Wellness Foods + Supplements 1/2023

No. 1, April/May 2023 

www.harnisch.com | ISSN 2364-8104 

Healthy ageing Omega-3 fatty acids 

Metabolic support Food fraud 

Immune and gut health Bone health 

Women's health Infant nutrition 

Photo © : Adobe Stock/Erik

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Editorial 

SILKE WATKINS, Editor-in-Chief 

Return to traditions 

Dear Readers, 

I recently watched a documentary about the 

flora of South Africa’s Western Cape Pro vince 

that impressed me deeply and really made 

me think. With more than 20,000 plant 

species corresponding to around 10 % 

of all the world’s plants, South Africa has 

an extremely diverse flora. Cape Floral is 

considered the region with the world’s most 

diverse flora. Around 20 % of Africa’s plant 

species, of which nearly a third are endemic, 

can be found here. 

Many South Africans feel obligated to 

actively and voluntarily do something to 

maintain this diversity of species. It has long 

since become clear to them that humans are 

primarily responsible for the disappearance 

of plant species. Many of these species are 

also considered to be medicinal plants. 

Asian healing systems such as Ayurveda, 

Tibetan medicine and also traditional 

Chinese medicine have a long tradition. 

Their advantage is that they are not used 

only in case of illness, but strive to maintain 

health so people do not become ill in 

the first place. What’s more, they are holistic 

healing methods that consider the person 

as a whole, perceiving them as an entity 

comprising body, mind and soul. 

Native Americans were also good observers 

of nature and knew about the effects of 

highly effective medicinal plants on the 

human body. 673 Native American medicinal herbs are known today 

and also used successfully in modern medicine. 

Cayenne pepper and chilli, for example, are known to increase blood 

flow and have a warming effect, while cucumber, melon and pumpkin 

are known as cooling, water-bearing medicinal plants. 

Fasting has a very long tradition as well. It was and is associated with 

all major religions. Here one consciously forgoes food and stimulants 

in order to unburden the body. Various fasting regimes have become 

popular in everyday life today, from therapeutic fasting to the alkaline 

cleansing fast to intermittent fasting. Aside from weight loss, the 

aim is to cleanse the liver, stimulate the lipid metabolism or promote 

cell regeneration. This topic has been researched for quite some time 

in various studies. Results have shown that fasting increases the 

responsiveness to insulin and can therefore prevent diabetes in the 

long term. The liver and pancreas also benefit from fasting, since fat 

stored in the liver is metabolised, which can prevent fatty liver. 

I believe that every individual can benefit significantly from recalling 

ancient knowledge, combining it with new information and taking 

responsibility for themselves and their body, for their own health. You 

will find important information in this edition. 

I wish you an interesting read! 

Warmest regards, 

Silke Watkins 

No. 1 April/May 2023 

3

Contents 

Health 

Convenience Food 

Food & Beverages 

Confectionary 

Cover Photo © : Adobe Stock/Erik 

Asian healing systems such as Ayurveda, Tibetan medicine 

and also traditional Chinese medicine have a long 

tradition. Their advantage is that they are not used 

only in case of illness, but strive to maintain health 

so people do not become ill in the first place. What’s 

more, they are holistic healing methods that consider 

the person as a whole, perceiving them as an entity 

comprising body, mind and soul. 

Sports Nutrition 

Health Care 

Contents 

Personal Care 

Healthy ageing 

06 Golden opportunities for spermidine fortification 

Omega-3 fatty acids 

10 Omega-3 phospholipids for lipid metabolism, liver and brain 

Metabolic support and healthy ageing 

16 Abscisic acid: a minor but mighty signalling molecule for metabolic support and healthy ageing 

Immune and gut health 

20 BetaVia: A natural, postbiotic for immune & gut health 

Ingredient fraud 

25 Fake Mineral Salts – great find or great fraud? 

Ashwagandha - a review 

31 Ashwagandha leaves for health: A 360° review of tradition and science 

Spices with health benefits 

36 Ginger and turmeric: healthy and tasty roots 

Women's health 

38 Women’s health, a new El Dorado? 

Bone health 

41 NUWEN presents its study on the impact of OSELAN, a seawater concentrate on bone health 

Infant nutrition 

42 Laïta Nutrition are putting their expertise to good use: soothing some of 

the most common ailments in babies! 

