lymphotoxin Beta Receptor, Lysosphingolipid receptor, Mac-1, macrophage-CSF (M-CSF), MAdCAM, MAG, MAP2, MARC, maspin, MCAM, MCK-2, MCP, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP -4, MCP-I (MCAF), M-CSF, MDC, MDC (67 aa), MDC (69 aa), megsin, Mer, MET tyrosine kinase receptor family, METALLOPROTEASES, Membrane glycoprotein OX2, Mesothelin, MGDF receptor, MGMT , MHC (HLA-DR), microbial protein, MIF, MIG, MIP, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, MIP-4, MK, MMAC1, MMP, MMP-1, MMP-10 , MMP-11, MMP-12, MMP- 13, MMP-14, MMP-15, MMP-2, MMP-24, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, monocyte attractant protein, monocyte colony inhibitory factor, mouse gonadotropin-associated peptide, MPIF , Mpo, MSK, MSP, MUC-16, MUC18, mucin (Mud), Muellerian-inhibiting substance, Mug, MuSK, Myelin associated glycoprotein, myeloid progenitor inhibitor factor-1 (MPIF-I), NAIP, Nanobody, NAP, NAP -2, NCA 90, NCAD, N-Cadherin, NCAM, Neprilysin, Neural cell adhesion molecule, neroserpin, Neuronal growth factor (NGF), Neurotrophin-3, Neurotrophin-4, Neurotrophin-6, Neuropilin 1, Neurturin, NGF-beta , NGFR, NKG20, N-methionyl human growth hormone, nNOS, NO, Nogo-A, Nogo receptor, non-structural protein type 3 (NS3) from the hepatitis C virus, NOS, Npn, NRG-3, NT, NT- 3, NT-4, NTN, OB, OGG1, Oncostatin M, OP-2, OPG, OPN, OSM, OSM receptors, osteoinductive factors, osteopontin, OX40L, OX40R, oxidized LDL, p150, p95, PADPr, parathyroid hormone, PARC , PARP, PBR, PBSF, PCAD, P-Cadherin, PCNA, PCSK9, PDGF, PDGF receptor, PDGF-AA, PDG F-AB, PDGF-BB, PDGF-D, PDK-1, PECAM, PEDF, PEM, PF-4, PGE, PGF, PGI2, PGJ2, PIGF, PIN, PLA2, Placenta growth factor, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) , placental lactogen, pl
asminogen activator inhibitor-1, platelet-growth factor, plgR, PLP, poly glycol chains of different size (eg PEG-20, PEG-30, PEG40), PP14, prekallikrein, prion protein, procalcitonin, Programmed cell death protein 1, proinsulin , prolactin, Proprotein convertase PC9, prorelaxin, prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), Protein A, Protein C, Protein D, Protein S, Protein Z, PS, PSA, PSCA, PsmAr, PTEN, PTHrp, Ptk, PTN, P- selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, R51, RAGE, RANK, RANKL, RANTES, relaxin, Relaxin A-chain, Relaxin B-chain, renin, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F, Ret, reticulon 4, Rheumatoid factors, RLI P76, RPA2 , RPK-1, RSK, RSV Fgp, S100, RON-8, SCF / KL, SCGF, Sclerostin, SDF-1, SDF1α, SDF1β, SERINE, Serum Amyloid P, Serum albumin, sFRP-3, Shh, Shiga like toxin II, SIGIRR, SK-1, SLAM, SLPI, SMAC, SMDF, SMOH, SOD, SPARC, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1, Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid, Stat, STEAP, STEAP-II, stem cell factor (SCF), streptokinase, superoxide dismutase, syndec an-1, TACE, TACI, TAG-72 (tumor-associated glycoprotein-72), TARC, TB, TCA-3, T-cell receptor alpha / beta, TdT, TECK, TEM1, TEM5, TEM7, TEM8, Tenascin, TERT, testicular PLAP-like alkaline phosphatase, TfR, TGF, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, TGF-beta Pan Specific, TGF-beta RII, TGF-beta RIIb, TGF-beta RIII, TGF-beta Rl (ALK-5 ), TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, TGF-beta3, TGF-beta4, TGF-beta5, TGF-I, Thrombin, thrombopoietin (TPO), Thymic stromal lymphoprotein receptor, Thymus Ck-1, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine, thyroxine-binding globulin, Tie, TIMP, TIQ, Tissue Factor, tissue factor protease inhibitor, tissue factor protein, TMEFF2, Tmpo, TMPRSS2, TNF receptor I, TNF receptor II, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, TNF-beta2 , TNFc, TNF-RI, TNF-RII, TNFRSF10A (TRAIL R1 Apo-2 / DR4), TNFRSF10B (TRAIL R2 DR5 / KILLER / TRICK-2A / TRICK-B), TNFRSF10C (TRAIL R3 DcR1 / LIT / TRID), TNFRSF10D (TRAIL R4 DcR2 / TRUNDD), TNFRSF11A (RANK ODF R / TRANCE R), TNFRSF11B (OPG OCIF / TR1), TNFRSF12 (TWEAK R FN14), TNFRSF12A, TNFRSF13B (TACI ), TNFRSF13C (BAFF R), TNFRSF14 (HVEM ATAR / HveA / LIGHT R / TR2), TNFRSF16 (NGFR p75NTR), TNFRSF17 (BCMA), TNFRSF18 (GITR AITR), TNFRSF19 (TROY TAJ / TRADE), TNFRSF19L (RELT) , TNFRSF1A (TNF Rl CD120a / p55-60), TNFRSF1B (TNF RII CD120b / p75-80), TNFRSF21 (DR6), TNFRSF22 (DcTRAIL R2 TNFRH2), TNFRSF25 (DR3 Apo-3 / LARD / TR-3 / TRAMP / WSL-1), TNFRSF26 (TNFRH3), TNFRSF3 (LTbR TNF RIII / TNFC R), TNFRSF4 (OX40 ACT35 / TXGP1 R), TNFRSF5 (CD40 p50), TNFRSF6 (Fas Apo-1 / APT1 / CD95), TNFRSF6B (DcR3 M68 / TR6), TNFRSF7 (CD27), TNFRSF8 (CD30), TNFRSF9 (4-1 BB CD137 / ILA), TNFRST23 (DcTRAIL R1 TNFRH1), TNFSF10 (TRAIL Apo-2 Ligand / TL2), TNFSF11 (TRANCE / RANK Ligand ODF / OPG Ligand), TNFSF12 (TWEAK Apo-3 Ligand / DR3 Ligand), TNFSF13 (APRIL TALL2), TNFSF13B (BAFF BLYS / TALL1 / THANK / TNFSF20), TNFSF14 (LIGHT HVEM Ligand / LTg), TNFSF15 (TL1A / VEGI ), TNFSF18 (GITR Ligand AITR Ligand / TL6), TNFSF1A (TNF-a Conectin / DIF / TNFSF2), TNFSF1B (TNF-b LTa / TNFSF1), TNFSF3 (LTb TNFC / p33), TNFSF4 (OX40 Ligand gp34 / TXGP1) , TNFSF5 (CD40 Ligand CD154 / g p39 / HIGM1 / IMD3 / TRAP), TNFSF6 (Fas Ligand Apo-1 Ligand / APT1 Ligand), TNFSF7 (CD27 Ligand CD70), TNFSF8 (CD30 Ligand CD153), TNFSF9 (4-1 BB Ligand CD137 Ligand), TNF-α , TNF-β, TNIL-I, toxic metabolite, TP-1, t-PA, Tpo, TRAIL, TRAIL R, TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, TRANCE, transferrin receptor, transforming growth factors (TGF) such as TGF- alpha and TGF-beta, Transmembrane glycoprotein NMB, Transthyretin, TRF, Trk, TROP-2, Trophoblast glycoprotein, TSG, TSLP, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), tumor-associated antigen CA 125, tumor-associated antigen expressing Lewis Y related carbohydrate , TWEAK, TXB2, Ung, uPAR, uPAR-1, Urokinase, VAP-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vaspin, VCAM, VCAM-1, VECAD, VE-Cadherin, VE-Cadherin-2, VEFGR-1 (flt-1), VEFGR-2, VEGF receptor (VEGFR), VEGFR-3 (flt-4), VEGI, VIM, Viral antigens, VitB12 receptor, Vitronectin receptor, VLA, VLA-1, VLA-4, VNR integrin , von Willebrand Factor (vWF), WIF-1, WNT1, WNT10A, WNT10B, WNT11, WNT16, WNT2, WNT2B / 13, WNT3, WNT3A, WNT 4, WNT5A, WNT5B, WNT6, WNT7A, WNT7B, WNT8A, WNT8B, WNT9A, WNT9B, XCL1, XCL2 / SCM-l-beta, XCLl / Lymphotactin, XCR1, XEDAR, XIAP, XPD.

Among the two variable regions of an antibody contained in the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention, a “first antigen to which a variable region that can bind to two different antigens but cannot simultaneously bind to these antigens binds. "And" second antigen "include, for example, immune cell surface molecules (eg, T cell surface molecules, NK cell surface molecules, dendritic cell surface molecules, B cell surface molecules, NKT cell surface molecules, MDSC cell surface molecules Antigens (integrin, tissue factor, VEGFR, PDGFR, EGFR, IGFR, MET chemokine receptor, heparan) expressed in normal cells, tumor cells, tumor blood vessels, stromal cells, etc. Proteoglycan sulfate, CD44, fibronectin, DR5, TNFRSF, etc.) are preferred, and the combination of “first antigen” and “second antigen” is any of the first antigen and the second antigen. One of them is, for example, a molecule that is specifically expressed on T cells, and the other antigen is preferably a molecule that is expressed on the surface of T cells or other immune cells. In another embodiment, the combination of the “first antigen” and the “second antigen” includes any one of the first antigen and the second antigen expressed specifically on T cells, for example. Preferably, the other antigen is a molecule that is expressed on immune cells and is different from the previously selected antigen. Specifically, for example, CD3 and a T cell receptor can be mentioned as molecules specifically expressed on T cells. CD3 is particularly preferable. As the CD3 site to which the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention binds, for example, in the case of human CD3, it binds to any epitope as long as it exists in the γ chain, δ chain or ε chain sequence constituting human CD3 It may be a thing. In particular, an epitope present in the extracellular region of the ε chain of the human CD3 complex is preferred. The structure of the γ chain, δ chain, or ε chain constituting CD3 is such that the polynucleotide sequence is SEQ ID NO: 83 (NM_000073.2), 85 (NM_000732.4) and 87 (NM_000733.3). The sequences are described in SEQ ID NOs: 84 (NP_000064.1), 86 (NP_000723.1) and 88 (NP_000724.1) (in parentheses indicate RefSeq registration numbers). Still other antigens include Fcγ receptor, TLR, lectin, IgA, immune checkpoint molecule, TNF superfamily molecule, TNFR superfamily molecule, and NK receptor molecule.
In addition, the “first antigen” and the “second antigen” to which the other variable region of the two variable regions of the antibody contained in the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention binds are different from the “third antigen”. For example, antigens specific to tumor cells are preferable. In addition to antigens expressed as cells become malignant, abnormalities appearing on the cell surface or protein molecules when cells become cancerous. Sugar chains are also included. Specifically, for example, ALK receptor (pleiotrophin receptor), pleiotrophin, KS 1/4 pancreatic cancer antigen, ovarian cancer antigen (CA125), prostatic acid phosphate, prostate specific antigen (PSA), Melanoma-associated antigen p97, melanoma antigen gp75, high molecular weight melanoma antigen (HMW-MAA), prostate specific membrane antigen, cancerous embryo antigen (CEA), polymorphic epithelial mucin antigen, human milk fat globule antigen, CEA, TAG-72 , CO17-1A, GICA 19-9, CTA-1 and LEA and other colorectal tumor associated antigens, Burkitt lymphoma antigen-38.13, CD19, human B lymphoma antigen-CD20, CD33, ganglioside GD2, ganglioside GD3, ganglioside GM2 and Tumor antigens induced by viruses such as melanoma-specific antigens such as ganglioside GM3, tumor-specific transplanted cell surface antigen (TSTA), T antigen, DNA tumor virus and RNA tumor virus envelope antigen, colon CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen α-fetoprotein such as 5T4 carcinoembryonic trophoblast glycoprotein and bladder tumor carcinoembryonic antigen, differentiation antigens such as human lung cancer antigens L6 and L20, fibrosarcoma antigen, human leukemia T cell antigen-Gp37, nascent glycoprotein , Sphingolipids, breast cancer antigens such as EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), NY-BR-16, NY-BR-16 and HER2 antigen (p185HER2), polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM), malignant human lymphocyte antigen-APO- 1. Differentiation antigens such as I antigen found in fetal erythrocytes, early endoderm I antigen found in adult erythrocytes, pre-implantation embryo, I (Ma) found in gastric cancer, M18, M39, bone marrow cells found in mammary epithelium SSEA-1, VEP8, VEP9, Myl, VIM-D5, D156-22 found in colorectal cancer, TRA-1-85 (blood group H), SCP-1 found in testis and ovarian cancer, colon C14 found in cancer, F3 found in lung cancer, AH6 found in stomach cancer, Y hapten, Ley found in embryonic cancer cells, TL5 (blood group A), EGF receptor found in A431 cells, E1 series found in pancreatic cancer (blood group B), FC10 found in embryonic cancer cells. 2. Gastric cancer antigen, CO-514 (blood group Lea) found in adenocarcinoma, NS-10, CO-43 (blood group Leb) found in adenocarcinoma, G49 found in EGF receptor of A431 cells, colon cancer MH2 (blood group ALeb / Ley), colon cancer 19.9, gastric cancer mucin, T5A7 found in bone marrow cells, R24 found in melanoma, 4.2 found in embryonic cancer cells, GD3, D1.1, OFA-1, GM2, OFA-2, GD2, and M1: 22: 25: 8 and SSEA-3 and SSEA-4, subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma antigen, MART-1 antigen found in 4-8 cell stage embryos, Sialyl Tn (STn) antigen, colon cancer antigen NY-CO-45, lung cancer antigen NY-LU-12 variant A, adenocarcinoma antigen ART1, tumor-associated brain-testis cancer antigen (cancer neuronal antigen MA2, tumor-associated Nerve antigen) , Neuronal cancer abdominal antigen 2 (NOVA2), blood cell cancer antigen gene 520, tumor-associated antigen CO-029, tumor-associated antigen MAGE-C1 (cancer / testis antigen CT7), MAGE-B1 (MAGE-XP antigen), MAGE- B2 (DAM6), MAGE-2, MAGE-4a, MAGE-4b and MAGE-X2, cancer-testis antigen (NY-EOS-1), YKL-40 and any fragment of the above polypeptides or against these Examples include modified structures (such as the above-mentioned modified phosphate groups and sugar chains), EpCAM, EREG, CA19-9, CA15-3, serial SSEA-1 (SLX), HER2, PSMA, CEA, CLEC12A, and the like.

The antigen-binding molecule of the present invention can be produced by methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, the antibody can be prepared by the following method, but is not limited thereto. Many combinations of host cells and expression vectors for producing antibodies by introducing a gene encoding an isolated polypeptide into a suitable host are known. Any of these expression systems can be applied to isolate the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention. When eukaryotic cells are used as host cells, animal cells, plant cells, or fungal cells can be used as appropriate. Specifically, the following cells can be exemplified as animal cells.
(1) Mammalian cells: CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cell line), COS (Monkey kidney cell line), myeloma (Sp2 / O, NS0, etc.), BHK (baby hamster kidney cell line), HEK293 (human embryonic kidney cell line) with sheared adenovirus (Ad) 5 DNA), PER.C6 cell (human embryonic retinal cell line transformed with the Adenovirus Type 5 (Ad5) E1A and E1B genes), Hela, Vero, etc. (Current Protocols in Protein Science (May, 2001 , Unit 5.9, Table 5.9.1))
(2) Amphibian cells: Xenopus oocytes, etc. (3) Insect cells: sf9, sf21, Tn5, etc. In addition, antibodies are used in Escherichia coli (mAbs 2012 Mar-Apr; 4 (2): 217-225.) And yeast (WO2000023579). ). The antibody produced in E. coli has no sugar chain added. On the other hand, sugar chains are added to antibodies produced in yeast.

DNA encoding the heavy chain of an antibody, the DNA encoding the heavy chain in which one or more amino acid residues in the variable region are substituted with other amino acids of interest, and the DNA encoding the light chain of the antibody To express. A DNA encoding a heavy chain or light chain in which one or more amino acid residues in the variable region are substituted with other amino acids of interest is, for example, an antibody prepared using a known method for an antigen. It can be obtained by obtaining a DNA encoding a variable region and appropriately introducing substitutions so that a codon encoding a specific amino acid in the region encodes another amino acid of interest.

In addition, a DNA encoding a protein in which one or a plurality of amino acid residues in the variable region of an antibody prepared using a known method for an antigen is substituted with another amino acid of interest, By chemically synthesizing the DNA, it is possible to obtain DNA encoding a heavy chain in which one or more amino acid residues in the variable region are substituted with other amino acids of interest. The amino acid substitution site and the type of substitution are not particularly limited. Preferred regions for amino acid modification include regions exposed to solvent in the variable region and loop regions. Of these, CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR3 region and loop region are preferable. Specifically, Kabat numbering 31 to 35, 50 to 65, 71 to 74, 95 to 102 of the heavy chain variable region, Kabat numbering 24 to 34, 50 to 56, 89 to 97 of the light chain variable region are preferable. More preferred are Kabat numbering 31, 52a-61, 71-74, 97-101 of the chain variable region, and Kabat numbering 24-34, 51-56, 89-96 of the L chain variable region.
The amino acid modification is not limited to substitution, and may be any one of deletion, addition, insertion, modification, or a combination thereof.

In addition, DNA encoding a heavy chain in which one or a plurality of amino acid residues in the variable region is substituted with another amino acid of interest can be produced by dividing it into partial DNAs. Examples of combinations of partial DNAs include DNA encoding a variable region and DNA encoding a constant region, or DNA encoding a Fab region and DNA encoding an Fc region, but are not limited to these combinations. is not. Similarly, the DNA encoding the light chain can also be produced by dividing it into partial DNAs.

The following methods may be mentioned as methods for expressing the DNA. For example, DNA encoding a heavy chain variable region is incorporated into an expression vector together with DNA encoding a heavy chain constant region to construct a heavy chain expression vector. Similarly, a DNA encoding a light chain variable region is incorporated into an expression vector together with DNA encoding a light chain constant region to construct a light chain expression vector. These heavy and light chain genes can also be incorporated into a single vector.

When the DNA encoding the target antibody is incorporated into an expression vector, it is incorporated into the expression vector so that it is expressed under the control of an expression control region such as an enhancer or promoter. Next, host cells are transformed with this expression vector to express the antibody. In that case, a combination of an appropriate host and an expression vector can be used.

