Can't Pay? Won't Pay!
| Can't Pay? Won't Pay! | |
|---|---|
| Written by | Dario Fo |
| Original language | Italian |
| Subject | Consumer backlash against high prices |
| Genre | Political satire |
Can't Pay? Won't Pay![1][2] (Italian: Non Si Paga! Non Si Paga!,[3] also translated We Can't Pay? We Won't Pay! and Low Pay? Don't Pay![2]) is a play originally written in Italian by Dario Fo in 1974.[4] Regarded as Fo's best-known play internationally after Morte accidentale di un anarchico,[5] it had been performed in 35 countries by 1990.[6] Considered a Marxist[7] political farce,[8] it is a comedy about consumer backlash against high prices.[9][10]
It was the first show performed in the Palazzina Liberty on 3 October 1974.[11] A North American English-language adaptation by R. G. Davis was published in 1984.[12][13] The American premiere was performed by the San Francisco Mime Troupe.[14]
The title of the original English translation in 1975 by Lino Pertile,[1] Can't Pay? Won't Pay!, has passed into the English language.[2]
Social significance[edit]
The play is written to criticize merchants and landlords responsible for raising the prices of necessary goods and rent, and the bosses who cut jobs, salaries, and benefits. However, the "real political target of the play was the moderatism of the [Italian Communist Party] as represented by Antonia's husband, Giovanni." At the time the play was written, it leader Enrico Berlinguer had launched a program of "historical compromise". This meant that members were to follow a "policy of sacrifices" for the "national interest", reluctantly acceding to lower working-class living standards. In Berlinguer's words: "A more austere society can be, and must be, a more equal, better ordered and more just society, which is really more democratic and free, and definitely more human." Rank-and-file Italian communists were critical of this policy, which gave no hope for their living standards to improve. Fo was urging party members to reject the policies of their party leadership.[11]
The original Italian, unlike the English version, makes direct criticisms of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). For example, not included in the English version is when Antonia tells Giovanni:[11]
I'm fed up with your hot air... your speeches about responsibility about sacrifice...about the dignity of tightening your belt, about your pride about being working class! And who are these workers? Who is this working class? It's us, didn't you know?... But you can't see a thing because your eyes are tied up like you were playing blind man's buff...and you sit around like god knows what mouthing off your slogans"
Additionally, as the play goes on, Giovanni's character grows more critical of the "policy of sacrifice" and the powerlessness he feels from them:[11]
You can't just say to the bosses... "Excuse me, could you just move over there; we need a bit of breathing space. Please be a little kinder, a bit more understanding...let's come to an agreement." Oh no, the only way to get that mob thinking straight is to stuff them down the bog and pull the chain! Then things would be great. Maybe there would be a few less illuminated window displays, less motorways...we've always been rushing around to keep them going...now we'll keep ourselves going...we'll build our own houses...make a new life for ourselves!
Criticisms[edit]
Some Leftist Italians criticized the play because they found it to be too similar to Fo's older plays. Fo responded that he had never abandoned farce.[11]
Two weeks after the play's first performance, women in Milan began taking control of the cash registers and paying the prices for items before the sudden raise in costs; right-wing newspapers considered Fo and Can't Pay? Won't Pay! to have inspired the incidents. Fo responded to these allegations, commenting:[11]
It emerged during cross-examination that the prices fixed by the supermarkets were out-and-out robbery. In the end all the women who had been charged were freed because "there was no case to answer". To put it simply, the court decided that those shoppers had paid the correct value of the goods. Consequently, you can deduce that the owners had arbitrarily increased the process, doubling them. The bosses were the real thieves.
Rumors circled that Fo would be arrested for the actions of the Red Brigades, though he never was. Fo reflected on this and the reasons for the rumor: "Perhaps, they don't want to just frighten us. Maybe they're trying to discredit The Commune as well which, with its thousands of members, is becoming an increasingly awkward phenomenon."[11]
Further reading[edit]
- Mitchell, Tony (1999), Dario Fo: People's Court Jester (Updated and Expanded), London: Methuen, ISBN 0-413-73320-3.
References[edit]
- ^ a b Knowles, Elizabeth (2007). Oxford Dictionary of Modern Quotations. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-920895-1.
- ^ a b c Gardner, Lyn (18 April 2010). "Low Pay? Don't Pay!". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
- ^ Paul Kuritz (1988). The Making of Theatre History. p. 403. ISBN 0-13-547861-8.
- ^ daVinci Nichols, Nina (2005). Maurice Charney (ed.). "Italian Comedy". Comedy: A Geographic and Historical Guide, Volume 2. Greenwood Publishing Group: 420. ISBN 0-313-32715-7.
- ^ Marcos, Subcomandante (2003). Juana Ponce de Leon (ed.). Our Word is Our Weapon. Seven Stories Press. p. 329. ISBN 1-58322-472-6.
- ^ Mitchell 1999, p. 130
- ^ Hischak, Thomas S. (2001). American Theatre: A Chronicle of Comedy and Drama, 1969–2000. Oxford University Press. p. 178. ISBN 0-19-512347-6.
- ^ Bondanella, Peter; Conway Bondanella, Julia (2001). Cassell Dictionary Italian Literature. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 219. ISBN 0-304-70464-4.
- ^ "Theater". New York. December 29, 1980 – January 5, 1981.
- ^ Schechner, Richard (2002). Performance Studies: An Introduction. Routledge. p. 247. ISBN 0-415-14620-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g Behan, Tom (2000). "Can't Pay? Won't Pay!". Dario Fo: Revolutionary Theatre. London: Pluto Press. pp. 84–94. ISBN 0-585-42764-X. OCLC 50984117.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Fo, Dario; Davis, R. G. (1984). We Won't Pay! We Won't Pay!. New York: Samuel French. ISBN 0573618240. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
- ^ Healey, Robin (1998). Twentieth-Century Italian Literature in English Translation: An Annotated Bibliography 1929–1997. University of Toronto Press. p. 299. ISBN 0-8020-0800-3.
- ^ Taviano, Stefania (2005). Staging Dario Fo and Franca Rame: Anglo-American Approaches to Political Theatre. Ashgate Publishing. p. 70. ISBN 0-7546-5401-X.