Vitafoods Europe 2023 

44 Event preview: experience the world's nutraceutical event at Vitafoods Europe 2023 

46 Vitafoods Europe 2023 - Preview 

50 Impressum 

4 No. 1 April/May 2023


Photo © : Adobe Stock/Tomislav 

Golden opportunities 

for spermidine fortification 

Max Weber 

Foods and supplements that have a positive effect on cell 

regeneration could represent a shrewd strategy for tapping 

into the wealth of opportunity that exists in healthy ageing. 

Spermidine is the key to unlocking that potential. 

Healthy ageing is set to be a powerful market force in the food and 

supplement industries over the coming decades as global populations 

grow significantly older. 

In Europe, a quarter of the population is already aged 60 years or 

over. By the second half of the century that proportion will have risen 

to over a third. And globally, the number of people aged 80 or over is 

projected to triple by 2050 1 . 

As living into their eighties or nineties becomes a realistic expectation 

for many people, mindsets, attitudes and priorities are shifting. 

The prospect of living longer introduces concerns about age-related 

diseases; people don’t just want to prolong their lifespan - they want 

to prolong their ‘health span’, remaining healthy and active for as long 

as possible to ensure those later years are quality time. 

Consumers are also more aware than ever 

before about the symbiotic nature of the relationship 

between ageing, health and nutrition. 

This means they will be proactively 

seeking out food products and nutraceuticals 

that can help them to maximise their quality 

of life. According to Innova’s 2021 Health & 

Nutrition Survey, 61 % of consumers globally 

intend to increase spending on their health 

& wellbeing in the next 12 months, and 66 % 

say that healthy ageing is ‘very/extremely 

important’ to them. 

A trend for all ages 

Interestingly, healthy ageing is not just about 

targeting senior consumers with products 

that can support them in their later years. 

It is about supporting people from the point 

in their lives when ageing healthily becomes 



important to them. That point is different for everyone - it might 

happen to some people in their twenties and others not until their 

fifties. Indeed, when considering healthy ageing concepts, it is 

important not to overlook younger consumers as market research 

indicates that people are starting to make provisions for a longer, 

healthier life much earlier. Innova’s Health & Nutrition Survey 

showed that almost 50 % of Gen Z consumers (aged 18 and 25) 

reported taking action to age healthily from the age of 20; approximately 

60 % of Generation X consumers and Baby Boomers said 

that their current age was the time to start. 

There are so many health areas that contribute to maintaining 

quality of life that it can be difficult for consumers (and brands) to 

know which to prioritise: should they be focusing on protecting eye 

health, minimising muscle atrophy or maintaining cognitive performance? 

There is, after all, a limit to the number of supplements and 

foods that can be consumed in a day. 

There are many valid approaches to healthy ageing innovation; 

highly targeted products that address a specific health concern 

will resonate with some consumers, whilst for others - particularly 

younger people who are yet to feel any of the physical effects of 

ageing - a holistic approach to supplementation for healthy ageing 

makes the most sense. 

Autophagy: born again cells 

One strategy for developing foods or supplements that can address 

multiple challenges of healthy ageing is to focus on cell health through 

‘autophagy’ (from the Greek ‘self-eating’). This is a process in which 

damaged organelles (subcellular structures that perform specific 

tasks in the cell) are recycled and used in the biosynthesis of new cell 

generation, thus promoting sustained cell health. 