Examples of vectors include M13 vectors, pUC vectors, pBR322, pBluescript, and pCR-Script. For the purpose of subcloning and excision of cDNA, for example, pGEM-T, pDIRECT, pT7 and the like can be used in addition to the above vector.

In the case of using a vector for the purpose of producing the antibody of the present invention, an expression vector is particularly useful. As an expression vector, for example, when the host is E. coli such as JM109, DH5α, HB101, XL1-Blue, a promoter that can be efficiently expressed in E. coli, such as the lacZ promoter (Ward et al., Nature (1989) 341). , 544-546; FASEB J. (1992) 6, 2422-2427, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, araB promoter (Better et al., Science (1988) 240, 1041-1043, in its entirety by reference) Are incorporated herein), or have a T7 promoter or the like. In addition to the above vectors, such vectors include pGEX-5X-1 (Pharmacia), “QIAexpress® system” (QIAGEN), pEGFP, or pET (in this case, the host expresses T7 RNA polymerase). BL21 is preferred).

The vector may also contain a signal sequence for polypeptide secretion. The signal sequence for polypeptide secretion is the pelB signal sequence (Lei, S. P. et al J. Bacteriol. (1987) 169, 4397, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety when produced in the periplasm of E. coli. Built in). Introduction of a vector into a host cell can be performed using, for example, the lipofectin method, the calcium phosphate method, or the DEAE-Dextran method.

In addition to E. coli expression vectors, for example, vectors for producing the polypeptide of the present invention include mammalian-derived expression vectors (for example, pcDNA3 (manufactured by Invitrogen), pEGF-BOS® (Nucleic® Acids.® Res. 1990, 18 (17), p5322, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), pEF, pCDM8), insect cell-derived expression vectors (eg “Bac-to-BAC baculovirus expression system” (GIBCO BRL), pBacPAK8), plant-derived expression vectors (eg, pMH1, pMH2), animal virus-derived expression vectors (eg, pHSV, pMV, pAdexLcw), retrovirus-derived expression vectors (eg, pZIPneo), yeast-derived expression vectors (eg, , “Pichia® Expression® Kit” (manufactured by Invitrogen), pNV11, SP-Q01), and Bacillus subtilis-derived expression vectors (for example, pPL608, pKTH50).

For the purpose of expression in animal cells such as CHO cells, COS cells, NIH3T3 cells, HEK293 cells, etc., promoters required for expression in cells such as SV40 promoter (Mulligan et al., Nature (1979) 277, 108, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), MMTV-LTR promoter, EF1α promoter (Mizushima et al., Nucleic Acids Res. (1990) 18, 5322, incorporated herein in its entirety by reference), It is essential to have a CAG promoter (Gene. (1991) 108, 193, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), a CMV promoter, etc., and a gene for selecting transformed cells (for example, More preferably, it has a drug resistance gene that can be discriminated by a drug (neomycin, G418, etc.). Examples of such a vector include pMAM, pDR2, pBK-RSV, pBK-CMV, pOPRSV, and pOP13. In some cases, the EBNA1 protein is co-expressed for the purpose of increasing the copy number of the gene. In this case, a vector having the replication origin OriP is used. (Biotechnol Bioeng. 2001 Oct 20; 75 (2): 197-203., Biotechnol Bioeng. 2005 Sep 20; 91 (6): 670-7.)

Furthermore, when the gene is stably expressed and the purpose is to amplify the copy number of the gene in the cell, a vector having a DHFR gene complementary to the CHO cell lacking the nucleic acid synthesis pathway (for example, , PCHOI, etc.), and amplifying with methotrexate (MTX). For the purpose of transient expression of the gene, COS with a gene expressing SV40 T antigen on the chromosome An example is a method of transforming with a vector (such as pcD) having an SV40 replication origin using cells. As the replication origin, those derived from polyoma virus, adenovirus, bovine papilloma virus (BPV) and the like can also be used. Furthermore, for gene copy number amplification in host cell systems, the expression vectors are selectable markers: aminoglycoside transferase (APH) gene, thymidine kinase (TK) gene, E. coli xanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Ecogpt) gene, dihydrofolate reductase ( dhfr) gene and the like.

Antibody recovery can be performed, for example, by culturing transformed cells and then separating them from the inside of the cell or the culture solution of molecularly transformed cells. For antibody separation and purification, methods such as centrifugation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, salting out, ultrafiltration, C1q, FcRn, protein A, protein G column, affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, etc. It can carry out in combination as appropriate.

Knobs-into-holes technology (WO1996 / 027011, Ridgway JB et al., Protein Engineering (1996) 9 617-621, Merchant AM et al. Nature Biotechnology (1998) 16, 677-681) and a technique (WO2006 / 106905) that suppresses undesired association of H chains by introducing charge repulsion can be applied.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a variable region of an antibody capable of binding to two different first antigens and second antigens, wherein the variable region does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen simultaneously (first And a variable region that binds to a third antigen different from the first antigen and the second antigen (second variable region), comprising: Provided is a method for producing an antigen-binding molecule of the present invention, comprising the step of preparing an antigen-binding molecule library having various amino acid sequences of the first variable region.

For example, a production method including the following steps can be mentioned:
(i) an antigen-binding molecule in which at least one amino acid of a variable region of an antibody that binds to the first antigen or the second antigen is modified, wherein at least one of the amino acids of the modified variable region is different from each other Creating a library of antigen binding molecules comprising the region,
(ii) an antigen comprising a variable region that has binding activity to the first antigen and the second antigen from the prepared library, but does not bind simultaneously with the first antigen and the second antigen; Selecting a binding molecule,
(iii) culturing a host cell containing a nucleic acid encoding the variable region of the antigen-binding molecule selected in step (ii) and a nucleic acid encoding the variable region of the antigen-binding molecule that binds to the third antigen. A variable region of an antibody that can bind to the first antigen and the second antigen but does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen at the same time, and a variable region that binds to the third antigen. Comprising the step of expressing an antigen binding molecule, and
(iv) recovering the antigen-binding molecule from the host cell culture.

In this production method, step (ii) may be the following selection step:
(v) Among the prepared libraries, the first antigen and the second antigen have binding activity to the first antigen and the second antigen, but are expressed on different cells, respectively. Selecting an antigen-binding molecule comprising a variable region that does not bind.

The antigen-binding molecule used in the step (i) is not particularly limited as long as it contains an antibody variable region, and may be an antibody fragment such as Fv, Fab, Fab ′, or an antibody containing an Fc region. There may be.

As the amino acid to be modified, for example, an amino acid that does not lose the binding to the antigen by amino acid modification is selected from the variable region of the antibody that binds to the first antigen or the second antigen.

The amino acid modification of the present invention may be used alone or in combination.
When used in combination, the number of combinations is not particularly limited. For example, 2 or more and 30 or less, preferably 2 or more and 25 or less, 2 or more and 22 or less, 2 or more and 20 or less, 2 or more 15 or less, 2 or more and 10 or less, 2 or more and 5 or less, 2 or more and 3 or less.
In the case of combining a plurality, the amino acid modification may be added only to the heavy chain variable region or the light chain variable region of the antibody, or may be appropriately distributed to both the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region.

Favorable regions for amino acid modification include a region exposed to the solvent in the variable region and a loop region. Of these, CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR3 region and loop region are preferable. Specifically, Kabat numbering 31 to 35, 50 to 65, 71 to 74, 95 to 102 of the heavy chain variable region, Kabat numbering 24 to 34, 50 to 56, 89 to 97 of the light chain variable region are preferable. More preferred are Kabat numbering 31, 52a-61, 71-74, 97-101 of the chain variable region, and Kabat numbering 24-34, 51-56, 89-96 of the L chain variable region.

In addition, in order to modify amino acid residues, the amino acids in the above-mentioned regions of the variable region of the antibody that binds to the first antigen or the second antigen are randomly modified, or a desired antigen is previously prepared. It also includes inserting a peptide known to have binding activity to the above region. In this way, variable regions that can bind to the first antigen and the second antigen but cannot bind to these antigens at the same time are selected from the modified antigen-binding molecules. Thus, the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention can be obtained. Examples of peptides known to have a binding activity for a desired antigen in advance include the peptides shown in Table 1 above.

Whether it is a variable region that can bind to the first antigen and the second antigen, but cannot bind to these antigens at the same time, and either the first antigen or the second antigen is a cell If both are present alone, both are present alone, or both are present on the same cell, they can bind to both the first and second antigens simultaneously. However, according to the above-mentioned method, it can be similarly confirmed whether or not the variable region cannot be bound simultaneously when expressed on different cells.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a variable region of an antibody capable of binding to two different first antigens and second antigens, wherein the variable region does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen simultaneously (first The antigen-binding molecule of the present invention, comprising the step of preparing an antigen-binding molecule library in which the amino acid sequence of the first variable region is diverse. Provide a way to do it.

Examples of the method for producing such an antigen-binding molecule include a production method including the following steps:
(i) an antigen-binding molecule in which at least one amino acid of a variable region of an antibody that binds to the first antigen or the second antigen is modified, wherein at least one of the amino acids of the modified variable region is different from each other Creating a library of antigen binding molecules comprising the region,
(ii) an antigen comprising a variable region that has binding activity to the first antigen and the second antigen from the prepared library, but does not bind simultaneously with the first antigen and the second antigen; Selecting a binding molecule,
(iii) A host cell containing a nucleic acid encoding the variable region of the antigen-binding molecule selected in step (ii) can be cultured to bind to the first and second antigens. Expressing an antigen-binding molecule comprising a variable region of an antibody that does not bind to the antigen and the second antigen simultaneously, and
(iv) recovering the antigen-binding molecule from the host cell culture.
A preferred region for the amino acid modification includes a heavy chain variable region. More preferably, a region exposed to the solvent in the variable region and a loop region are included. Of these, CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR3 region and loop region are preferable. Specifically, Kabat numbering 31 to 35, 50 to 65, 71 to 74, 95 to 102 of the heavy chain variable region, Kabat numbering 24 to 34, 50 to 56, 89 to 97 of the light chain variable region are preferable. More preferred are Kabat numbering 31, 52a-61, 71-74, 97-101 of the chain variable region, and Kabat numbering 24-34, 51-56, 89-96 of the L chain variable region.

In the present production method, the step (ii) may be the following selection step:
(v) Among the prepared libraries, the first antigen and the second antigen have binding activity to the first antigen and the second antigen, but are expressed on different cells, respectively. Selecting an antigen-binding molecule comprising a variable region that does not bind.

The amino acid modification of the present invention may be used alone or in combination.
When used in combination, the number of combinations is not particularly limited. For example, 2 or more and 30 or less, preferably 2 or more and 25 or less, 2 or more and 22 or less, 2 or more and 20 or less, 2 or more 15 or less, 2 or more and 10 or less, 2 or more and 5 or less, 2 or more and 3 or less.
When combining two or more, the amino acid modification may be added to either one of the heavy chain variable region or the light chain variable region of the antibody, or may be appropriately distributed and added to both the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region.

Whether it is a variable region that can bind to the first antigen and the second antigen, but cannot bind to these antigens at the same time, and either the first antigen or the second antigen is a cell Can bind to both the first antigen and the second antigen simultaneously if the other is present alone, if both are present alone, or if both are present on the same cell. Although it is possible to determine whether or not a variable region can be bound simultaneously when expressed on different cells, it can be similarly confirmed according to the method described above.

Furthermore, antigen-binding molecules produced by the production method are also included in the present invention.
The type and range of amino acid modification introduced by this method is not particularly limited.

As a non-limiting embodiment of the library of the present invention, CD3 (γ chain, δ chain or ε chain constituting human CD3 in the case of human CD3) is selected as the first antigen, and CD3 and an optional second antigen And a library of antigen-binding molecules that bind to.

In this specification, “library” or “library” refers to a plurality of antigen-binding molecules or a plurality of fusion polypeptides containing antigen-binding molecules, or nucleic acids and polynucleotides encoding these sequences. The sequences of a plurality of antigen-binding molecules or a plurality of fusion polypeptides comprising antigen-binding molecules contained in the library are not single sequences but are fusion polypeptides comprising antigen-binding molecules or antigen-binding molecules having different sequences from each other.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a fusion polypeptide of the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention and a heterologous polypeptide can be produced. In certain embodiments, the fusion polypeptide is fused to at least a portion of a viral coat protein, such as a viral coat protein selected from the group consisting of pIII, pVIII, pVII, pIX, Soc, Hoc, gpD, pVI and variants thereof. obtain.

In one embodiment, the antigen-binding molecules of the invention can be ScFv, Fab fragments, F (ab) ₂ or F (ab ′) ₂ , so in another embodiment, these antigen-binding molecules are heterologous. There is provided a library mainly comprising a plurality of fusion polypeptides which are fusion polypeptides with polypeptides and have different sequences from each other. Specifically, these antigen-binding molecules and virus coat proteins such as pIII, pVIII, pVII, pIX, Soc, Hoc, gpD, pVI and at least a part of a virus coat protein selected from the group consisting of variants thereof A library mainly composed of a plurality of fused polypeptides having different sequences from each other is provided. The antigen binding molecule of the present invention may further comprise a dimerization domain. In one embodiment, the dimerization domain may be between the heavy or light chain variable region of an antibody and at least a portion of a viral coat protein. The dimerization domain can include a sequence comprising at least one of the dimerization sequences and / or one or more cysteine residues. This dimerization domain may preferably be linked to the C-terminus of the heavy chain variable region or constant region. A dimerization domain, depending on whether the antibody variable region is made as a fusion polypeptide component with the viral coat protein component (no amber stop codon behind the dimerization domain), or , Depending on whether the antibody variable region is made primarily without the viral coat protein component (eg, having an amber stop codon after the dimerization domain) . When the antibody variable region is made primarily as a fusion polypeptide with a viral coat protein component, bivalent display is provided by one or more disulfide bonds and / or a single dimerization sequence.

In this specification, the term “differing in sequence from each other” in the description of a plurality of antigen-binding molecules having different sequences means that the sequences of individual antigen-binding molecules in the library are different from each other. That is, the number of different sequences in the library reflects the number of independent clones having different sequences in the library, and is sometimes referred to as “library size”. In a normal phage display library, the number is 10 ⁶ to 10 ¹² , and the library size can be increased to 10 ¹⁴ by applying a known technique such as a ribosome display method. However, the actual number of phage particles used during phage library panning selection is typically 10 to 10,000 times larger than the library size. This excess fold, also called “library equivalent number”, indicates that there can be 10 to 10,000 individual clones having the same amino acid sequence. Therefore, the term “different from each other” in the present invention means that the sequences of individual antigen-binding molecules in the library from which the number of library equivalents is excluded are different from each other, more specifically, antigen-binding molecules having different sequences from each other. This means that there are 10 ⁶ to 10 ¹⁴ molecules, preferably 10 ⁷ to 10 ¹² molecules, more preferably 10 ⁸ to 10 ¹¹ , particularly preferably 10 ⁸ to 10 ¹⁰ molecules.

Furthermore, the term “consisting mainly of” in the description of the library mainly composed of a plurality of antigen-binding molecules of the present invention means that the first and / or second antigens out of the number of independent clones having different sequences in the library. This reflects the number of antigen-binding molecules that differ in the binding activity of the antigen-binding molecule. Specifically, it is preferable that at least 10 ⁴ antigen-binding molecules exhibiting such binding activity exist in the library. More preferably, the present invention provides a library in which at least 10 ⁵ antigen-binding molecules exhibiting such binding activity are present. More preferably, the present invention provides a library in which at least 10 ⁶ antigen-binding molecules exhibiting such binding activity are present. Particularly preferably, the present invention provides a library in which there are at least 10 ⁷ antigen-binding molecules exhibiting such binding activity. Also preferably, the present invention provides a library in which at least 10 ⁸ antigen-binding molecules exhibiting such binding activity are present. In another expression, among the number of independent clones having different sequences in the library, the ratio of antigen-binding molecules having different binding activities of the antigen-binding molecule to the first and / or second antigen can be suitably expressed. . Specifically, the present invention provides that the antigen binding molecule exhibiting such binding activity is 0.1% to 80%, preferably 0.5% to 60%, more preferably 1% of the number of independent clones having different sequences in the library. From 40%, more preferably from 2% to 20%, particularly preferably from 4% to 10%. In the case of a fusion polypeptide, a polynucleotide molecule or a vector, it can be expressed by the number of molecules or a ratio in the whole molecule as described above. Moreover, in the case of a virus, it can be expressed by the number of virus individuals or the ratio of the whole individual as described above.

In the present specification, “phage display” is a technique for displaying a mutant polypeptide as a protein fused with at least a part of a coat protein on the surface of a phage, for example, a filamentous phage particle. The usefulness of phage display is the ability to rapidly and efficiently select sequences that bind with high affinity to a target antigen from a large library of randomized protein variants. Display of peptide and protein libraries on phage has been utilized to screen millions of polypeptides for specific binding properties. Multivalent phage display methods have been used to display small random peptides and proteins through fusion with gene III or gene VIII of filamentous phage (Wells and Lowman (Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. (1992 ) 3, 355-362) and references cited in it). In monovalent phage display, a library of proteins or peptides is fused to gene III or a portion thereof, and in the presence of wild type gene III protein so that the phage particles display 1 or 0 copies of the fusion protein. Expressed at low levels. Since the avidity effect is reduced compared to multivalent phage, selection is based on intrinsic ligand affinity and a phagemid vector is used, which simplifies DNA manipulation (Lowman and Wells , Methods: A Companion to Methods in Enzymology (1991) 3, 205-216).

“Phagemid” is a plasmid vector having a bacterial origin of replication, eg, ColE1 and a copy of the intergenic region of bacteriophage. As the phagemid, any known bacteriophage, for example, filamentous bacteriophage and lambda type bacteriophage can be used as appropriate. The plasmid usually also contains a selectable marker for antibiotic resistance. DNA fragments cloned into these vectors can be propagated as plasmids. When the cells into which these vectors have been introduced have all the genes necessary for the production of phage particles, the plasmid replication mode changes to rolling circle replication, with one strand copy of plasmid DNA and packaged phage Generate particles. Phagemids can form infectious or non-infectious phage particles. The term includes a phagemid comprising a phage coat protein gene, or a fragment thereof, linked to a gene of this heterologous polypeptide as a gene fusion such that the heterologous polypeptide is displayed on the surface of the phage particle.

The term “phage vector” means a double-stranded replicative form of a bacteriophage containing a heterologous gene and capable of replication. The phage vector has a phage origin of replication that allows phage replication and phage particle formation. The phage is preferably a filamentous bacteriophage such as M13, f1, fd, Pf3 phage or a derivative thereof, or a lambda type phage such as lambda, 21, phi80, phi81, 82, 424, 434, or the like or a derivative thereof.

