1987, with the Commission in charge of the French Revolution Bicentennial; 1988-92, Political Journalist, Europe 1, a leading French radio broadcaster; 2001, Lawyer with the Paris Bar. 1989, City Councillor, Nogent sur Marne, Aube; since 1993, Member of Parliament; since 1995, Mayor of Troyes, Aube; 1995, Spokesman for Jacques Chirac during the presidential campaign; 1996, Government Spokesman; 2004, Political Adviser to the President of the UMP party; 2005, Minister of Overseas Territories; March-May 2007, Minister of the Interior; March-November 2010, Minister of the Budget, Public Accounts and State Reform; November 2010-June 2011, Minister of the Budget, Public Accounts, Civil Service and State Reform, and Government Spokesman. Since June 2011, Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry of France.