The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to 

Yoshinori Ohsumi of the Tokyo Institute of Technology for his discoveries 

of mechanisms of autophagy. Research carried out by Ohsumi 

and others has deepened scientific understanding of how autophagy 

controls important physiological functions where cellular components 

need to be degraded and recycled. 

Cell science: autophagy mechanisms explained 

Autophagy is initiated when a cell membrane (phagophore precursor) 

is formed. Proteins and lipids then form a pouch with a double 

membrane: a phagophore. The phagophore grows and encloses a 

small amount of cytoplasm, including cellular waste. This double 

membrane then closes, forming the autophagosome. The outer 

membrane of the autophagosome joins that of a lysosome, which is 

Photo © : GoodMills Innovation 


7


to have beneficial effects on age-related neurological disorders and to 

help reduce the risk of age-related cognitive impairment. 

In 2018, a human clinical trial 2 investigated the effect of nutritional 

intervention with spermidine on memory loss in older adults at risk 

of dementia. The study found that memory performance improved 

after three months of spermidine supplementation compared with a 

placebo. The researchers concluded that nutritional spermidine may 

be a potential intervention strategy to delay memory loss in older individuals 

with cognitive decline. 

These findings were reinforced in a 2021 study 3 in which researchers 

described the availability of nutritional spermidine in the diet as a 

‘potent strategy’ to prevent the course of age-related cognitive decline. 

Wheat germ: a super source 

of spermidine 

a cell component with degrading enzymes. As the enzymes break 

down the cell waste, chemical building blocks are released into the 

cytoplasm where they are recycled. 

Spermidine supports cell care 

Cell recycling is an important process for healthy ageing. Defects in 

the autophagy process have been associated with immunity loss, 

cognitive loss and ageing. Autophagy is thought to protect against 

diseases and slow down the ageing process. 

Spermidine - a naturally occurring polyamine compound - is the only 

endogenous substance that has a positive effect on autophagy. The 

name comes from the fact it was first detected in male seminal fluid 

but in fact, spermidine is present all of the body’s cells and is associated 

with healthy cell maintenance. 

As the body ages, its own production of spermidine decreases, which 

is why the consumption of dietary spermidine becomes more necessary. 

As the ageing body is also more susceptible to oxidative stress 

and inflammation, spermidine can play a valuable role in protecting 

cells from age-related damage. 

Studies suggest cognitive function benefits 

Photo © : GoodMills Innovation 

The positive influence of dietary spermidine on cell regeneration is 

widely accepted and research is now evolving to investigate its effects 

on specific health functions. There is a growing number of studies 

reporting on the effects of spermidine on cardiovascular function, 

immunity, anti-aging, cellular health and longevity. One of the most 

exciting areas of discovery is cognitive function: spermidine appears 

This growing body of scientific evidence is driving interest in spermidine 

as an active ingredient for inclusion in healthy ageing products. 

SpermidineEvo ® , a wheat germ concentrate with a very high spermidine 

content from GoodMills Innovation, is ideal for this purpose. 

Not only does it enable the development of foods and supplements 

with a high and specified content of spermidine, it also aligns with 

consumer demands for plant-based products that are natural and 

sustainable. 

High in quality and quantity 

Wheat germ has the highest spermidine concentration of any foodstuff 

- higher than soybeans, buckwheat and rice. GoodMills Innovation 

monitors the spermidine content across the different wheat varieties 

grown in Europe and selects the highest quality varieties to use 

as the basis of SpermidineEvo ® . It also draws on its knowledge of 

sophisticated milling processes to separate the germ from the bran 

and extract the most functional fractions of the wheat kernel. 

This yields a wheat germ concentrate with a specified and guaranteed 

content of 500 mg spermidine per kg - five times higher than 

standard. Consequently, manufacturers using SpermidineEvo ® can 

be confident that their products satisfy nutritional claims such as 

“rich in spermidine”. As well as being a potent source of spermidine, 

SpermidineEvo ® is rich in essential nutrients such as vitamins E, 

B1, B2 and B6, folic acid, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus 

and zinc. The high natural content of E and B vitamins protects cells 

from oxidative stress. 