“Oligonucleotides” are known methods (eg, phosphotriester, phosphite, or phosphoramidite chemistry utilizing solid phase techniques such as those described in EP 266032, or Froeshler et al. (Nucl. Acids. Res. (1986) 14, 5399-5407), a short, single-stranded or double-stranded polydeoxynucleotide that is chemically synthesized by the method through a deoxynucleotide H-phosphonate intermediate). is there. Other methods include the polymerase chain reaction and other autoprimer methods described below, and oligonucleotide synthesis on a solid support. All of these methods are described in Engels et al. (Agnew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. (1989) 28, 716-734). These methods are used if the entire nucleic acid sequence of the gene is known or if the sequence of the nucleic acid complementary to the coding strand is available. Alternatively, if the target amino acid sequence is known, a possible nucleic acid sequence can be inferred appropriately using known and preferred coding residues for each amino acid residue. Oligonucleotides can be purified on polyacrylamide gels or molecular sizing columns or by precipitation methods.

The terms “fusion protein” and “fusion polypeptide” refer to a polypeptide having two parts covalently bonded to each other, each part being a polypeptide having different properties. This property can be a biological property such as in vitro or in vivo activity. This property can also be a single chemical or physical property, such as binding to the antigen of interest, catalysis of the reaction, and the like. The two portions can be linked directly by a single peptide bond or via a peptide linker containing one or more amino acid residues. Usually, the two parts and the linker are in the same reading frame. Preferably, the two parts of the polypeptide are derived from heterologous or different polypeptides.

The term “coat protein” refers to a protein in which at least part of the protein is present on the surface of the virus particle. From a functional point of view, a coat protein is any protein that binds to the viral particle during the process of virus construction in the host cell and remains associated with it until the virus infects other host cells. The coat protein can be a major coat protein or a minor coat protein. The minor coat protein is a coat protein normally present in the outer shell of the virus, preferably of at least about 5, more preferably at least about 7, more preferably at least about 10 or more proteins per virion. A copy exists. The major coat protein can be in the tens, hundreds or thousands of copies per virion. An example of a major coat protein is the p8 protein of filamentous phage.

As one non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the following six methods are exemplified for preparing a library.
1. 1. Inserting a peptide that binds to a second antigen (this term is used to include polypeptides and proteins) into an antigen-binding molecule that binds to the first antigen. A library in which various amino acids appear at a position where a loop in the antigen-binding molecule can be modified (extended) long can be prepared, and an antigen-binding molecule having binding activity against any second antigen can be obtained. 2. A method for obtaining a binding activity to an antigen from a library as an index 3. Using an antibody prepared by site-directed mutagenesis from an antigen-binding molecule known to bind to the first antigen in advance, an amino acid that maintains the binding activity with the first antigen is identified, 3. A method for obtaining an antigen-binding molecule having a binding activity against an arbitrary second antigen from a library in which the identified amino acid appears using the binding activity to the antigen as an index. In the third method, an antibody library in which various amino acids appear at a position where a loop in the antigen-binding molecule can be modified (extended) long is created, and binding to an arbitrary second antigen is performed. 4. A method for obtaining an antigen-binding molecule having activity using the binding activity to an antigen from a library as an index 1.2.3. Or 4. In this method, the glycosylation sequence (for example, NxS, NxT, where x is an amino acid other than P) is modified so that the sugar chain recognized by the sugar chain receptor is added (for example, a high-mannose sugar chain is added). It is known that high mannose type sugar chains can be obtained by adding kifunensine during antibody expression (MAbs. 2012 Jul-Aug; 4 (4): 475-87))
6). 1.2.3. Alternatively, in the method of 4., Cys, Lys, or a non-natural amino acid is inserted or substituted at a loop site or a site that could be modified to various amino acids, and a domain that binds to the second antigen is added by a covalent bond. (Methods represented by antibody drug conjugates, such as covalent coupling to Cys, Lys or unnatural amino acids (mAbs 6: 1, 34-45; January / February 2014, WO2009 / 134891A2, Bioconjug Chem. 2014 Feb 19; 25 (2): 351-61))
In the six library preparation methods exemplified above, Fab or a variable region part of the antigen-binding molecule is preferably used as the position where the amino acid in the antigen-binding molecule is substituted or the position where the peptide is inserted into the antigen-binding molecule. Preferred regions include regions exposed to solvent in the variable region and loop regions. Of these, CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR3 region and loop region are preferable. Specifically, Kabat numbering 31 to 35, 50 to 65, 71 to 74, 95 to 102 of the heavy chain variable region, Kabat numbering 24 to 34, 50 to 56, 89 to 97 of the light chain variable region are preferable. More preferred are Kabat numbering 31, 52a-61, 71-74, 97-101 of the chain variable region, and Kabat numbering 24-34, 51-56, 89-96 of the L chain variable region.

Method 1 above. As an embodiment of the method for inserting a peptide that binds to the second antigen into the antigen-binding molecule that binds to the first antigen described in Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2013 Aug 5; 52 (32): 8295- A method of inserting G-CSF as exemplified in 8 can also be mentioned. In another embodiment, the peptide to be inserted can be obtained from a library displaying the peptide, but it is also possible to use the whole or part of a naturally occurring protein.

To identify amino acids that maintain the binding activity with the first antigen, CD3 (in the case of human CD3, the γ chain, δ chain, or ε chain that constitutes human CD3), for example, it is considered to be involved in antigen binding. It is possible to make an amino acid modification at the site to produce a 1 amino acid modified antibody and judge. Methods known to those skilled in the art can be appropriately selected for evaluation of CD3 binding of 1 amino acid-modified antibody. For example, ELISA, FACS (fluorescence-activated cell-sorting), ALPHA screen (Amplified-Luminescent-Proximity-Homogeneous-Assay) and surface plasmon It can be measured by the BIACORE method using the resonance (SPR) phenomenon.

In order to identify an amino acid that maintains the binding activity with CD3, for example, the result of the ratio of the binding amount of various modified forms to the antibody before modification can be used. That is, the value of Z (ratio of binding amount) = Y / X, where X is the binding amount of the antibody before modification and Y is the binding amount of the 1 amino acid variant, can be used. When Z (ratio of binding amount) is 0.5 or more, 0.6 or more, 0.7 or more, 0.8 or more, 0.9 or more, preferably 0.8 or more, it can be considered that the binding to the antibody before modification is maintained. it can. Antibody libraries can be generated such that amino acids that maintain these bonds appear.

ECM (Extracellular matrix) is one of extracellular components and exists in various parts of the living body. Therefore, it is known that an antibody that binds strongly to ECM has poor blood kinetics (shorter half-life) (WO2012093704A1). Therefore, it is preferable to select amino acids that do not enhance ECM binding for amino acids that appear in the antibody library.

In order to select an amino acid whose ECM binding is not enhanced, for example, ECM binding is evaluated according to the method of Reference Example 2, and the ECM binding value (ECL response; ECL reaction value) of each variant is determined as MRA (H chain sequence number). : 57, L chain SEQ ID NO: 58) divided by the antibody ECM binding value can be used. In consideration of the effect of ECM binding enhancement by multiple modifications, this value can be adopted as effective up to 5 times, 6 times, 7 times, 8 times, 9 times, 10 times, 15 times, 20 times, 30 times. However, it is possible to adopt up to 10 times as effective in the library. Antibody libraries can be generated so that amino acids selected in this way appear.

Although not limited to this, when the peptide insertion into CDR3 is 6 amino acids, binding to ECM will occur if there are many amino acids having a positive charge in the side chain in the extended loop of CDR3. Since it is enhanced, it is preferable that amino acids having 3 or more positive charges in the side chain do not appear in the loop.

In the library of the present invention, a peptide can be inserted into the variable region in order to enhance the diversity of the library. Preferred regions for peptide insertion include regions exposed to solvent in the variable region and loop regions. Of these, CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, FR3 region and loop region are preferable. Specifically, Kabat numbering 31 to 35, 50 to 65, 71 to 74, 95 to 102 of the heavy chain variable region, Kabat numbering 24 to 34, 50 to 56, 89 to 97 of the light chain variable region are preferable. More preferred are Kabat numbering 31, 52a-61, 71-74, 97-101 of the chain variable region, and Kabat numbering 24-34, 51-56, 89-96 of the L chain variable region. More preferred is the region of Kabat numbering 99-100 of the heavy chain variable region. Further, at the time of amino acid modification, an amino acid that increases the binding activity with the antigen may be introduced together.

As one non-limiting aspect of the present invention, the length of the inserted peptide is 1 to 3 amino acids, 4 to 6 amino acids, 7 to 9 amino acids, 10 to 12 amino acids, 13 to 15 amino acids, 15 to 20 amino acids, 21 Examples include -25 amino acids, and preferably 1 to 3 amino acids, 4 to 6 amino acids, and 7 to 9 amino acids.

The examination of the insertion position and length of the peptide for enhancing the diversity of the library can be carried out by preparing a molecule into which the peptide is inserted and evaluating the CD3 binding of the molecule. For evaluation, methods known to those skilled in the art can be selected as appropriate. For example, ELISA, FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting), ALPHA screen (Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay) or surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon is used. It can be measured by the BIACORE method.

As one non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, an antibody library for obtaining an antibody that binds to CD3 and a second antigen can be designed as follows.
Step 1: Select amino acids that retain CD3 binding ability (CD3 binding amount should be 80% or more of unmodified antibody)
For example, a library for obtaining an antibody that binds to CD3 and the second antigen can be prepared so that the amino acid selected in Step 1 appears.

As one non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, an antibody library for obtaining an antibody that binds to CD3 and a second antigen can be designed as follows.
Step 1: Select amino acids that retain CD3 binding ability (CD3 binding amount should be 80% or more of unmodified antibody)
Step 2: Insert amino acids between 99-100 (Kabat numbering) of heavy chain CDR3 For example, CD3 was enhanced by inserting amino acids into the CDR3 region in Step 2 in addition to Step 1. And a library for obtaining antibodies that bind to the second antigen.

As one non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, an antibody library for obtaining an antibody that binds to CD3 and a second antigen can be designed as follows.
Step 1: Select amino acids that retain CD3 binding ability (CD3 binding amount should be 80% or more of unmodified antibody)
Step 2: Select amino acids whose ECM binding is within 10 times compared to MRA than before modification Step 3: Insert amino acids between 99-100 (Kabat numbering) of heavy chain CDR3 For example, in addition to

steps

1 and 3 By adding step 2, amino acids that do not enhance ECM binding can be selected for amino acids that appear in the library, but the method is not limited thereto. Even if the library design does not go through step 2, it is possible to measure and evaluate ECM binding to an antigen-binding molecule obtained from the library.

As a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, when the VH region CE115HA000 (SEQ ID NO: 52) is used as a template sequence of a CD3 (CD3ε) -binding antibody, amino acids used for library design are included in the heavy chain variable region. Kabat numbering 11th, 31st, 52a, 52b, 52b, 52c, 53, 54, 56, 57, 61, 72, 78, 98, 99, 100, 100a , 100b-position, 100c-position, 100d-position, 100e-position, 100f-position, 100g-position, 101-position, any one or more amino acids, etc. can be exemplified.
The above library in which the VH region CE115HA000 (SEQ ID NO: 52) is modified with the amino acid modification of V11L / L78I is preferable, but is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the above-mentioned library in which the amino acid modification of V11L / D72A / L78I / D101Q is added to the VH region CE115HA000 (SEQ ID NO: 52) is preferable, but not limited thereto.

As a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, when the VL region GLS3000 (SEQ ID NO: 53) is used as a template sequence of a CD3 (CD3ε) -binding antibody, amino acids used for library design are included in the light chain variable region. Kabat numbering 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 27a, 27b, 27b, 27c, 27e, 30th, 31st, 33rd, 34th, 51st, 52nd, 53rd, 54th , 55, 56, 74, 77, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 96, 107 may be exemplified.

Designing a library in the present invention means, for example, NNK, TRIM Library, etc. (Gonzalez-Munoz A et al. MAbs 2012, Lee CV et al. J Mol Biol. 2004, Knappik A. et al. J Mol Biol. 2000, Tiller T et al. 、 MAbs 2013) using a known library technology, an antigen-binding domain in which an amino acid at a specific site is modified to a desired amino acid or a plurality of antigen-binding molecules containing an antigen-binding domain Designing a library containing the variants is included, but is not particularly limited to this embodiment.

The “one or more amino acids” in the present invention are not particularly limited in the number of amino acids, and there are 2 or more amino acids, 5 or more amino acids, 10 or more amino acids, 15 or more amino acids, or 20 It may be a kind of amino acid.

Regarding the presentation of fusion polypeptides, the fusion polypeptide of the variable region of an antigen binding molecule can be presented in various ways on the surface of a cell, virus or phagemid particle. These embodiments include single chain Fv fragments (scFv), F (ab) fragments and multivalent forms of these fragments. The multivalent form is preferably a dimer of ScFv, Fab or F (ab ′), which are designated herein as (ScFv) 2, F (ab) 2 and F (ab ′) 2, respectively. Is done. One reason for the preference for multivalent forms is that multivalent forms can usually identify low-affinity clones or are more efficient for rare clones during the selection process. It is thought that this is a point having a plurality of antigen-binding sites that allow easy selection.

Methods for displaying fusion polypeptides containing antibody fragments on the surface of bacteriophage are known in the art and are described, for example, in WO1992001047 and this specification. In addition, related methods are described in WO1992020791, WO1993006213, WO1993011236, and 1993019172, and those skilled in the art can appropriately use these methods. Other known references (HRHoogenboom & G.Winter (1992) J. Mol. Biol. 227, 381-388, WO1993006213 and WO1993011236) have artificially rearranged various antigens displayed on the phage surface. The identification of antibodies by the variable region gene repertoire is shown.

When a vector is constructed for presentation in the form of scFv, nucleic acid sequences encoding the light chain variable region and heavy chain variable region of the antigen binding molecule are included in this vector. In general, a nucleic acid sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region of an antigen binding molecule is fused to a viral coat protein component. The nucleic acid sequence encoding the light chain variable region of the antigen binding molecule is linked to the heavy chain variable region of the antigen binding molecule by a nucleic acid sequence encoding a peptide linker. Peptide linkers generally contain about 5 to 15 amino acids. Optionally, other sequences encoding a label useful for purification or detection, for example, of the nucleic acid sequence encoding either the light chain variable region of the antigen binding molecule or the heavy chain variable region of the antigen binding molecule or both. Can be fused to the 3 'end.

When a vector is constructed for presentation in the form of F (ab), a nucleic acid sequence encoding the variable region of the antigen-binding molecule and the constant region of the antigen-binding molecule is included in this vector. A nucleic acid encoding a light chain variable region is fused to a nucleic acid sequence encoding a light chain constant region. The nucleic acid sequence encoding the heavy chain variable region of the antigen binding molecule is fused to the nucleic acid sequence encoding the heavy chain constant CH1 region. In general, nucleic acid sequences encoding heavy chain variable regions and constant regions are fused to nucleic acid sequences encoding all or part of a viral coat protein. The heavy chain variable region and constant region are preferably expressed as a fusion with at least a portion of the viral coat protein, and the light chain variable region and constant region are expressed separately from the heavy chain viral coat protein. The heavy and light chains bind to each other, but the bond can be covalent or non-covalent. Optionally, the 3 ′ end of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the light chain constant region of the antigen binding molecule, or the heavy chain constant region of the antigen binding molecule, for example, where the other sequence encoding a polypeptide label useful for purification or detection is Can be fused to either or both of the 3 ′ ends of the nucleic acid sequences encoding

Regarding the introduction of the vector into the host cell, the vector constructed as described above is introduced into the host cell for amplification and / or expression. Vectors can be introduced into host cells by known transformation methods including electroporation, calcium phosphate precipitation, and the like. If the vector is an infectious particle such as a virus, the vector itself enters the host cell. The fusion protein is displayed on the surface of the phage particle by transfection of the host cell with a replicable expression vector into which the polynucleotide encoding the fusion protein has been inserted and production of the phage particle by known techniques.

Replicable expression vectors can be introduced into host cells using a variety of methods. In one non-limiting embodiment, the vector can be introduced into the cells using electroporation methods as described in WO2000106717. Cells are optionally cultured in standard culture medium for approximately 6 to 48 hours (or until the OD at 600 nm is 0.6 to 0.8) at 37 ° C., and then the culture medium is centrifuged (eg, decantation). The culture supernatant is removed. In the initial stage of purification, the cell pellet is preferably resuspended in a buffer (eg 1.0 mM HEPES (pH 7.4)). The supernatant is then removed from the suspension by another centrifugation. The resulting cell pellet is resuspended, for example, in glycerin diluted to 5-20% V / V. The cell pellet is obtained by removing the supernatant from the suspension again by centrifugation. Based on the measured cell concentration of the suspension obtained by resuspending the cell pellet in water or diluted glycerin, the final cell concentration is determined using water or diluted glycerin. To the desired concentration.

For example, preferable recipient cells include E. coli strain SS320 (Sidhu et al. (Methods Enzymol. (2000) 328, 333-363)) having electroporation response ability. E. coli strain SS320 was prepared by mating MC1061 cells with XL1-BLUE cells under conditions sufficient to transfer fertile episomes (F ′ plasmid) or XL1-BLUE to MC1061 cells. Deposit number 98795 is given to E. coli strain SS320 deposited at ATCC (10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Virginia). Any F ′ episome that allows phage replication in this strain can be used in the present invention. Suitable episomes are available from strains deposited with the ATCC, or are commercially available (TG1, TG CJ236, CSH18, DHF ', ER2738, JM101, JM103, JM105, JM107, JM109, JM110, KS1000, XL1-BLUE, 71-18 etc.).

When a higher DNA concentration (about 10 times) is used in electroporation, the transformation rate is improved and the amount of DNA transformed into host cells is increased. The use of high cell concentration also increases efficiency (approximately 10 times). By increasing the amount of transferred DNA, a library with greater diversity and a greater number of independent clones with different sequences can be created. Transformed cells are usually selected based on whether or not they can grow on a medium containing antibiotics.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a nucleic acid encoding the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention. The nucleic acid of the present invention may be in any form such as DNA or RNA.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a vector containing the nucleic acid of the present invention. The type of vector can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art depending on the host cell into which the vector is introduced. For example, the above-described vectors can be used.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a host cell transformed with the vector of the present invention. The host cell can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art. For example, the above-described host cell can be used.

The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention and a medically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be formulated by a known method by introducing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in addition to the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention. For example, it can be used parenterally in the form of a sterile solution with water or other pharmaceutically acceptable solution, or an injection of suspension. For example, a pharmacologically acceptable carrier or medium, specifically, sterile water or physiological saline, vegetable oil, emulsifier, suspension, surfactant, stabilizer, flavoring agent, excipient, vehicle, preservative It is conceivable to prepare a pharmaceutical preparation by combining with a binder or the like as appropriate and mixing in a unit dosage form generally required for pharmaceutical practice. Specifically, light anhydrous silicic acid, lactose, crystalline cellulose, mannitol, starch, carmellose calcium, carmellose sodium, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, medium chain fatty acid triglyceride, Examples of the carrier include polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, sucrose, carboxymethylcellulose, corn starch, and inorganic salts. The amount of active ingredient in these preparations is such that an appropriate volume within the indicated range can be obtained.

A sterile composition for injection can be formulated in accordance with normal pharmaceutical practice using a vehicle such as distilled water for injection. Aqueous solutions for injection include, for example, isotonic solutions containing physiological saline, glucose and other adjuvants such as D-sorbitol, D-mannose, D-mannitol and sodium chloride, and suitable solubilizers such as You may use together with alcohol, specifically ethanol, polyalcohol, for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, nonionic surfactant, for example, polysorbate 80 (TM), HCO-50.

Examples of the oily liquid include sesame oil and soybean oil, which may be used in combination with benzyl benzoate or benzyl alcohol as a solubilizing agent. Moreover, you may mix | blend with buffer, for example, phosphate buffer, sodium acetate buffer, a soothing agent, for example, procaine hydrochloride, stabilizer, for example, benzyl alcohol, phenol, antioxidant. The prepared injection solution is usually filled into a suitable ampoule.投与 Administration is preferably parenteral administration, and specific examples include injection, nasal administration, pulmonary administration, and transdermal administration. As an example of the injection form, it can be administered systemically or locally by, for example, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection, or the like.

Moreover, the administration method can be appropriately selected depending on the age and symptoms of the patient. The dose of the pharmaceutical composition containing the polypeptide or the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide can be selected, for example, in the range of 0.0001 mg / kg to 1000 mg / kg body weight at a time. Alternatively, for example, the dose can be selected in the range of 0.001 to 100,000 mg / body per patient, but is not necessarily limited to these values. The dose and administration method vary depending on the weight, age, symptoms, etc. of the patient, but can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.

The present invention also includes a method for treating cancer, the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention for use in the treatment of cancer, and a method for producing a therapeutic agent for cancer, comprising the step of administering the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention. There is provided a process for producing a therapeutic agent for cancer comprising the use of an antigen binding molecule of the invention and a step of using the antigen binding molecule of the invention.

The correspondence between the three-letter code of amino acids and the one-letter code used in this specification is as follows. Alanine: Ala: A Arginine: Arg: R Asparagine: Asn: N Aspartate: Asp: D cysteine: Cys: C Glutamine: Gln: Q Glutamate: Glu: E glycine: Gly: G histidine: His: H isoleucine: Ile: I leucine: Leu: L lysine: Lys: K methionine: Met: M phenylalanine: Phe: F proline: Pro: P serine: Ser: S threonine: Thr: T tryptophan: Trp: W tyrosine: Tyr: Y valine: Val: V

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that any combination of one or more aspects described in this specification is included in the present invention as long as there is no technical contradiction based on the common general knowledge of those skilled in the art. .

Note that all prior art documents cited in the present specification are incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited to the following examples.

[Example 1] Binding to CD3 (first antigen) and another antigen (second antigen), and simultaneously to CD3 (first antigen) and another antigen (second antigen) on different cells Concept of modified immunoglobulin variable (Fab) region that does not bind to immunoglobulins Crosslinks of activated FcγR by simultaneously binding to two or more molecules of active FcγR, or simultaneously binding to another antigen and active FcγR When the reaction takes place, it is considered that the FcγR ITAM signal is transmitted and immune cells may be activated. As described above, one molecule of IgG-type antibody can bind only to one molecule of FcγR, and therefore, only in the presence of an antigen, two or more molecules of active FcγR are cross-linked to activate immune cells.

In addition, when an IgG-type antibody binds to an antigen in the variable region (Fab), it can bind to one molecule of FcγR at the same time in the Fc region, so that cells expressing the antigen and FcγR-expressing cells Cross-linking occurs. Depending on the cell in which the antigen is expressed, there may be cases where cross-linking of the antigen and FcγR is not preferred. Specifically, for example, when the antigen is CD3, immune activation such as cytokine release occurs when T cells crosslink with FcγR-expressing cells (J. Immunol. (1999) Aug 1, 163). (3), 1246-52). In such a case, by introducing a modification into the Fc region, it is possible to eliminate the FcγR binding activity and prevent the cross-linking reaction between the antigen and FcγR (Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2006) 58, 640- 656) . Similarly, when the antigen of an IgG type antibody is a TNFR superfamily molecule such as CD40, OX40, or CD27, or a TLR such as CD3 and TLR2, 4, 8, 9 or the like, when cross-linking occurs via FcγR, Since immune activation occurs throughout the body, it is not preferred to bind to these molecules expressed in different cells simultaneously.

On the other hand, conventional multispecific antibodies bind to a plurality of antigens at the same time. However, depending on the combination of antigens, it may not be preferable to bind to a plurality of antigens at the same time. For example, the integrin αvβ3, known as an adhesion molecule, is expressed in many cancer cells and blood vessels around the tumor, making it useful as a target molecule for targeting tumors (R. Haubner, PLoS Med., 2 , e70 (2005)), but on the other hand, it is also known to be expressed in various normal cells (Thromb Haemost. 1998 Nov; 80 (5): 726-34.). Therefore, if a multispecific antibody binds to both CD3 and integrin αvβ3 simultaneously, there is a possibility that normal cells may be damaged by the strong cytotoxic activity of T cells.

Therefore, as a method for controlling such an unfavorable cross-linking reaction, in one variable (Fab) region, a part of the variable (Fab) region binds to the first antigen and does not participate in the binding. Thus, a variable binding region (Dual Binding Fab) binding to the second antigen was considered (FIG. 1). At this time, as shown in FIG. 1, when two adjacent portions in one variable (Fab) region are essential for binding to each antigen, the binding of the second antigen occurs when the first antigen binds. Is inhibited, and similarly, when the binding of the second antigen is bound, the binding of the first antigen is inhibited. Therefore, since such an improved antibody having the properties of Dual Binding Fab cannot simultaneously bind to the first antigen and the second antigen, the cross-linking reaction between the first antigen and the second antigen does not occur. It was thought that it was not (Fig. 2). In addition, when the first antigen and the second antigen are not expressed on the cell membrane as in the soluble protein, or both are present on the same cell, the first antigen and the second antigen Although it can bind to both antigens at the same time, when it is expressed on different cells, it does not bind at the same time, and the case where two cells are not cross-linked is also considered as a Dual Binding Fab (FIG. 3). On the other hand, it is considered that the antigen (third antigen) that binds to the other variable (Fab) region undergoes a crosslinking reaction with the first antigen (FIG. 4) and also with the second antigen. (FIG. 5). As the constant region of the antibody, an Fc region that binds to FcγR can be used, or an Fc region with reduced binding activity to FcγR can be used.
By utilizing such a property of Dual Binding Fab, for example, a technique for damaging cancer cells expressing cancer antigens by redirecting T cells via antibodies, and further a target function for integrin in cancer tissue. By having it, it becomes possible to further increase the cancer specificity.

That is, an antibody having the action shown in FIG. 1 can be created if the following properties can be imparted by improving the variable (Fab) region to form a dual binding Fab.
1. 1. It has binding activity for the first antigen. 2. It has binding activity for the second antigen. It does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen at the same time. “Does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen at the same time” means that the cell expressing the first antigen and the second antigen Do not cross-link two of the cells in which are expressed, or do not simultaneously bind to the first and second antigens expressed in separate cells, respectively, and If the antigen is not expressed on the cell membrane like a soluble protein, or both are present on the same cell, they can bind to both the first and second antigens simultaneously. However, when they are expressed on different cells, they may not be able to bind at the same time.

Similarly, by modifying the variable (Fab) region to form a dual binding Fab, if the following properties can be imparted, for example, an antibody having the action shown in FIG. 6 can be created. is there.
1. 1. has binding activity to the first antigen on T cells 2. It has binding activity for a second antigen on the antigen-presenting cell. Does not bind to the first and second antigens simultaneously

[Example 2] Preparation of anti-human, cynomolgus monkey CD3ε antibody CE115 (2-1) Preparation of hybridoma using human CD3, cynomolgus monkey CD3-expressing cell-immunized rat SD rat (female, 6 weeks old at the start of immunization, Charles River, Japan) ) Were immunized with human CD3εγ or cynomolgus monkey CD3εγ-expressing Ba / F3 cells as follows. When the first immunization was taken as

day

0, 5 × 10 ⁷ human CD3εγ-expressing Ba / F3 cells were intraperitoneally administered on day 0 together with Freund's complete adjuvant (Difco). On day 14, 5 x 10 ⁷ cynomolgus monkey CD3εγ-expressing Ba / F3 cells were administered intraperitoneally with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (Difco), then 5 x 10 ⁷ human or cynomolgus CD3εγ expression 4 times every other week Ba / F3 cells were alternately administered intraperitoneally. One week after the final administration of CD3εγ (day 49), human CD3εγ-expressing Ba / F3 cells were intravenously administered as a boost, and 3 days later, rat spleen cells and mouse myeloma cells SP2 / 0 were treated with PEG1500 (Roche The cells were fused according to a conventional method using Diagnostics. The fused cells, that is, hybridomas, were cultured in RPMI1640 medium containing 10% FBS (hereinafter referred to as 10% FBS / RPMI1640).

On the next day after the fusion, (1) the fused cells were suspended in a semi-fluid medium (StemCells) to perform selective culture of the hybridoma and colonize the hybridoma.

On the 9th or 10th day after fusion, colonies of hybridomas are picked up, and HAT selection medium (10% FBS / RPMI1640, 2 vol% HAT 50x concentrate (Dainippon Pharmaceutical), 5 vol% BM-Condimed H1 (Roche Diagnostics) ) Was inoculated in a 96-well plate with 1 colony per well. After culturing for 3 to 4 days, the culture supernatant of each well was collected, and the rat IgG concentration in the culture supernatant was measured. For the culture supernatant in which rat IgG was confirmed, clones that produce antibodies that specifically bind to human CD3εγ by cell-ELISA with human CD3εγ-expressing Ba / F3 cells or Ba / F3 that does not express human CD3εγ. Selected (Figure 7). Furthermore, by performing cell-ELISA to which cynomolgus monkey CD3εγ-expressing Ba / F3 cells were attached, cross-reactivity to monkey CD3εγ was also evaluated (FIG. 7).

(2-2) Preparation of anti-human, monkey CD3ε chimeric antibody Total RNA was extracted from hybridoma cells using RNeasy Mini Kits (QIAGEN), and cDNA was synthesized using SMART RACE cDNA Amplification Kit (BD Biosciences). Using the prepared cDNA, the antibody variable region gene was inserted into a cloning vector by PCR. The base sequence of each DNA fragment was determined using the BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems) with the DNA sequencer ABI PRISM 3700 DNA Sequencer (Applied Biosystems) according to the method described in the attached instructions. The determination of CDR and FR of CE115 heavy chain variable region (SEQ ID NO: 13) and CE115 light chain variable region (SEQ ID NO: 14) was performed according to Kabat numbering.

The chimeric antibody H chain in which the rat antibody H chain variable region and the human antibody IgG1 chain constant region are combined, and the chimeric antibody L chain gene in which the rat antibody L chain variable region and the human antibody Kappa chain constant region are combined It was integrated into a cell expression vector. CE115 chimeric antibody was expressed and purified using the prepared expression vector (Reference Example 1).

(2-3) Preparation of EGFR_ERY22_CE115 Next, a molecule was prepared in which IgG for cancer antigen (EGFR) was used as a basic skeleton and one Fab was replaced with a binding domain for CD3ε. At this time, as the Fc of IgG as a basic skeleton, silent Fc with reduced binding to FcgR (Fcγ receptor) was used as in the case described above. Cetuximab-VH (SEQ ID NO: 15) and Cetuximab-VL (SEQ ID NO: 16), which are variable regions of Cetuximab, were used as binding domains for EGFR. G1d with Gly and Lys removed from the C-terminus of IgG1, A5 with D356K and H435R mutations introduced into G1d, and B3 with K439E mutation introduced into G1d as the antibody H chain constant region, and Cetuximab-VH Cetuximab-VH-G1d (SEQ ID NO: 17), Cetuximab-VH-A5 (SEQ ID NO: 18), and Cetuximab-VH-B3 (SEQ ID NO: 19) were prepared according to the method of Reference Example 1. . When the name of the antibody H chain constant region is H1, the sequence corresponding to the H chain of the antibody having Cetuximab-VH in the variable region is shown as Cetuximab-VH-H1.
Here, when an amino acid modification is indicated, it is indicated as D356K. The first alphabet (corresponding to D in D356K) means the alphabet when the amino acid residue before modification is shown in single letter notation, and the following number (corresponding to 356 in D356K) means the EU numbering of the modified part The last alphabet (corresponding to K in D356K) means the alphabet in the case where the amino acid residue after modification is indicated by a single letter.

EGFR_ERY22_CE115 (FIG. 8) was prepared by replacing the VH domain and VL domain of Fab for EGFR. That is, by methods known to those skilled in the art such as PCR using a primer added with an appropriate sequence similar to the method described above, EGFR ERY22_Hk (SEQ ID NO: 20), EGFR ERY22_L (SEQ ID NO: 21), CE115_ERY22_Hh ( A series of expression vectors into which a polynucleotide encoding each of SEQ ID NO: 22) and CE115_ERY22_L (SEQ ID NO: 23) was inserted were prepared.

The following combinations of expression vectors were introduced into FreeStyle293-F cells to transiently express each target molecule.
・ Target molecule: EGFR_ERY22_CE115
-Polypeptides encoded by polynucleotides inserted into expression vectors: EGFR_ERY22_Hk, EGFR_ERY22_L, CE115_ERY22_Hh, CE115_ERY22_L

(2-4) Purification of EGFR_ERY22_CE115 The obtained culture supernatant was added to an Anti FLAG M2 column (Sigma), and the column was washed and then eluted with 0.1 mg / mL FLAG peptide (Sigma). . The fraction containing the target molecule was added to a HisTrap HP column (GE Healthcare), and the column was washed and then eluted with an imidazole concentration gradient. After the fraction containing the target molecule was concentrated by ultrafiltration, the fraction was added to a Superdex 200 column (GE Healthcare) and purified by collecting only the monomer fraction of the eluate. The target molecule was obtained.

(2-5) Measurement of cytotoxic activity using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (2-5-1) Preparation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) solution 1,000 units / mL heparin solution 50 mL of peripheral blood was collected from healthy volunteers (adults) using a syringe in which 100 μL of Novo heparin injection (5,000 units, Novo Nordisk) was injected in advance. Leucosep lymphocyte separation tube (Cat. No. 227290, Greiner) in which peripheral blood, which had been divided into 4 equal parts after dilution with PBS (-), was centrifuged in advance by injecting 15 mL of Ficoll-Paque PLUS. bio-one). After centrifugation of the separation tube (2,150 rpm, 10 minutes, room temperature), the mononuclear cell fraction layer was collected. After the cells of the mononuclear cell fraction were washed once with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (SIGMA, 10% FBS / D-MEM) containing 10% FBS, the cell density was 4 × 10 ⁶ / Prepared to 10 mL using 10% FBS / D-MEM. The cell solution thus prepared was used as a human PBMC solution in subsequent tests.

(2-5-2) Measurement of cytotoxic activity Cytotoxic activity was evaluated based on the cell growth inhibition rate using an xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). As the target cell, the SK-pca13a cell line established by forcibly expressing human EGFR in the SK-HEP-1 cell line was used. SK-pca13a is detached from the dish, seeded at 100 μL / well on an E-Plate 96 plate (Roche Diagnostics) at 1 × 10 ⁴ cells / well, and live cells using xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer Measurement was started. On the next day, the plate was taken out from the xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer, and 50 μL of each antibody prepared at each concentration (0.004, 0.04, 0.4, 4 nM) was added to the plate. After reacting at room temperature for 15 minutes, add 50 μL (2 × 10 ⁵ cells / well) of the human PBMC solution prepared in (2-5-1) and reset the plate in the xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer. Cell measurement was started. The reaction was carried out under conditions of 5% carbon dioxide gas and 37 ° C., and the cell growth inhibition rate (%) was determined from the Cell Index value 72 hours after the addition of human PBMC by the following formula. As the Cell Index value used for the calculation, a numerical value after normalization was used so that the Cell Index value immediately before the antibody addition was 1.
Cell growth inhibition rate (%) = (AB) x 100 / (A-1)
A shows the average Cell Index value in the wells to which no antibody is added (only target cells and human PBMC), and B shows the average Cell Index value in each well. The test was performed in triplicate.

When the cytotoxic activity of EGFR_ERY22_CE115 using CE115 was measured using PBMC prepared from human blood as effector cells, an extremely strong activity was observed (FIG. 9).

[Example 3] Preparation of antibody that binds to CD3 and human integrin αvβ3 but does not bind simultaneously As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, Dual binding Fab is a variable (Fab) region of CD3 (first antigen). ) And the target antigen (second antigen), but does not bind to CD3 (first antigen) and target antigen (second antigen) at the same time. When an amino acid modification is introduced into the Fab region of an antibody that binds to CD3 (first antigen) in order to bind to the second antigen, the amino acid modification is usually introduced into both the two H chains or L chains. However, when a modification is introduced into both H chains or L chains, the two Fabs of the antibody bind to the two antigens, respectively, so that the two Fabs and CD3 (first antigen) and the target antigen ( (Second antigen) may be simultaneously bound and cross-linked. Therefore, one Fab of the antibody is a Fab that binds to the third antigen or binds nothing, and the other Fab is a dual binding Fab, and CD3 (the first antigen) and the target antigen (the second antigen). The cross-linking reaction of the antigens of

(3-1) Production of an antibody that binds to CD3 and human integrin αvβ3 but does not bind at the same time Integrin αvβ3, known as an adhesion molecule, is expressed in many cancer cells and blood vessels around the tumor From the above, it is known that it is useful as a target molecule for targeting tumors, but is also expressed in various normal cells (Thromb Haemost. 1998 Nov; 80 (5): 726-34.). Therefore, it was considered that if CD3 and integrin αvβ3 are bound simultaneously, normal cells may be damaged by the strong cytotoxic activity of T cells. Therefore, if a molecule that does not bind CD3 and integrin αvβ3 at the same time could be prepared, it was thought that anti-EGFR antibody molecules could be targeted to tumor cells expressing integrin αvβ3 without damaging normal cells. That is, it binds to EGFR at one variable region (Fab), binds to CD3 as the first antigen, binds to integrin αvβ3 as the second antigen, and binds to CD3 and integrin αvβ3. We studied the acquisition of dual binding Fab molecules that do not bind simultaneously.

`` A molecule that binds CD3 and Fab region in the absence of integrin αvβ3, and integrin αvβ3 and Fab region in the absence of CD3, and a molecule that binds to CD3 does not bind to integrin αvβ3, or If it can be shown that the molecule bound to the integrin αvβ3 is a molecule that does not bind to CD3, it can bind to the target dual binding binding Fab (ie, bind to CD3 and the second antigen, and to the CD3 and the second antigen). It can be said that it was possible to create a dual binding しない Fab molecule that does not bind to the antigen at the same time.