Natural and sustainable 

Upcycled ingredients which valorise by-products are an emerging 

food industry trend that is gaining momentum. In Innova’s 2021 

Trends Survey, one-quarter of consumers polled agreed that products 

containing upcycled ingredients were more appealing than regular 



products. In the 2022 Trends Survey, one-third of participants agreed 

with this statement. 

SpermidineEvo ® fits perfectly with this trend as, although it is by far 

the most nutritious component of the wheat kernel, wheat germ has 

long been a by-product of flour production. GoodMills ‘upcycles’ 

wheat germ into a value-adding ingredient that meets consumer 

demand for naturalness and intrinsic functionality. What’s more, 

because SpermidineEvo ® is produced by purely physical methods 

and involves no chemicals, it offers manufacturers a high-purity 

source of spermidine that does not require regulation under the EU 

Novel Foods framework. 

SpermidineEvo ® can be supplied in various forms: as a stabilised raw 

germ for manufacturer extraction, as a ground powder or as a micronized 

powder for improved solubility. This enables its use in a broad 

range of applications, from supplements in capsule, tablet or gummy 

format, to powdered drinks, chewing gum, bars, smoothies, muesli, 

wheat germ milk and bread. 

The search is on 

Given the projections for longer living, the market for supplements 

and foods that promote healthy ageing has the potential 

to be huge. Among market innovators, the search for healthy 

ageing ingredients is permanently on. Cell regeneration research 

provides a sound basis for nutritional intervention with spermidine 

and SpermidineEvo ® wheat germ concentrate is the agent that can 

transform science into sales. 

References 

1 

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2022 

2 

Wirth M, Benson G, Schwarz C, Köbe T, Grittner U, Schmitz D, Sigrist SJ, Bohlken J, Stekovic 

S, Madeo F, Flöel A. The effect of spermidine on memory performance in older adults at risk 

for dementia: A randomized controlled trial. Cortex. 2018 Dec;109:181-188. doi: 10.1016/j. 

cortex.2018.09.014. Epub 2018 Oct 4. PMID: 30388439. 

3 

Schroeder S, Hofer SJ, Zimmermann A, Pechlaner R, Dammbrueck C, Pendl T, Marcello GM, 

Pogatschnigg V, Bergmann M, Müller M, Gschiel V, Ristic S, Tadic J, Iwata K, Richter G, Farzi 

A, Üçal M, Schäfer U, Poglitsch M, Royer P, Mekis R, Agreiter M, Tölle RC, Sótonyi P, Willeit 

J, Mairhofer B, Niederkofler H, Pallhuber I, Rungger G, Tilg H, Defrancesco M, Marksteiner 

J, Sinner F, Magnes C, Pieber TR, Holzer P, Kroemer G, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Scorrano L, 

Dengjel J, Madl T, Sedej S, Sigrist SJ, Rácz B, Kiechl S, Eisenberg T, Madeo F. Dietary spermidine 

improves cognitive function. Cell Rep. 2021 Apr 13;35(2):108985. doi: 10.1016/j. 

celrep.2021.108985. PMID: 33852843. 

For more information, please contact 

Max Weber, 

Product Manager Health and Nutrition, 

GoodMills Innovation GmbH 

Stand E174 

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Omega-3 phospholipids for lipid 

metabolism, liver and brain 

Philipp Gebhardt 

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a species of shrimp that lives 

in the waters around Antarctica in the Southern Ocean. Krill forms 

large swarms there, which can contain 10,000 to 30,000 individuals 

per cubic meter of water. The crabs feed on the primary production 

of phytoplankton, which builds up its body substance from 

carbon dioxide and nutrients with the help of photosynthesis. Krill 

lives in open water (“pelagic”) and is considered a key species of the 

Antarctic ecosystem, as it stands out as an essential food source for 

all larger Antarctic animals. Based on its biomass of approximately 

500 million tons, the species is probably the most prosperous species 

in the world. The fishery’s share is in the region of 250,000 tons, 

meaning that only about 0.05 % of the krill stock is caught each year. 