(3-2) Acquisition of an antibody having a Fab region that binds to integrin αvβ3 As a method of acquiring a dual binding Fab molecule, a method using a library and a peptide known to have a binding activity to a protein The method of inserting was considered. An RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide is known as a peptide having binding activity for integrin αvβ3. Therefore, CE115 (heavy chain variable region SEQ ID NO :), which is a heterodimerized antibody in which one side of the Fab is an EGFR binding domain and the other side of the Fab is a CD3 binding domain and an integrin αvβ3 binding domain and binds to CD3ε. 13. Light chain variable region SEQ ID NO: 14) A heterodimerized antibody in which an RGD peptide was inserted into the heavy chain loop was prepared according to Reference Example 1. That is, a series of polynucleotides encoding any of the following together with polynucleotides encoding EGFR ERY22_Hk (SEQ ID NO: 20), EGFR ERY22_L (SEQ ID NO: 21) and CE115_ERY22_L (SEQ ID NO: 23), respectively. An expression vector was created:
CE115_2 ERY22_Hh (SEQ ID NO: 24, Kabat numbering 52b-53 replaced with K and N, respectively),
CE115_4 ERY22_Hh (SEQ ID NO: 25, Kabat numbering 52b-54 replaced with S and N, respectively),
CE115_9 ERY22_Hh (SEQ ID NO: 26, RGD inserted between Kabat numbering 52a-52b),
CE115_10 ERY22_Hh (SEQ ID NO: 27, RGD inserted between Kabat numbering 52b-52c),
CE115_12 ERY22_Hh (SEQ ID NO: 28, RGD inserted between Kabat numbering 72-73),
CE115_17 ERY22_Hh (SEQ ID NO: 29, replacing Kabat numbering 52b-52c with K and S, respectively),
CE115_47 ERY22_Hh (SEQ ID NO: 30, RGD inserted between Kabat numbering 98-99),
CE115_48 ERY22_Hh (SEQ ID NO: 31, insert RGD between Kabat numbering 99-100),
CE115_49 ERY22_Hh (SEQ ID NO: 32, inserted into RGD between Kabat numbering 100-100a).
As a control, an antibody (EH240-Kn125 / EH240-Hl076 / L73) in which an RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide is inserted into the CH3 region of an antibody reported in J. Biotech, 155, 193-202, 2011 ; SEQ ID NO: 33/34/35) was prepared according to Reference Example 1. This molecule that binds to integrin αvβ3 through the CH3 region is thought to be able to bind to CD3 and integrin αvβ3 simultaneously.

(3-3) Confirmation of binding of integrin αvβ3 and antibody Whether or not a molecule having an RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide inserted in the Fab region binds to integrin αvβ3 was determined by electrochemiluminescence method (ECL method). Specifically, biotin-anti human IgG Ab (Southern biotech) diluted with a TBS solution containing 0.1% BSA and 0.1 g / L calcium chloride and 0.1 g / L magnesium chloride (denoted as a diluted (+) solution) , Antibody solution prepared to 5 μg / mL or 1 μg / mL and integrin αvβ3 (R & D Systems) with sulfo-tag added to Nunc-Immuno (tm) MicroWell (tm) 96 well round plates (Nunc) 25 μL each was added to each well, mixed, and then incubated overnight at 4 ° C. to form antibody-antigen complexes. Add 150 μL of TBS solution (referred to as blocking (+) solution) containing 0.5% BSA, 0.1 g / L calcium chloride and 0.1 g / L magnesium chloride to each well of streptavidin plate (MSD) and incubate overnight at 4 ° C. did. After removing the blocking solution, the plate was washed 3 times with 250 μL of a TBS solution (denoted as TBS (+) solution) containing 0.1 g / L calcium chloride and 0.1 g / L magnesium chloride. 75 μL of the antibody-antigen complex solution was added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours to bind biotin-anti human IgG Ab to the streptavidin plate. After removing the antibody-antigen complex solution, the plate was washed 3 times with TBS (+) solution, 150 μL of READ buffer (MSD) was added to each well, and the sulfo-tag luminescence signal was detected with Sector Imager 2400 (MSD). .

The result is shown in FIG. The parent antibodies EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L did not show any binding activity against integrin αvβ3, whereas EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_2 ERY22_Hh / CE115_EGFRYR_22 CE115_4 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_9 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_10 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_12 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_17 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_47 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_48 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY115_LER / 115

(3-4) Confirmation of binding between CD3 (CD3ε) and antibody Next, it was determined by the ECL method whether the antibody that binds to the integrin αvβ3 prepared in the previous section and the Fab region has binding activity to CD3. Specifically, biotin-anti human IgG Ab (Southern biotech) diluted with TBS solution containing 0.1% BSA (referred to as “diluted (−) solution”) was prepared to 5 μg / mL or 1 μg / mL. Add 25 μL of the antibody solution and CD3ε homodimeric protein with sulfo-tag to each well of Nunc-Immuno (tm) MicroWell (tm) 96 well round plates (Nunc), mix, Incubated overnight at 0 ° C. to form antibody-antigen complexes. 150 μL of a TBS solution containing 0.5% BSA (referred to as blocking (−) solution) was added to each well of the streptavidin plate (MSD) and incubated overnight at 4 ° C. After removing the blocking solution, it was washed 3 times with 250 μL of TBS solution (−) solution. 75 μL of the antibody-antigen complex solution was added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours to bind biotin-anti human IgG Ab to the streptavidin plate. After removing the antibody-antigen complex solution, it was washed 3 times with TBS (-) solution, 150 μL of READ buffer (MSD) was added to each well, and the luminescence signal of sulfo-tag was detected with Sector Imager 2400 (MSD). .

The result is shown in FIG. In addition to the parent antibody EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_2 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_4 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_9 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_10 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_12 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_17 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_47 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / Binding of CD3 to CE115_48 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_49 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L was observed.

(3-5) Confirming that integrin αvβ3 and CD3 do not bind to the Fab region at the same time by the ECL method From the results up to the previous section, molecules having binding activity to integrin αvβ3 and binding activity to CD3 was gotten. Next, it was determined whether or not the Fab region prepared up to the previous section binds simultaneously with CD3 (CD3ε) and integrin αvβ3.

When a molecule with RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide inserted in the Fab region binds to integrin αvβ3 and CD3 simultaneously, adding integrin αvβ3 and biotin-added CD3 to the antibody solution binds to both antigens. It can be detected by the ECL method. Specifically, human CD3ε homodimeric protein with biotin diluted with diluted (+) solution, antibody solution prepared at 10 μg / mL or 5 μg / mL, and integrin with sulfo-tag added Add αvβ3 (R & D Systems) to each well of Nunc-Immuno (tm) MicroWell (tm) 96 well round plates (Nunc), mix, and incubate overnight at 4 ° C for antibody-antigen complex Formed. 150 μL of blocking (+) sputum solution was added to each well of streptavidin plate (MSD) and incubated overnight at 4 ° C. After removing the blocking solution, the plate was washed 3 times with 250 μL of a TBS (+) solution containing 0.1 g / L calcium chloride and 0.1 g / L magnesium chloride. 75 μL of the antibody-antigen complex solution was added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours to bind biotin-anti human IgG Ab to streptavidin plate. After removing the antibody-antigen complex solution, wash 3 times with TBS (+) solution, add 150 µL of READ buffer (MSD) to each well, and detect the luminescence signal of sulfo-tag with Sector Imager 2400 (MSD). .

The results are shown in FIGS. EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_2 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_12_ERY22_HY_ Y115_22_ERY22 By binding to αvβ3 and CD3 simultaneously, a strong signal was detected in ECL measurement. On the other hand, in EGFR 弱い ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_9 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L and EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_48 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, the signal was weak (Fig. 13). Further, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_4 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_10 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_47 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, none of the EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_49 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L ECL Measurements Almost no signal was detected in (FIG. 14). That is, it was suggested that these antibodies do not bind to integrin αvβ3 when bound to CD3.

(3-6) Consideration that integrin αvβ3 and CD3 do not bind to Fab region simultaneously by ECL method From the above results, one Fab binds to CD3 (CD3ε) and integrin αvβ3 respectively, and CD3 (CD3ε) and An antibody having the characteristics of a dual binding Fab molecule that does not bind to integrin αvβ3 simultaneously can be created. In this example, for an antibody having a variable region that binds to CD3, which is the first antigen, an RGD peptide that binds to integrin αvβ3, which is the second antigen, is inserted into the Fab. It was possible to obtain a molecule that imparts binding activity to the two antigens and does not bind to CD3 and the second antigen at the same time. In the same manner, a dual binding Fab molecule that has binding activity to any second antigen by inserting a peptide having binding activity to a protein as exemplified in WO2006036834 into a loop in the Fab. Can be obtained. In addition, a peptide showing binding activity to a protein can be obtained by preparing a peptide library using a method known to those skilled in the art and selecting a peptide having a desired activity (Pasqualini R., Nature , 1996, 380 (6572): 364-6). Furthermore, by using a library of antigen-binding molecules in which the loop in the Fab has been modified (extended) as described in Example 5, a dual binding Fab molecule having binding activity to any second antigen Is considered possible. Since the variable region for the first antigen can be obtained by various methods known to those skilled in the art, by using such a library, any first antigen and any second antigen can be obtained. It can be said that it is possible to create a dual binding Fab molecule that has binding activity to and that cannot simultaneously bind to the first antigen and the second antigen.

These results, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_4 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_10 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_47 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_49 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L is It was shown to bind to CD3 and integrin αvβ3 but not to CD3 and integrin αvβ3 simultaneously. That EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_4 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_10 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_47 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_49 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L have dual binding Fab It has become clear that it is possible to create such molecules.

[Example 4] Preparation of antibody that binds to CD3 and human toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) but does not bind simultaneously (4-1) Preparation pattern of antibody that binds to CD3 and human TLR2 but does not bind simultaneously TLR2, which is known as a recognition receptor, is mainly expressed in immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells and is useful as a target molecule for activating immune cells. In addition, TLR2 is known to be expressed in normal cells other than immune cells such as epithelial cells and endothelial cells. By simultaneously binding the cancer antigen and CD3, the T cells that express CD3 are recruited into the tumor environment, and the cancer cells are damaged by the T cell. At the same time, the cancer antigen and TLR2 are simultaneously bound. This suggested that immune cells that express TLR2 in the tumor environment can also be recruited and activated. Cancer cells injured by T cells can be activated by immune cells recruited by TLR2 and activated by processing antigens and presenting them to HLA, making T cells more active And may also induce acquired immunity. However, when CD3 and TLR2 were simultaneously bound, it was considered that immune cells and normal cells might be damaged by the strong cytotoxic activity of T cells. Therefore, if a molecule that does not bind CD3 and TLR2 at the same time can be produced, it was considered that these cells could be recruited without damaging immune cells and normal cells that express TLR2. That is, it binds to EGFR in one variable region (Fab), binds to CD3 as the first antigen in another variable region, further binds to TLR2 as the second antigen, and binds to CD3 and TLR2. The acquisition of dual binding Fab molecules that do not bind simultaneously was investigated.

`` Molecules that bind CD3 and Fab region in the absence of TLR2 and TLR2 and Fab region in the absence of CD3, and molecules that bind to CD3 do not bind to TLR2, or bind to TLR2 If it can be shown that the molecule is a molecule that does not bind to CD3, the characteristics of the target dual binding Fab (that is, it can bind to CD3 and the second antigen and simultaneously to CD3 and the second antigen) It can be said that a dual 出来 binding を Fab molecule having no binding) has been created.

(4-2) Acquisition of antibody having Fab region that binds to TLR2 As a peptide having binding activity to human TLR2, RWGYHLRDRKYKGVRSHKGVPR peptide (SEQ ID NO: 36) is known. Therefore, CE115 (heavy chain variable region SEQ ID NO: 13), which is a heterodimerized antibody in which one Fab is an EGFR binding domain and the other Fab is a CD3 binding domain and a TLR2 binding domain, is an antibody that binds to CD3ε. , Light chain variable region SEQ ID NO: 14) A heterodimerized antibody antibody in which a TRL2-binding peptide was inserted into the heavy chain loop was prepared according to Reference Example 1. That is, a series of polynucleotides encoding any of the following together with polynucleotides encoding EGFR ERY22_Hk (SEQ ID NO: 20), EGFR ERY22_L (SEQ ID NO: 21), and CE115_ERY22_L (SEQ ID NO: 23), respectively. The following expression vectors were made:
CE115_DU21 ERY22_Hh (SEQ ID NO: 37, TRL2-binding peptide inserted between Kabat numbering 52b-52c),
CE115_DU22 ERY22_Hh (SEQ ID NO: 38, TRL2-binding peptide inserted between Kabat numbering 52b-52c),
CE115_DU26 ERY22_Hh (SEQ ID NO: 39, TRL2-binding peptide inserted between Kabat numbering 72-73),
CE115_DU27 ERY22_Hh (SEQ ID NO: 40, TRL2-binding peptide inserted between Kabat numbering 72-73).
In addition, as a control, an antibody (CE115_ERY22_DU42_Hh, SEQ ID NO: 41) having a TLR2-binding peptide added to the C-terminus of the CH3 region, and an antibody (CE115_ ERY22_DU43_Hh, SEQ ID NO: 42) was prepared according to Reference Example 1. This molecule that binds to TLR2 via the CH3 region is thought to be able to bind to CD3 and TLR2 simultaneously.

(4-3) Confirmation of binding between TLR2 and antibody It was determined by electrochemiluminescence method (ECL method) whether or not a molecule having a TLR2 binding peptide inserted into the Fab region binds to TLR2. Specifically, biotin-anti human IgG Ab (Southern biotech) diluted with TBS solution containing 0.1% BSA (referred to as “diluted (−) solution”) was prepared to 5 μg / mL or 1 μg / mL. Add 25 μL of antibody solution and sulfo-tag added TLR2 (abnova) to each well of Nunc-Immuno (tm) MicroWell (tm) 96 well round plates (Nunc) and mix at 4 ° C. Incubate overnight to allow antibody-antigen complexes to form. 150 μL of a TBS solution containing 0.5% BSA (referred to as blocking (−) solution) was added to each well of the streptavidin plate (MSD) and incubated overnight at 4 ° C. After removing the blocking solution, the plate was washed 3 times with 250 μL of TBS (−) solution. 75 μL of the antibody-antigen complex solution was added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours to bind biotin-anti human IgG Ab to the streptavidin plate. After removing the antibody-antigen complex solution, it was washed 3 times with TBS (-) solution, 150 μL of READ buffer (MSD) was added to each well, and the luminescence signal of sulfo-tag was detected with Sector Imager 2400 (MSD). .

The result is shown in FIG. The parent antibody EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L did not show any binding activity against TLR2, whereas EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU21 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22Y22_L ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU26 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU27 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L

(4-4) Confirmation of binding between CD3 ( CD3ε ) and antibody Next, it was determined by the ECL method whether the antibody that binds to TLR2 and the Fab region prepared in the previous section has binding activity to CD3 (CD3ε). Specifically, biotin-anti human IgG Ab (Southern biotech) diluted with TBS solution containing 0.1% BSA (referred to as “diluted (−) solution”) was prepared to 5 μg / mL or 1 μg / mL. Add 25 μL of the antibody solution and CD3ε homodimeric protein with sulfo-tag to each well of Nunc-Immuno (tm) MicroWell (tm) 96 well round plates (Nunc), mix, Incubated overnight at 0 ° C. to form antibody-antigen complexes. 150 μL of a TBS solution containing 0.5% BSA (referred to as blocking (−) solution) was added to each well of the streptavidin plate (MSD) and incubated overnight at 4 ° C. After removing the blocking solution, it was washed 3 times with 250 μL of TBS solution (−) solution. 75 μL of the antibody-antigen complex solution was added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours to bind biotin-anti human IgG Ab to the streptavidin plate. After removing the antibody-antigen complex solution, it was washed 3 times with TBS (-) solution, 150 μL of READ buffer (MSD) was added to each well, and the luminescence signal of sulfo-tag was detected with Sector Imager 2400 (MSD). .

The result is shown in FIG. In addition to the parent antibody EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU21 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU22 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU26 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, Binding to CD3 was observed in each of EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU27 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L.

(4-5) Confirmation that TLR2 and CD3 do not bind to the Fab region at the same time by the ECL method From the results up to the previous section, a molecule having binding activity to TLR2 and binding activity to CD3 was obtained. It was. Next, it was determined whether or not the Fab region prepared up to the previous section binds simultaneously with CD3 and TLR2.

When a molecule with a TLR2-binding peptide inserted into the Fab region binds to TLR2 and CD3 simultaneously, adding TLR2 and biotin-added CD3 to the antibody solution binds to both antigens and can be detected by the ECL method. . Specifically, human CD3ε homodimeric protein with biotin diluted with diluted (-) solution, antibody solution prepared at 10 μg / mL or 5 μg / mL, and TLR2 with sulfo-tag added (R & D®Systems) was added to each well of Nunc-Immuno (tm) MicroWell (tm) 96 well round plates (Nunc), mixed, and incubated overnight at 4 ° C. Formed. 150 μL of blocking (−) 150 solution was added to each well of streptavidin plate (MSD) and incubated at 4 ° C. overnight. After removing the blocking solution, the plate was washed 3 times with 250 μL of a TBS (−) solution containing 0.1 g / L calcium chloride and 0.1 g / L magnesium chloride. 75 μL of the antibody-antigen complex solution was added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 2 hours to bind biotin-anti human IgG Ab to streptavidin plate. After removing the antibody-antigen complex solution, wash 3 times with TBS (-) solution, add 150 μL of READ buffer (MSD) to each well, and detect the sulfo-tag luminescence signal with Sector Imager 2400 (MSD). .

The result is shown in FIG. EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU42 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU43 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L is detected by CL at the same time. It was. On the other hand, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU21 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU22 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU26 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU27 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L Both ECL Little signal was detected in the measurement. That is, it was suggested that when these antibodies bind to CD3, they do not bind to TLR2.

(4-6) Consideration that TLR2 and CD3 do not bind to Fab region at the same time by ECL method Based on the above results, dual binding does not bind to CD3 and TLR2 at the same time. We were able to create antibodies with the characteristics of Fab molecules. In this example, by inserting an RWGYHLRDRKYKGVRSHKGVPR peptide that binds to the second antigen TLR2 into the Fab by inserting into the Fab an antibody having a variable region that binds to the first antigen CD3. It was possible to obtain a molecule that imparts the binding activity to the other antigen and does not bind to CD3 and the second antigen at the same time. In the same manner, a dual binding Fab molecule that has binding activity to any second antigen by inserting a peptide having binding activity to a protein as exemplified in WO2006036834 into a loop in the Fab. Can be obtained. In addition, a peptide showing binding activity to a protein can be obtained by preparing a peptide library using a method known to those skilled in the art and selecting a peptide having a desired activity (Pasqualini R., Nature , 1996, 380 (6572): 364-6)). Furthermore, by using a library of antigen-binding molecules in which the loop in the Fab has been modified (extended) as described in Example 5, a dual binding Fab molecule having binding activity to any second antigen Is considered possible. Since the variable region for the first antigen can be obtained by various methods known to those skilled in the art, by using such a library, any first antigen and any second antigen can be obtained. It can be said that it is possible to create a dual binding Fab molecule that has a binding activity to the first antigen and cannot simultaneously bind to the first antigen and the second antigen.

These results, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU21 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU22 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU26 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU27 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L is It was shown to bind to CD3 and TLR2, but not to CD3 and TLR2 simultaneously. That EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU21 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU22 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU26 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_DU27 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L have dual binding Fab It has become clear that it is possible to create such molecules.

[Example 5] Modification of antibody for preparation of antibody that binds to CD3 and second antigen (5-1) Examination of insertion position and length of peptide capable of binding to second antigen Variable region on one side (Fab ) Binds to the cancer antigen, binds to the first antigen CD3 in the other variable region, binds to the second antigen, and does not bind to CD3 and the second antigen simultaneously. We studied the acquisition of Fab molecules. Heterodimerized antibody with one side of Fab as EGFR binding domain and the other side of Fab as CD3 binding domain, with GGS peptide inserted into the loop part of CE115 heavy chain antibody that binds to CD3ε The antibody was produced according to Reference Example 1.

That is, between K52B and S52c in CDR2, EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_CE31 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L: ((SEQ ID NO: 20/21/43/23), GGSGGS peptide (SEQ ID NO: 90) inserted with GGS Inserted EGFRYERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_CE32 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L ((SEQ ID NO: 20/21/44/23), EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_CEH Similarly, EGFR２０ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_CE34 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L in which GGS is inserted between D72 and D73, which are loop-shaped portions in the framework 3, was prepared. : ((SEQ ID NO: 20/21/46/23), EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_CE35 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L into which the GGSGGS peptide (SEQ ID NO: 90) has been inserted ((SEQ ID NO: 20/21/47/23), GGSGGSGGS peptide (sequence No .: 91) inserted EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_CE36 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L: ((SEQ ID NO: 20/21/48/23) and GGS was inserted between A99 and Y100 in CDR3. EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_CE37 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L: ((SEQ ID NO: 20/21/49/23), GGSGGS peptide inserted EGFRkERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_CE38 ERY22_HY / 22 / 23), EGFR ERY22_Hk / EGFR ERY22_L / CE115_CE39 ERY22_Hh / CE115_ERY22_L: ((SEQ ID NO: 20/21/51/23) into which the GGSGGSGGS peptide was inserted was prepared.

(5-2) Confirmation of binding of CE115 antibody inserted with GGS peptide to CD3ε It was confirmed by BiacoreT100 whether the various antibodies produced maintained the binding property to CD3ε. A biotinylated CD3ε epitope peptide was bound to a CM5 chip via streptavidin, the prepared antibody was run as an analyte, and the binding affinity was analyzed.

The results are shown in Table 2. The binding affinity of CE35, CE36, CE37, CE38, and CE39 to CD3ε was equivalent to that of the parent antibody CE115. From this, it was shown that a peptide that binds to the second antigen can be inserted into these loops. In addition, CE36 and CE39 inserted with GGSGGSGGS did not decrease the binding affinity, so it was shown that peptide insertion up to at least 9 amino acids in these places did not affect the binding to CD3ε. .

That is, it was shown that by using such peptide-inserted CE115 to obtain an antibody that binds to the second antigen, an antibody that can bind to CD3 and the second antigen but does not bind simultaneously can be produced. .
The amino acid sequence of the peptide to be inserted or substituted here is known by site-directed mutagenesis (Kunkel et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1985) 82, 488-492)) or overlap extension PCR. Randomly modified according to the method, comparing the binding activity etc. of each variant according to the method described above, the insertion, substitution position and the type and length of the amino acid that can show the desired activity even if the amino acid sequence is modified By determining, a library can be prepared.

[Example 6] Library design for obtaining antibodies that bind to CD3 and second antigen (6-1) Antibody library for obtaining antibodies that bind to CD3 and second antigen (also known as Dual Fab Library) Call)
The following six methods are exemplified as methods for selecting CD3 (CD3ε) as the first antigen and obtaining an antibody that binds to CD3 (CD3ε) and any second antigen.
1. A method of inserting a peptide or polypeptide that binds to the second antigen into the Fab domain that binds to the first antigen (in addition to the peptide insertion shown in Examples 3 and 4, Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2013 Aug 5 There is a method of inserting G-CSF as exemplified in .52 (32): 8295-8.) Peptides and polypeptides that bind can be obtained from libraries displaying peptides or polypeptides, but It is possible to use all or part of a naturally occurring protein.
2. As shown in Example 5, an antibody library in which various amino acids appear at a position where a loop in a Fab can be modified (extended) long and binding activity to an arbitrary second antigen is prepared. 2. A method for obtaining a Fab having an antibody from an antibody library using an antigen binding activity as an index Using an antibody created by site-directed mutagenesis from a Fab domain that is known to bind to CD3 in advance, the amino acids that maintain the binding activity to CD3 are identified, and the identified amino acids appear. In the method 4.3 of obtaining a Fab having binding activity to an arbitrary second antigen from an antibody library using the binding activity to the antigen from the antibody library as an index, the loop in the Fab is further modified to be longer An antibody library in which various amino acids appear at a position where (extension) can be made, and Fab having binding activity to any second antigen is used as an index from the binding activity to the antigen from the antibody library. How to obtain 5.1.2.3.4. In this method, the glycosylation sequence (for example, NxS, NxT, where x is an amino acid other than P) is modified so that the sugar chain recognized by the sugar chain receptor is added (for example, a high-mannose sugar chain is added). It is known that high mannose type sugar chains can be obtained by adding kifunensine during antibody expression (MAbs. 2012 Jul-Aug; 4 (4): 475-87))
In the method of 6.1.2.3.4, Cys, Lys, or an unnatural amino acid is inserted or substituted at a loop site or a site that could be modified to various amino acids, and binds to a second antigen. A method of covalently adding a domain (polypeptide, sugar chain, nucleic acid represented by a TLR agonist) (a method represented by an antibody drug conjugate, a method of covalently binding to Cys, Lys or an unnatural amino acid, mAbs 6: 1, 34-45; January / February 2014, WO2009 / 134891A2, Bioconjug Chem. 2014 Feb 19; 25 (2): 351-61)
Using the above method, a dual binding Fab that binds to the first antigen and the second antigen and does not bind to each other at the same time is obtained, and a domain that binds to any third antigen (referred to as the other variable region, (Described in Example 1) can be combined by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as common L chain, Cross mab, Fab arm exchange method.

(6-2) Production of 1 amino acid modified antibody of CD3 (CD3ε) binding antibody using site-directed mutagenesis The template sequence of CD3 (CD3ε) binding antibody is V115 as CE115HA000 (SEQ ID NO: 52), VL as GLS3000 (SEQ ID NO: 53) was selected. In each case, amino acid modification was carried out according to Reference Example 1 at a site considered to be involved in antigen binding. The constant region of the H chain is pE22Hh (L234A, L235A, N297A, D356C, T366S, L368A, Y407V is added to the sequence after CH1 of natural IgG1, and the GK sequence at the C terminus is deleted to obtain the DYKDDDDK sequence (sequence No .: 89) added sequence, SEQ ID NO: 54), and the K chain chain (SEQ ID NO: 55) was used as the L chain constant region. The modified sites are shown in Table 3. For evaluation of CD3 (CD3ε) binding activity, a 1 amino acid-modified antibody was obtained as a One arm antibody (an antibody lacking one Fab domain of natural IgG). Specifically, in the case of modification of the H chain, the modified H chain is linked to the constant region pE22Hh and Kn010G3 (the amino acid sequence after the 216th amino acid sequence of natural IgG1 is modified with C220S, Y349C, T366W, H435R , SEQ ID NO: 56) and GLS3000 in which the kappa chain is linked to the 3 ′ side, and in the case of modification of the L chain, a sequence in which the Kappa chain is linked to the 3 ′ side of the modified L chain It was expressed and purified in FreeStyle293 cells using CE115HA000 and Kn010G3 in which pE22Hh was linked to the 3 ′ side as the H chain (the method of Reference Example 1 was used).

(6-3) Evaluation of CD3 binding of 1-amino acid-modified antibody The 1-amino acid-modified product constructed and expressed and purified in (6-2) was evaluated using Biacore T200 (GE Healthcare). After fixing an appropriate amount of CD3ε homodimer protein on Sensor chip CM4 (GE Healthcare) by amino coupling method, an appropriate concentration of antibody is injected as an analyte, and CD3ε homodimer on the sensor chip is injected. Interacted with protein. Thereafter, 10 mmol / L Glycine-HCl (pH 1.5) was injected to regenerate the sensor chip. The measurement was performed at 25 ° C., and HBS-EP + (GE Healthcare) was used as a running buffer. Based on the measurement results, the dissociation constant K _D (M) was calculated using a single-cycle kinetics model (1: 1 binding RI = 0) with respect to the binding amount and the sensorgram obtained by the measurement. Biacore T200 Evaluation Software (GE Healthcare) was used for calculation of each parameter.

(6-3-1) Modification of H chain Table 4 shows the results of the ratios of the binding amounts of various H chain variants to CE115HA000, which is an antibody before modification. That is, Z (binding amount ratio) = Y / X, where X is the binding amount of the antibody containing CE115HA000 and Y is the binding amount of the H chain 1 amino acid variant. At this time, as shown in FIG. 18, when Z was less than 0.8, the amount of binding was found to be very small from the sensorgram, suggesting the possibility that the dissociation constant K _D (M) cannot be calculated correctly. Next, Table 5 shows the ratio of dissociation constants K _D (M) of various H chain variants to CE115HA000 (= KD value of CE115HA000 / KD value of variant).
When Z shown in Table 4 is 0.8 or more, it is considered that the binding to the pre-modified antibody CE115HA000 is considered, so the antibody library designed so that these amino acids appear. Can be a Dual Fab Library.

(6-3-2) Modification of L chain Table 6 shows the results of the ratios of the binding amounts of various L chain variants to the antibody GLS3000 before modification. That is, Z (binding amount ratio) = Y / X, where X is the binding amount of the antibody containing GLS3000 and Y is the binding amount of the L chain 1 amino acid variant. At this time, as shown in FIG. 18, when Z was less than 0.8, the amount of binding was found to be very small from the sensorgram, suggesting the possibility that the dissociation constant K _D (M) cannot be calculated correctly. Next, Table 7 shows the ratios of dissociation constants K _D (M) of various L chain variants to GLS3000.
When Z shown in Table 6 is 0.8 or more, it is considered that the binding to GLS3000, which is an antibody before modification, is maintained, so an antibody library designed so that these amino acids appear Can be a Dual Fab Library.

(6-4) ECM (Extracellular matrix) binding evaluation of 1-amino acid-modified antibody ECM (Extracellular matrix) is one of the components of the extracellular area, and it can be found at various sites in the body. Existing. Therefore, it is known that an antibody that binds strongly to ECM has poor blood kinetics (shorter half-life) (WO2012093704A1). Therefore, it is preferable to select amino acids that do not enhance ECM binding for amino acids that appear in the antibody library.

For each H chain or L chain variant, an antibody was obtained by the method shown in (6-2). Next, ECM binding was evaluated according to the method of Reference Example 2. The value obtained by dividing the ECM binding value (ECL response) of each variant by the antibody ECM binding value of MRA (H chain SEQ ID NO: 57, L chain SEQ ID NO: 58) on the same plate or on the same day of execution. Are shown in Table 8 (H chain) and Table 9 (L chain). As shown in Tables 8 and 9, some modifications tended to enhance ECM binding.
Of the values shown in Table 8 (H chain) and Table 9 (L chain), the effect of enhancing ECM binding by multiple modifications was taken into consideration, and up to 10 times was effective and adopted in the Dual Fab Library.

(6-5) Examination of peptide insertion location and length to enhance library diversity In Example 5, the peptide can be inserted without losing binding to CD3 (CD3ε) using the GGS sequence at each location. It has been shown. If the loop can be extended in the Dual Fab Library, it will be a library that includes more types of molecules (also expressed as more diversity), and it will be possible to obtain Fab domains that bind to a variety of second antigens. It was thought to be. Therefore, since the binding activity was expected to decrease as the peptide was inserted, the V11L / D72A / L78I / D101Q modification was added to the CE115HA000 sequence so that the binding activity to CD3ε was increased. In the same manner as in Example 5, a molecule into which a GGS linker was inserted was prepared, and CD3 binding was evaluated. The GGS sequence was inserted between 99-100 with Kabat numbering. The antibody molecule was expressed as a One arm antibody. Specifically, the above-mentioned H chain containing a GGS linker, Kn010G3 (SEQ ID NO: 56), and a GLS3000 (SEQ ID NO: 53) and Kappa sequence (SEQ ID NO: 55) linked as the L chain are used as a reference. Expression purification was performed according to Example 1.

(6-6) Confirmation of binding of CE115 antibody inserted with GGS peptide to CD3 Binding of the modified antibody inserted with GGS peptide to CD3ε was performed using Biacore according to the method described in Example 6. As a result, it was revealed that the GGS linker can be inserted into the loop site as shown in Table 10. In particular, it was possible to insert a GGS linker in the H chain CDR3 region, which is important for antigen binding, and binding to CD3ε was maintained by any insertion of 3, 6, 9 amino acids. In this study, the GGS linker was used for the study, but it may be an antibody library in which various amino acids appear instead of GGS.

(6-7) Examination of library insertion into H chain CDR3 using NNS base In (6-6), 3, 6, 9 amino acids can be inserted using a GGS linker. It was considered that an antibody that binds to the second antigen can be obtained by creating an inserted library and using an antibody obtaining method represented by the ordinary Phage display method. Therefore, when the insertion into CDR3 is 6 amino acids, using NNS base (various amino acids appear), can the binding to CD3 be maintained even if various amino acids appear at the site where 6 amino acids are inserted? investigated. NNS base so that 6 amino acids are inserted between 99-100 (Kabat numbering) in CDR3 of the CE115HA340 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 59), which has higher CD3ε binding activity than CE115HA000, since a decrease in binding activity was expected. Primers were designed using The antibody molecule was expressed as a One arm antibody. Specifically, the above-mentioned H chain including the above-mentioned modification, Kn010G3 (SEQ ID NO: 56), and a sequence in which GLS3000 (SEQ ID NO: 53) and Kappa sequence (SEQ ID NO: 55) are linked as the L chain are employed. Expression purification was performed according to Reference Example 1. The obtained modified antibody was evaluated for binding by the method described in (6-3). The results are shown in Table 11. It has been clarified that the binding property to CD3 (CD3ε) is maintained even when various amino acids appear in the extended amino acid site. Furthermore, Table 12 shows the results of evaluating whether or not non-specific binding is enhanced by the method shown in Reference Example 2. As a result, if a large number of amino acids having a positive charge in the side chain are contained in the extended loop of CDR3, the binding to ECM is enhanced, so there are amino acids having three or more positive charges in the side chain in the loop. It was hoped that it would not appear.

(6-7) Design and Construction of Dual Fab Library From the study described in Example 6, an antibody library (Dual Fab Library) for obtaining an antibody that binds to CD3 and the second antigen was designed as follows. .
Step 1: Select amino acids that retain CD3 (CD3ε) binding ability (CD3 binding amount is 80% or more of CE115HA000) Step 2: ECM binding within 10 times compared to MRA than before modification Select a certain amino acid Step 3: Insert 6 amino acids between 99-100 (Kabat numbering) of heavy chain CDR3 Since the antigen binding site of Fab is diversified even in Step 1 alone, it binds to the second antigen It can be a library for identifying antigen-binding molecules. Moreover, since the antigen binding site of Fab is diversified only by

steps

1 and 3, it can be a library for identifying an antigen binding molecule that binds to the second antigen. Even for library designs that do not go through step 2, ECM binding can be measured and evaluated for the obtained molecules.

From the above, the H chain of DualDFab Library is diversified as shown in Table 13 as the CDR of the sequence obtained by adding V11L / L78I mutation to FR (framework) of CE115HA000, and the CDR of GLS3000 is shown in Table 14 as L chain. Diversified. These antibody library fragments can be synthesized by DNA synthesis methods known to those skilled in the art. As a Dual Fab library, (1) a library in which the H chain is diversified as shown in Table 13, and the L chain is fixed to the original sequence GLS3000 or the L chain with enhanced CD3ε binding described in Example 6; 2) A library in which the H chain is fixed to the original sequence (CE115HA000) or the H chain with enhanced CD3ε binding described in Example 6 and the L chain is diversified as shown in Table 14, (3) H A library can be created in which the chains are diversified as shown in Table 13 and the L chains are diversified as shown in Table 14. The H chain was entrusted to a DNA 2.0 DNA synthesis company with a library sequence diversified as shown in Table 13 as a CDR to a sequence obtained by adding the V11L / L78I mutation to CE115HA000 FR (framework). DNA fragment) was obtained. The obtained antibody library fragment was amplified by PCR and inserted into a phagemid for phage display. At this time, GLS3000 was selected as the L chain. Further, the constructed phagemid for phage display was introduced into E. coli by electroporation to produce E. coli having antibody library fragments.

[Example 7] Acquisition of Fab domain binding to CD3 and second antigen (IL6R) from Dual Fab Library (7-1) Acquisition of Fab domain binding to human IL6R Dual designed and constructed in Example 6 A Fab domain (antibody fragment) that binds to human IL6R was identified from the Fab library. Using biotin-labeled human IL6R as an antigen, antibody fragments capable of binding to human IL6R were concentrated.
Phage production was performed from E. coli holding the constructed phagemid for phage display. A phage library solution was obtained by diluting a population of phage precipitated by adding 2.5 M NaCl / 10% PEG to the culture solution of Escherichia coli where phage production was performed, with TBS. Next, BSA was added to the phage library solution to a final concentration of 4% BSA. As a panning method, a panning method using an antigen immobilized on magnetic beads, which is a general method, was referred to (J. Immunol. Methods. (2008) 332 (1-2), 2-9, J. Immunol Methods. (2001) 247 (1-2), 191-203, Biotechnol. Prog. (2002) 18 (2) 212-20, Mol. Cell Proteomics (2003) 2 (2), 61-9). NeutrAvidin coated beads (Sera-Mag SpeedBeads NeutrAvidin-coated) or Streptavidin coated beads (Dynabeads M-280 Streptavidin) were used as magnetic beads.