Foods made from krill contain high concentrations of proteins and 

vitamins and are therefore particularly valuable for consumption and 

feeding. A very interesting product made from krill is krill oil, which 

has a particularly high content of omega-3 phospholipids. 

Phospholipids 

Phospholipids are formed from non-polar fatty acid chains and a polar 

head group, which are linked to each other via a glycerol molecule. In 

contrast to neutral fats (triglyceri des), phospholipids 

are characterized by the fact that 

they have a hydrophilic, “water-loving” part 

of the molecule and a lipophilic, “fat-loving” 

part of the molecule. In the membranes of 

the cells, they form charac teristic double 

layers in which the lipophilic parts of the 

molecule are oriented inwards towards one 

another, while the hydrophilic parts of the 

molecule are oriented towards the inside of 

the cell (cytoplasm) or towards the outside 

of the cell. At around 30 %, the phospholipid 

content in krill oil is particularly high. 

Krill oil also contains relevant amounts of the 

physiologically important membrane phospholipid 

phosphatidylcholine (PC). A high 

proportion of phosphatidylcholine is essential 

for the integrity and function of cell 

membranes. It could be shown that patients 

with fatty liver disease have a shifted phospholipid 

ratio in the liver in favor of the phos- 



pholipid phosphatidylethanol amine. While 

phosphatidylcholine was three times higher 

in healthy subjects (PC/PE = 3.14), participants 

with fatty liver disease only measured 

an average PC/PE ratio of 1.23. (1) 

It is assumed that the altered phospholipid 

ratio not only affects the function of the cell 

membranes of hepatocytes, but also contributes 

to the development of inflammatory 

processes. (2) 

Choline from krill oil, from chicken eggs 

(approx. 125 mg choline per egg yolk) or 

from lecithin, on the other hand, does not 

lead to a significant increase in trimethylamine 

oxide concentrations. Krill oil is 

particularly recommended as a source of 

choline, as it does not contain any relevant 

amounts of cholesterol compared to 

egg yolk. Regarding the content of certain 

fatty acids, soy lecithin (omega-6/omega-3 

= 3/1) is preferable to sunflower lecithin. 

In contrast to vegetable lecithins, krill oil 

supplies the body with valuable omega-3 

fatty acids and does not contribute to the 

absorption of omega-6 fatty acids. 

Phosphatidylcholine as a precursor 

to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine 

In addition to its role as a cell membrane 

component and for the transport of fats in 

the body, choline is also of particular impor- 

Phosphatidylcholine is also required for the 

construction of lipoproteins, which transport 

fats from the liver to peripheral organs. 

Although choline can be synthesized by the 

body in the form of phosphatidylcholine, 

the capacity of this endogenous synthesis is 

limited and the vitamin-like nutrient must be 

supplied with food. Due to the high calorie 

density, comparatively small amounts of phosphatidylcholine 

are supplied with our modern 

diet. The European Food Safety Authority 

(EFSA) has set an adequate daily intake 

of 400 mg for adults, 480 mg for pregnant 

women and 520 mg for lactating women. (3) 

However, the actual daily choline intake is 

assumed to be only in the range of 291-468 

mg, with meat, fish, milk, grains and eggs 

being relevant food sources. (4) 

The consequences of an insufficient supply 

of phosphatidylcholine could be shown in a 

controlled nutritional study with 57 participants. 