Specifically, by adding 250 pmol of biotin-labeled antigen to the prepared phage library solution, the phage library solution was brought into contact with the antigen at room temperature for 60 minutes. Magnetic beads blocked with BSA were added, and the antigen-phage complex was allowed to bind to the magnetic beads for 15 minutes at room temperature. The beads were washed three times with TBST (TBS containing 0.1% Tween 20, TBS manufactured by TaKaRa), and then further washed twice with 1 mL of TBS. Thereafter, the beads to which 0.5 mL of 1 mg / mL trypsin had been added were suspended at room temperature for 15 minutes, and then the beads were immediately separated using a magnetic stand, and the phage solution was recovered. The recovered phage solution was added to 10 mL of E. coli strain ER2738 in the logarithmic growth phase (OD600 0.4-0.5). E. coli was infected with the phage by gently stirring the E. coli at 37 ° C. for 1 hour. Infected E. coli were seeded on 225 mm x 225 mm plates. Next, a phage library solution was prepared by recovering the phages from the seeded E. coli culture solution. This cycle was called panning and repeated several times. In the second and subsequent panning, 40 pmol of biotin-labeled antigen was used. In the fourth panning, phages were concentrated using CD3 binding as an index. Specifically, by adding 250 pmol of biotin-labeled CD3ε peptide antigen (amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 60) to the prepared phage library solution, the phage library was brought into contact with the antigen at room temperature for 60 minutes. Magnetic beads blocked with BSA were added, and the antigen-phage complex was allowed to bind to the magnetic beads for 15 minutes at room temperature. The beads were washed with 1 mL of TBS containing 0.1% Tween20 and TBS. The beads to which 0.5 mL of 1 mg / mL trypsin had been added were suspended at room temperature for 15 minutes, and then the beads were immediately separated using a magnetic stand, and the phage solution was recovered. Phages recovered from the trypsinized phage solution were added to 10 mL of E. coli strain ER2738 in the logarithmic growth phase (OD600 0.4-0.7). E. coli was infected with the phage by gently stirring the E. coli at 37 ° C. for 1 hour. Infected E. coli were seeded on 225 mm x 225 mm plates. Next, the phage library solution was recovered by recovering the phage from the seeded E. coli culture solution.
Furthermore, in order to prevent multiple phages from infecting a single E. coli, a phage library solution prepared from E. coli infected with the phages recovered by the fifth panning was again diluted with a 100,000-fold phage solution. To obtain a single colony.

(7-2) Binding of Fab domain displayed by phage and CD3 or IL6R (phage ELISA method)
According to a conventional method (Methods Mol. Biol. (2002) 178, 133-145), a phage-containing culture supernatant was recovered from a single colony of E. coli obtained by the above method. The culture supernatant containing the phages to which BSA was added to a final concentration of 4% BSA was subjected to ELISA according to the following procedure. StreptaWell 96 microtiter plates (Roche) were coated with 100 μL of PBS containing biotinylated antigen (biotinylated CD3ε peptide or biotinylated human IL6R) at 4 ° C. overnight or at room temperature for 1 hour. Each well of the plate was washed with PBST to remove the antigen, and then the well was blocked with 250 μL of 4% BSA-TBS for 1 hour or longer. The plate containing the culture supernatant prepared in each well from which 4% BSA-TBS has been removed is allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour to allow the antibody displaying the phage to bind to the antigen present in each well. It was. After washing each well with TBST, an HRP-conjugated anti-M13 antibody (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) diluted with TBS having a final concentration of 4% BSA was added and incubated for 1 hour. After washing with TBST, the color development reaction of the solution in each well to which the TMB single solution (ZYMED) was added was stopped by the addition of sulfuric acid, and then the color development was measured by absorbance at 450 nm. The result is shown in FIG. # 50 and # 62 clones were shown to have binding to CD3ε and human IL6R. That is, by using Dual Fab Library, it was possible to select a clone exhibiting binding ability to the second antigen (human IL6R in Example 7). Further increase the number of evaluations, select clones showing binding properties, convert to IgG (by linking the VH and VL sequences of the clones with human H chain or L chain constant regions, respectively), CD3ε and the second antigen ( The binding to human IL6R) can be evaluated. Furthermore, whether or not CD3ε and the second antigen (human IL6R) bind at the same time can be examined by the methods described in Examples 3 and 4 and the competition method. Competitive methods, for example, show that binding to CD3ε does not bind at the same time by reducing in the presence of a second antigen than with antibody alone.

[Example 8] Acquisition of Fab domain binding to CD3 and second antigen (human IgA) from Dual Fab Library (8-1) Acquisition of Fab domain binding to human IgA IgA is an abundant antibody in the body It is known as a molecule involved in biological defense in the intestine and mucosa, and is known to bind to FcαR (Fc alpha Receptor) (J. Pathol. 208: 270 -282, 2006) .
The Fab domain (antibody fragment) that binds to human IgA was identified from the Dual Fab library designed and constructed in Example 6. The antibody fragment capable of binding to human IgA was concentrated using biotin-labeled human IgA (described in Reference Example 3) as an antigen.
Phage production was performed from E. coli holding the constructed phagemid for phage display. A phage library solution was obtained by diluting a population of phage precipitated by adding 2.5 M NaCl / 10% PEG to the culture solution of Escherichia coli where phage production was performed, with TBS. Next, BSA was added to the phage library solution to a final concentration of 4% BSA. As a panning method, a panning method using an antigen immobilized on magnetic beads, which is a general method, was referred to (J. Immunol. Methods. (2008) 332 (1-2), 2-9, J. Immunol Methods. (2001) 247 (1-2), 191-203, Biotechnol. Prog. (2002) 18 (2) 212-20, Mol. Cell Proteomics (2003) 2 (2), 61-9). NeutrAvidin coated beads (Sera-Mag SpeedBeads NeutrAvidin-coated) or Streptavidin coated beads (Dynabeads M-280 Streptavidin) were used as magnetic beads.
Specifically, by adding 250 pmol of biotin-labeled antigen to the prepared phage library solution, the phage library solution was brought into contact with the antigen at room temperature for 60 minutes. Magnetic beads blocked with BSA were added, and the antigen-phage complex was allowed to bind to the magnetic beads for 15 minutes at room temperature. The beads were washed three times with TBST (TBS containing 0.1% Tween 20, TBS manufactured by TaKaRa), and then further washed twice with 1 mL of TBS. Thereafter, the beads to which 0.5 mL of 1 mg / mL trypsin had been added were suspended at room temperature for 15 minutes, and then the beads were immediately separated using a magnetic stand, and the phage solution was recovered. The recovered phage solution was added to 10 mL of E. coli strain ER2738 in the logarithmic growth phase (OD600 0.4-0.5). E. coli was infected with the phage by gently stirring the E. coli at 37 ° C. for 1 hour. Infected E. coli were seeded on 225 mm x 225 mm plates. Next, a phage library solution was prepared by recovering the phages from the seeded E. coli culture solution. This cycle was called panning and was repeated four times. In the second and subsequent pannings, human IgA was 40 pmol.

(8-2) Binding of Fab-displayed Fab domain to CD3 or human IgA From a single colony of Escherichia coli obtained by the above-mentioned method, it was learned from conventional methods (Methods Mol. Biol. (2002) 178, 133-145). The phage-containing culture supernatant was collected. The culture supernatant containing the phages to which BSA was added to a final concentration of 4% BSA was subjected to ELISA according to the following procedure. StreptaWell 96 microtiter plates (Roche) were coated with 100 μL PBS containing biotin-labeled antigen (biotin-labeled CD3ε peptide or biotin-labeled human IgA, Reference Example 3) at 4 ° C. overnight or at room temperature for 1 hour. Each well of the plate was washed with PBST to remove the antigen, and then the well was blocked with 250 μL of 0.1 × TBS / 150 mM NaCl / 0.02% Skim Milk for 1 hour or longer. The wells with 0.1xTBS / 150mM NaCl / 0.02% Skim Milk removed and the culture supernatant added to each well are allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour to allow the phage-displayed antibodies to exist in each well. Bound to the antigen. After washing each well with 0.1 × TBS / 150 mM NaCl / 0.01% Tween 20, HRP-conjugated anti-M13 antibody (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) diluted with 0.1 × TBS / 150 mM NaCl / 0.01% Tween 20 was added and incubated for 1 hour. After washing with TBST, the color development reaction of the solution in each well to which the TMB single solution (ZYMED) was added was stopped by the addition of sulfuric acid, and then the color development was measured by absorbance at 450 nm. The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 20, it is shown that clones that bind to CD3 and human IgA exist, and binding to the second antigen (human IgA in Example 8) is shown by using Dual Fab Library. A clone could be selected.

(8-3) Binding of IgG having the obtained Fab domain to CD3 or human IgA (8-2) From a clone that was shown to bind to CD3 and human IgA, E. coli having the sequence was dually tested. A VH fragment was amplified by PCR using a primer that specifically binds to the Fab Library H chain. The amplified VH fragment was incorporated into an animal cell expression plasmid into which pE22Hh had been incorporated by the method of Reference Example 1, and expressed and purified as a One arm antibody in the same manner as in Example 6 (6-2). The clone name and the SEQ ID NO of the H chain sequence are shown in Table 15. That is, the sequence shown in Table 15 in which GLS3000 (SEQ ID NO: 53) and Kappa sequence (SEQ ID NO: 55) are linked as the H chain, Kn010G3 (SEQ ID NO: 56), and L chain is employed. Expression purification was performed according to

Whether or not the obtained antibody molecule having the Fab region binds to CD3ε and human IgA was determined by an electrochemiluminescence method (ECL method). Specifically, biotin-labeled CD3ε peptide (described in Example 7) or biotin-labeled human IgA (Reference Example 3) diluted with TBST solution (TaKaRa TBS plus 0.1% Tween20) and 2 μg An antibody solution prepared in 1 mL / mL and an anti-human IgG antibody (Invitrogen # 628400) with a sulfo-tag added to each well of Nunc-Immuno (tm) MicroWell (tm) 96 well round plates (Nunc) After each addition and mixing, the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour or more while protected from light to form an antibody-antigen complex. 150 μL of TBST solution containing 0.5% BSA (referred to as blocking solution) was added to each well of streptavidin plate (MSD) and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour or more. After removing the blocking solution, the plate was washed 3 times with 250 μL of TBS (−) solution. 50 μL each of the antibody-antigen complex solution was added to each well and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature to allow the biotinylated antigen-antibody-sulfo-tag antibody complex solution to bind to the streptavidin-plate via the biotinylated antigen. . After removing the antibody-antigen complex solution, wash 3 times with TBST solution, add 150 μL of 4xREAD buffer (MSD) diluted twice with water to each well, and sulpho-tag with Sector Imager 2400 (MSD). A luminescent signal was detected.

The result is shown in FIG. When clones that were found to be bound by phage ELISA were converted to IgG, including those containing some amino acid mutations, the sequences that were found to be bound by phage ELISA should bind to CD3ε and human IgA even if they were IgG. It has been shown.
From this result, it is possible to obtain an antibody that binds to the second antigen from the Dual Fab library. Normally, panning using a phage library has only a Fab domain, but binding to an IgG containing an Fc region is recognized. It was shown that enrichment of the resulting clones is possible. Therefore, it can be said that the Dual Fab Library is a library capable of obtaining a Fab domain having the ability to bind to the second antigen while retaining the ability to bind to CD3.

(8-4) Evaluation of simultaneous binding of the obtained Fab domain IgG with CD3 (CD3ε) and human IgA In (8-3), the clone obtained from Dual Fab Library has binding even if it becomes IgG It was shown that. Next, it was determined by competitive method (electrochemiluminescence method (ECL method)) whether or not the obtained IgG binds simultaneously with CD3 (CD3ε) and human IgA. When binding simultaneously with CD3 (CD3ε) and human IgA, adding CD3 (CD3ε) to the antibody binding to IgA does not change the ECL signal, but if simultaneous binding is not possible, add CD3 (CD3ε) And some antibodies should bind to CD3 (CD3ε) and decrease ECL signal.

Specifically, 25 μL of biotinylated human IgA diluted with TBST solution, 12.5 μL of antibody solution prepared at 1 μg / mL, and 12.5 μL of CD3ε homodimeric protein (9.4 pmol / μL) for competition with TBST Add μL and 25 μL of anti-human IgG antibody added with sulfo-tag (Invitrogen) # 628400) to each well of Nunc-Immuno (tm) MicroWell (tm) 96 well round plates (Nunc). The mixture was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour or longer to form an antibody-antigen complex. Add TBST solution containing 0.5% BSA (referred to as blocking solution; TBST solution with 0.1% Tween20 to TKaRa TBS) to each well of streptavidin plate (MSD) and incubate for 1 hour at room temperature did. After removing the blocking solution, the plate was washed 3 times with 250 μL of TBST solution. 50 μL each of the antibody-antigen complex solution was added to each well and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature to allow the biotinylated antigen-antibody-sulfo-tag antibody complex solution to bind to the streptavidin-plate via the biotinylated antigen. . After removing the antibody-antigen complex solution, wash 3 times with TBST solution, add 150 μL of 4xREAD buffer (MSD) diluted twice with water to each well, and use sulfo-tag with Sector Imager 2400 (MSD). The luminescence signal was detected.

The result is shown in FIG. When CD3ε homodimeric protein for competition was added, a decrease in ECL signal was observed compared to the case where TBST was added. From this result, it was shown that the molecule that binds to CD3 and human IgA found in this study is a Dual Fab molecule that cannot bind to human IgA when bound to CD3. From this result, it is possible to obtain an antibody having the ability to bind to the second antigen from Dual Fab library, and when it binds to CD3, it cannot bind to the second antigen (or binds to the second antigen). It was shown that it is possible to obtain Dual Fab molecules that cannot bind simultaneously with multiple types of antigens.

Since it is obvious that a person skilled in the art can increase the variety of the binding molecule sequence by increasing the number of evaluations if the binding molecule is found from the binding activity evaluation using phage in (8-2), From the above, it can be said that Dual Fab Library is a library that can acquire a Fab domain capable of binding to the second antigen while retaining the binding ability to CD3. Moreover, in this example, Dual Fab Library in which only the H chain was diversified was used, but usually the larger the library size (also called diversity, meaning that the library includes various sequences), Since more antigen-binding molecules can be obtained, Dual Fab Library with diversified L chains can also be used for obtaining Dual Fab molecules in the same manner as shown in this example.

If a Dual-Fab molecule can be produced as shown in Example 8, Fab or antigen binding domain that binds to the third antigen can be obtained by a method known to those skilled in the art, for example, a binding antibody (or binding) from a hybridoma method or an antibody library. The antibody having an antigen-binding domain (for example, Fab) that binds to the identified third antigen and the Fab domain of the Dual Fab molecule can be identified using a multiple domain known to those skilled in the art. Multiplexed by specific antibody production methods, for example, the method of making antibodies with two L chains shared by sharing L chains (technology to control the interface of each domain of Fc region), CrossCMab method, Fab Arm Exchange method Specific antibodies can be obtained. That is, if a Dual Fab molecule can be identified, a desired multiplex can be obtained by combining the Fab that binds to the third antigen and the Dual Fab that binds to the first and second antigens shown in Example 8 by a method known to those skilled in the art. Specific antibodies can be obtained.

(8-5) CD3 / Human IgA Dual Fab Molecule In Example 8, it was shown that a Dual Fab molecule that binds to CD3ε and human IgA and does not bind CD3ε and human IgA simultaneously is obtained. Furthermore, it is possible to add an antigen-binding domain that binds to the third antigen by a method known to those skilled in the art.
Recently, IgA molecules modified to bind to EGFR, one of the cancer antigens, were shown to induce cell death in EGFR-expressing cancer cells (J Immunol 2007; 179: 2936-2943 ). It has been reported that FcαR, an IgA receptor, is expressed in polymorphonuclear cells and induces autophagy in cancer cells (J Immunol 2011; 187: 726-732). In this example, it was clarified that a dual Fab molecule that binds to CD3 and IgA can be constructed. However, if a molecule that binds to FcαR via IgA is searched by a method known to those skilled in the art (for example, ELISA or ECL method), Antitumor effects can be expected through FcαR. In other words, this dual Fab can be applied to cells expressing an arbitrary third antigen, to cells produced by cells expressing FcαR via binding to CD3ε and T cells by binding to CD3ε and IgA. Both cytotoxic activities can be induced, and a strong cytotoxic activity can be expected.

[Example 9] Acquisition of Fab domain binding to CD3 and second antigen (human CD154) from Dual Fab Library (9-1) Acquisition of Fab domain binding to human CD154 Designed and constructed in Example 6 A Fab domain (antibody fragment) that binds to human CD154 was identified from the Dual Fab library. Using biotin-labeled human CD154 as an antigen, antibody fragments capable of binding to human CD154 were concentrated.
Phage production was performed from E. coli holding the constructed phagemid for phage display. A phage library solution was obtained by diluting a population of phage precipitated by adding 2.5 M NaCl / 10% PEG to the culture solution of Escherichia coli where phage production was performed, with TBS. Next, BSA was added to the phage library solution to a final concentration of 4% BSA. As a panning method, a panning method using an antigen immobilized on magnetic beads, which is a general method, was referred to (J. Immunol. Methods. (2008) 332 (1-2), 2-9, J. Immunol Methods. (2001) 247 (1-2), 191-203, Biotechnol. Prog. (2002) 18 (2) 212-20, Mol. Cell Proteomics (2003) 2 (2), 61-9). NeutrAvidin coated beads (Sera-Mag SpeedBeads NeutrAvidin-coated) or Streptavidin coated beads (Dynabeads M-280 Streptavidin) were used as magnetic beads.
Specifically, by adding 250 pmol of biotin-labeled antigen to the prepared phage library solution, the phage library solution was brought into contact with the antigen at room temperature for 60 minutes. Magnetic beads blocked with BSA were added, and the antigen-phage complex was allowed to bind to the magnetic beads for 15 minutes at room temperature. The beads were washed three times with TBST (TBS containing 0.1% Tween 20, TBS manufactured by TaKaRa), and then further washed twice with 1 mL of TBS. Thereafter, the beads to which 0.5 mL of 1 mg / mL trypsin had been added were suspended at room temperature for 15 minutes, and then the beads were immediately separated using a magnetic stand, and the phage solution was recovered. The recovered phage solution was added to 10 mL of E. coli strain ER2738 in the logarithmic growth phase (OD600 0.4-0.5). E. coli was infected with the phage by gently stirring the E. coli at 37 ° C. for 1 hour. Infected E. coli were seeded on 225 mm x 225 mm plates. Next, a phage library solution was prepared by recovering the phages from the seeded E. coli culture solution. This cycle was called panning and was repeated 5 times. In the second and subsequent pannings, human CD154 was 40 pmol.

(9-2) Binding of Fab-displayed Fab domain to CD3 or human CD154 From a single colony of Escherichia coli obtained by the above method, learn from conventional methods (Methods Mol. Biol. (2002) 178, 133-145) The phage-containing culture supernatant was collected. The culture supernatant containing the phages to which BSA was added to a final concentration of 4% BSA was subjected to ELISA according to the following procedure. StreptaWell 96 microtiter plates (Roche) were coated with 100 μL PBS containing biotin-labeled antigen (biotin-labeled CD3ε peptide, biotin-labeled CD154) at 4 ° C. overnight or at room temperature for 1 hour. Each well of the plate was washed with PBST to remove the antigen, and then the well was blocked with 250 μL of 0.1 × TBS / 150 mM NaCl / 0.02% Skim Milk for 1 hour or longer. The wells with 0.1xTBS / 150mM NaCl / 0.02% Skim Milk removed and the culture supernatant prepared in each well added are allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour, so that antibodies displaying phage are present in each well. Bound to the antigen. After washing each well with 0.1 × TBS / 150 mM NaCl / 0.01% Tween 20, HRP-conjugated anti-M13 antibody (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) diluted with 0.1 × TBS / 150 mM NaCl / 0.01% Tween 20 was added and incubated for 1 hour. After washing with TBST, the color development reaction of the solution in each well to which the TMB single solution (ZYMED) was added was stopped by the addition of sulfuric acid, and then the color development was measured by absorbance at 450 nm. The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 23, it is shown that clones that bind to CD3 and CD154 exist, and a clone that exhibits binding to the second antigen (human CD154 in Example 9) by using the Dual Fab Library. Was able to be selected. In addition, since the binding Fab domains can be obtained for three different antigens as shown in Examples 7, 8, and 9, Dual Fab Library functions as a library for obtaining molecules that bind to the second antigen. Was shown to do.

(9-3) Binding of IgG having Fab domain obtained to CD3 or human CD154 (9-2) From a clone shown to bind to CD3 and human CD154 in (9-2), from E. coli having the sequence to Dual A VH fragment was amplified by PCR using a primer that specifically binds to the Fab Library H chain. The amplified VH fragment was incorporated into an animal cell expression plasmid into which pE22Hh had been incorporated by the method of Reference Example 1, and expressed and purified as a One arm antibody in the same manner as in Example 6 (6-2). The obtained sequence names and the sequence numbers of the H chain sequences are shown in Table 16. Specifically, a sequence in which GLS3000 (SEQ ID NO: 53) and Kappa sequence (SEQ ID NO: 55) are linked as H chain, Kn010G3 (SEQ ID NO: 56) and L chain described in Table 16 is adopted, Expression purification was performed according to Reference Example 1.

It was determined by electrochemiluminescence method (ECL method) whether or not antibody molecules having Fab regions that were bound to CD3 and human CD154 in (9-2) bind to CD3 and human CD154. . Specifically, 25 μL of biotinylated CD3 or biotinylated human CD154 diluted with TBST solution, 25 μL of antibody solution prepared to 2 μg / mL, and 25 μL of anti-human IgG antibody (Invitrogen® # 628400) added with sulfo-tag Was added to each well of Nunc-Immuno (tm) MicroWell (tm) 96 well round plates (Nunc), mixed, and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour or more while being shielded from light to form an antibody-antigen complex. Add TBST solution containing 0.5% BSA (referred to as blocking solution; TBST solution with 0.1% Tween20 to TKaRa TBS) to each well of streptavidin plate (MSD) and incubate for 1 hour at room temperature did. After removing the blocking solution, the plate was washed 3 times with 250 μL of TBST solution. 50 μL each of the antibody-antigen complex solution was added to each well and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature to allow the biotinylated antigen-antibody-sulfo-tag antibody complex solution to bind to the streptavidin-plate via the biotinylated antigen. . After removing the antibody-antigen complex solution, wash 3 times with TBST solution, add 150 μL each of 4xREAD buffer (MSD) diluted twice with water, and add sulfo-tag with Sector Imager 2400 (MSD). The luminescence signal was detected.

The result is shown in FIG. When clones that were found to be bound by phage ELISA were converted to IgG, including those containing some amino acid mutations, the sequences that were found to be bound by phage ELISA would bind to CD3ε and human CD154 even if they became IgG. It has been shown.
From this result, it is possible to obtain an antibody that binds to the second antigen from the Dual Fab library. Normally, panning using a phage library has only a Fab domain, but binding to an IgG containing an Fc region is recognized. It was shown that enrichment of the resulting clones is possible not only with human IgA but also with human CD154. Therefore, it can be said that the Dual Fab Library is a library capable of obtaining a Fab domain having the ability to bind to the second antigen while retaining the ability to bind to CD3.

(9-4) Evaluation of simultaneous binding of the obtained Fab domain IgG with CD3ε and human CD154 (9-3) shows that the clone obtained from the Dual Fab Library has binding even if it becomes IgG It was done. Next, it was determined by a competition method (electrochemiluminescence method (ECL method)) whether the obtained IgG binds simultaneously with CD3 and human CD154. When binding to CD3 and human CD154 simultaneously, adding CD3 to the antibody that binds to CD154 does not change the ECL signal, but if simultaneous binding is not possible, adding CD3 causes some antibodies to bind to CD3. Then the ECL signal should drop.

Specifically, biotinylated human CD154 25 μL diluted with TBST solution, antibody solution 12.5 μL prepared to 1 μg / mL, TBST or CD3ε homodimeric protein (9.4 pmol / μL) 12.5 for competition Add μL and 25 μL of anti-human IgG antibody added with sulfo-tag (Invitrogen) # 628400) to each well of Nunc-Immuno (tm) MicroWell (tm) 96 well round plates (Nunc). The mixture was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour or longer to form an antibody-antigen complex. Add TBST solution containing 0.5% BSA (referred to as blocking solution; TBST solution with 0.1% Tween20 to TKaRa TBS) to each well of streptavidin plate (MSD) and incubate for 1 hour at room temperature did. After removing the blocking solution, the plate was washed 3 times with 250 μL of TBST solution. 50 μL each of the antibody-antigen complex solution was added to each well and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature to allow the biotinylated antigen-antibody-sulfo-tag antibody complex solution to bind to the streptavidin-plate via the biotinylated antigen. . After removing the antibody-antigen complex solution, wash 3 times with TBST solution, add 150 μL of 4xREAD buffer (MSD) diluted twice with water to each well, and use sulfo-tag with Sector Imager 2400 (MSD). The luminescence signal was detected.

The result is shown in FIG. When CD3ε homodimeric protein for competition was added, a decrease in ECL signal was observed compared to the case where TBST was added. From this result, it was shown that the molecule that binds to CD3ε and human CD154 found in this study is a Dual Fab molecule that cannot bind to human CD154 when bound to CD3. From this result, an antibody that binds to the second antigen can be obtained from the DualDFab library, and when it binds to CD3, it cannot bind to the second antigen (or binds to the second antigen and binds to CD3). It was shown that it is possible to obtain Dual Fab molecules that cannot bind simultaneously with multiple types of antigens.

Since it is obvious that a person skilled in the art can increase the variety of the binding molecule sequence by increasing the number of evaluations if the binding molecule is found from the binding activity evaluation using phage in (9-2), Based on the above, it can be said that Dual Fab Library is a library that can obtain a Fab domain having the ability to bind to the second antigen while retaining the ability to bind CD3. Moreover, in this example, Dual Fab Library in which only the H chain was diversified was used, but usually the larger the library size (also called diversity, meaning that the library includes various sequences), Since more antigen-binding molecules can be obtained, Dual Fab Library with diversified L chains can also be used for obtaining Dual Fab molecules in the same manner as shown in this example.

If a Dual-Fab molecule can be produced as shown in Example 9, Fab or antigen binding domain that binds to the third antigen can be obtained by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, binding antibodies or antigen binding from hybridoma methods or antibody libraries. The antibody having an antigen-binding domain (for example, Fab) that binds to the identified third antigen and the Fab domain of the Dual Fab molecule can be identified using a domain selection method. Multispecificity by the production method of sex antibody, for example, the method of making an antibody with two different H chains by sharing L chain (technology to control the interface of each domain of Fc region), Cross Mab method, Fab Arm Exchange method Sex antibodies can be obtained. That is, if a Dual Fab molecule can be identified, a desired multiplex can be obtained by combining the Fab that binds to the third antigen and the Dual Fab that binds to the first and second antigens shown in Example 9 by a method known to those skilled in the art. Specific antibodies can be obtained. From the above examples, it was shown that a molecule that binds to CD3ε and the second antigen can be obtained by adapting Dual Fab library to many types of antigens. Further, in Examples 8 and 9, the first antigen ( It was revealed that molecules that bind to CD3ε) and the second antigen but do not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen simultaneously can be obtained. As described above, it is possible to identify a Fab that binds to the third antigen by a method known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the desired antibody described in Example 1 can be obtained by using the Dual Fab library. it can.

(9-5) CD3 / Human CD154 Dual Fab Molecule In Example 9, it was shown that a Dual Fab molecule that binds to CD3ε and human CD154 and does not bind CD3ε and human CD154 at the same time is obtained. Furthermore, it is possible to add an antigen-binding domain that binds to the third antigen by a method known to those skilled in the art.
Recently, it has been shown that an agonist antibody of CD40, which is a receptor for CD154, enhances antitumor activity in a method of transferring cancer antigen-reactive T cells (J Immunother. 2012 Apr; 35 (3): 276-82 .). In this example, it was clarified that a dual Fab molecule that binds to CD3 and CD154 can be constructed. However, if an antibody exhibiting agonist activity against CD40 is selected via CD154, antitumor effect via CD40 is expected. it can. That is, this dual Fab is capable of inhibiting the cytotoxic activity of T cells by binding to CD3ε and the antitumor effect of CD40 agonistic signals through binding to CD154 on cells expressing an arbitrary third antigen. An increase can be expected.

[Reference Example]
[Reference Example 1] Preparation of antibody expression vector and expression and purification of antibody Introduction of amino acid substitution is performed by those skilled in the art using QuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene), PCR or In fusion Advantage PCR cloning kit (TAKARA), etc. An expression vector was constructed by a known method. The base sequence of the obtained expression vector was determined by a method known to those skilled in the art. The prepared plasmid was transiently introduced into a human fetal kidney cancer cell-derived HEK293H strain (Invitrogen) or FreeStyle293 cells (Invitrogen) to express the antibody. The antibody was purified from the obtained culture supernatant by a method known to those skilled in the art using rProtein A Sepharose ^™ Fast Flow (GE Healthcare). The purified antibody concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 280 nm using a spectrophotometer, and calculating the antibody concentration using the extinction coefficient calculated by the PACE method from the obtained value (Protein Science 1995; 4: 2411- 2423).

[Reference Example 2] Evaluation of antibody binding to ECM (Extracellular matrix) The evaluation of antibody binding to ECM (Extracellular matrix) was performed by the following procedure with reference to WO2012093704A1. ECM Phenol red free (BD Matrigel # 356237) was diluted with TBS to 2 mg / mL, and 5 μL was dropped in the middle of each well of an ECL measurement plate (L15XB-3, MSD high bind) cooled on ice. Then, it was covered with a plate seal and allowed to stand at 4 ° C. overnight. Return the ECM-immobilized plate to room temperature, add 150 μL of ECL Blocking Buffer (PBS with 0.5% BSA and 0.05% Tween 20) to each well, and allow to stand at room temperature for at least 2 hours or at 4 ° C. Let stand overnight. Next, the antibody sample was diluted to 9 μg / mL using PBS-T (0.05% Tween 20 added to PBS). Dilute the secondary antibody to 2 μg / mL with ECLDB (PBS plus 0.1% BSA and 0.01% Tween 20), and add 20 μL of antibody solution to the round-bottom plate in which 10 μL of ECLDB is dispensed into each well. 30 μL of the secondary antibody solution was added and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour in the dark. From the ECM plate containing the ECL Bloking Buffer, the ECL Blocking Buffer was removed by inverting, and 50 μL each of the above-mentioned mixed antibody / second antibody solution was added to the plate. Thereafter, the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour in the dark. After removing the sample by overturning, 150 μL of READ buffer (MSD) was added to each well, and a sulfo-tag luminescence signal was detected with Sector Imager 2400 (MSD).

[Reference Example 3] Preparation of human IgA The Fc portion of the human IgA sequence naturally present as human IgA was used (human IgA-Fc). In order to add biotin to the C-terminus of human IgA-Fc, a gene fragment encoding a specific sequence (AviTag sequence, SEQ ID NO: 79) to which biotin is added by biotin ligase was ligated via a linker. A gene fragment encoding a protein (SEQ ID NO: 80) in which human IgA-Fc and AviTag sequences are linked is incorporated into an animal cell expression vector, and the constructed plasmid vector is used in FreeStyle293 cells (Invitrogen) using 293Fectin (Invitrogen). Introduced. At this time, a gene expressing EBNA1 (SEQ ID NO: 81) and a gene expressing biotin ligase (BirA, SEQ ID NO: 82) were simultaneously introduced, and biotin was added for the purpose of biotin labeling human IgA-Fc. Cells into which the gene had been introduced were cultured for 6 days at 37 ° C. and 8% CO ₂ according to the procedure described above, and the target protein was secreted into the culture supernatant.
The cell culture solution containing the target human IgA-Fc was filtered through a 0.22 μm bottle top filter to obtain a culture supernatant. Apply the culture supernatant diluted with the same solution to HiTrap Q HP (GE Healthcare) equilibrated with 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, and elute the target human IgA-Fc with NaCl concentration gradient I let you. Next, the HiTrap Q HP eluate diluted with the same solution was applied to a SoftLink Avidin column (Promega) equilibrated with 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, and 5 mM biotin, 150 mM NaCl, 50 The target human IgA-Fc was eluted with mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0. Subsequently, purified humans were removed by gel filtration chromatography using Superdex200 (GE Healthcare) to remove aggregates, which were impurities of no interest, and the buffer was replaced with 20 mM Histidine-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 6.0. IgA-Fc was obtained.

The present invention makes it possible to enhance the activity produced by antigen-binding molecules and avoid cross-linking between different cells caused by binding to antigens expressed on different cells, which are thought to cause side effects. And a polypeptide suitable as a pharmaceutical product is provided.

Claims

A variable region of an antibody capable of binding to a first antigen and a second antigen different from the first antigen, but not simultaneously binding to the first antigen and the second antigen, and the first antigen An antigen-binding molecule comprising a variable region that binds to a third antigen different from the antigen and the second antigen.
The amino acid of the heavy chain variable region is modified so that it can bind to the first antigen and a second antigen different from the first antigen, but does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen simultaneously. An antigen-binding molecule comprising a variable region of a prepared antibody.
The variable region that does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen at the same time is a variable region that does not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen that are expressed on different cells, respectively. 3. The antigen-binding molecule according to 2.
The antigen-binding molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an Fc region of the antibody.
The antigen-binding molecule according to claim 4, wherein the Fc region has a reduced Fc region binding activity to FcγR compared to the Fc region of a natural human IgG1 antibody.
The antigen-binding molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is a multispecific antibody.
The antigen binding according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the variable region of an antibody capable of binding to the first antigen and the second antigen is a variable region into which at least one amino acid modification has been introduced. molecule.
The antigen-binding molecule according to claim 7, wherein the modification is substitution or insertion of at least one amino acid.
The modification is the replacement of a part of the amino acid sequence of the variable region that binds to the first antigen with the amino acid sequence that binds to the second antigen, or the amino acid sequence of the variable region that binds to the first antigen. The antigen-binding molecule according to claim 7 or 8, which is an insertion of an amino acid sequence that binds to a second antigen.
The antigen-binding molecule according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the number of inserted amino acids is 1 to 25.
The antigen-binding molecule according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the amino acid to be modified is an amino acid in the CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, or FR3 region of the variable region of the antibody.
The antigen-binding molecule according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the amino acid to be modified is a loop region amino acid.
The amino acids to be modified are from Kabat numbering 31-35, 50-65, 71-74 and 95-102 of the heavy chain variable region of the antibody, and Kabat numbering 24-34, 50-56 and 89-97 of the light chain variable region. The antigen-binding molecule according to any one of claims 7 to 11, which is at least one amino acid selected.
Either one of the first antigen and the second antigen is a molecule that is specifically expressed on the surface of T cells, and the other antigen is a molecule that is expressed on the surface of T cells or other immune cells. The antigen-binding molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 13.
Either one of the first antigen or the second antigen is CD3, and the other antigen is FcγR, TLR, lectin, IgA, immune checkpoint molecule, TNF superfamily molecule, TNFR superfamily molecule or NK receptor molecule The antigen-binding molecule according to claim 14.
The antigen-binding molecule according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the third antigen is a molecule expressed specifically in cancer tissue.
A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antigen-binding molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 16 and a medically acceptable carrier.
A method for producing an antigen-binding molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 16, comprising steps (i) to (iv):
(i) an antigen-binding molecule in which at least one amino acid of a variable region of an antibody that binds to the first antigen or the second antigen is modified, wherein at least one of the amino acids of the modified variable region is different from each other Creating a library of antigen binding molecules comprising the region,
(ii) an antigen comprising a variable region that has binding activity to the first antigen and the second antigen, but does not bind simultaneously with the first antigen and the second antigen, from the prepared library Selecting a binding molecule,
(iii) culturing a host cell containing a nucleic acid encoding the variable region of the antigen-binding molecule selected in step (ii) and / or a nucleic acid encoding the variable region of the antigen-binding molecule that binds to the third antigen Thus, the antibody can bind to the first antigen and the second antigen, but the first antigen and the second antigen do not bind simultaneously, and / or bind to the third antigen. Expressing an antigen-binding molecule comprising a variable region that:
(iv) recovering the antigen-binding molecule from the host cell culture.
The first and second antigens, which are included in the antigen-binding molecule selected in step (ii) and which are variable regions that do not bind to the first antigen and the second antigen at the same time, are expressed on different cells. The manufacturing method according to claim 18, which is a variable region that does not bind to each other simultaneously.
The production method according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the host cell cultured in step (iii) further comprises a nucleic acid encoding the Fc region of the antibody.
21. The production method according to claim 20, wherein the Fc region has a reduced Fc region binding activity to FcγR compared to the Fc region of a natural human IgG1 antibody.
The production method according to any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the antigen-binding molecule to be produced is a multispecific antibody.
The production method according to any one of claims 18 to 22, wherein in step (i), at least one modified amino acid of the variable region is a substituted or inserted amino acid.
The production method according to claim 23, wherein the number of inserted amino acids is 1 to 25.
25. The production method according to any one of claims 18 to 24, wherein the modification is modification of an amino acid of CDR1, CDR2, CDR3, or FR3 region of an antibody variable region.
The production method according to any one of claims 18 to 25, wherein the modification is modification of an amino acid in a loop region.
The modification is at least selected from Kabat numbering 31-35, 50-65, 71-74 and 95-102 of the heavy chain variable region of the antibody, Kabat numbering 24-34, 50-56 and 89-97 of the light chain variable region The production method according to any one of claims 18 to 25, wherein the production method is modification of one amino acid.
Either one of the first antigen and the second antigen is a molecule that is specifically expressed on the surface of T cells, and the other antigen is a molecule that is expressed on the surface of T cells or other immune cells. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 18 to 27.
Either one of the first antigen or the second antigen is CD3, and the other antigen is FcγR, TLR, IgA, lectin, immune checkpoint molecule, TNF superfamily molecule, TNFR superfamily molecule or NK receptor molecule The manufacturing method according to claim 28.
30. The production method according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the third antigen is a molecule expressed specifically in cancer tissue.