Within a few weeks, most test persons 

developed fatty liver and measurable 

damage to the muscles. Symptoms were 

fully reversible after reintroduction of dietary 

choline. (5) 

Take your Gummy 

to the Next Level 

Beauty gummies 

Sugar reduction and 

protein enrichment 

Starch-free gelatin 

gummy production 

Natural sources of choline (phosphatidylcholine) 

should always be chosen for nutritional 

support with choline, since synthetic 

choline salts (“choline bitartrate”) tend to be 

converted into the substance trimethylamine 

by bacteria in the intestine. As a result, less 

choline is available for absorption. On the 

other hand, trimethylamine is converted in 

the liver into trimethylamine oxide, which is 

discussed as a risk factor for cardiovascular 

disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and various 

types of cancer. (6) 

GELITA AG · Uferstr. 7 · 69412 Eberbach · Germany · www.gelita.com


tance for our cognitive performance. In the cell membranes of cholinergic 

synapses, phosphatidylcholine serves as a substrate for the 

formation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Fig. 1). 

Cholin e + 

AChE 

Mitochondrium on 

ACh 

Acetyl-CoA 

CAT 

Na + Ca 2+ 

ACh 

Na + Ca 2+ 

Na + Ca 2+ 

Na + 

loss of appetite, nausea and muscle cramps 

occur. On the other hand, attempts are being 

made to naturally increase the levels of the 

neurotransmitter acetylcholine by supplying 

choline-containing compounds. Among 

other things, glycerophosphocholine (GPC), 

which is produced when the two fatty acid 

chains of phosphatidylcholine are removed, 

was examined. GPC is formed during the 

digestion of phosphatidylcholine and is also 

found in foods such as liver, meat, oatmeal 

and dairy products. The effectiveness of GPC 

in dementia was demonstrated in clini cal 

studies. (8) 

In Alzheimer’s dementia, a superior improvement 

in cognitive function compared to the 

cholinesterase inhibitor Donepezil could 

be demonstrated without any side effects 

occurring (Fig. 2). The severity of the symptoms 

was assessed using the ADAS-Cog 

test (Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale 

Cognition). Higher values indicate clearer 

symptoms. If all tasks on memory, language 

and orientation are solved correctly, 0 points 

are awarded. 70 points is the worst result. 

With more than 10 points, a cognitive impairment 

is assumed. In untreated patients with 

mild to moderate Alzheimer’s dementia, the 

score increases by an average of about 5.5 

points each year. (9) 

Ca 2+ 

Fig. 1: Acetylcholine is one of the most important neurotransmitters. In 

so-called cholinergic neurons, acetylcholine (ACh) is formed from acetyl-CoA 

and choline by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (CAT). It is released 

into the synaptic cleft to transmit stimuli. Acetylcholine is split by the 

enzyme acetylcholine esterase (AChE). Cholinergic neurons are responsible 

for the transmission of impulses at the motor endplate and are also found in 

large numbers in the brain. 

Degenerative changes in cholinergic neuron populations are 

observed in dementia. This affects parts of the association cortex 

and the hippocampus, which are of crucial importance for the function 

of memory. Tissue biopsies were able to demonstrate reduced 

acetylcholine concentrations, which correlated with the severity of the 

cognitive impairment.(7) 

- 4 

- 3 

- 2 

- 1 

0 

1 

2 

3 

4 

ADAS-cog 

nach after 12 

Wochen weeks 

nach after 24 

Wochen weeks 

400 3 x täglich mg GPC 

three 400 mg times GPC a day 

10 täglich mg Donepezil 10 mg 

once Donepezil a day 

5 täglich mg Donepezil 5 mg 

once Donepezil a day 

Donepezil 

Placebo 

GPC 

Placebo 

Cholinesterase inhibitors, which can effectively improve cognitive 

functions, are therefore used in the pharmacological therapy of 

Alzheimer’s dementia. By inhibiting cholinesterase, the concentration 

of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft increases, increasing the 

effect of the neurotransmitter on its receptor. When treated with 

choline sterase inhibitors, however, significant side effects such as 

Fig. 2: Comparison of the efficacy of GPC, the cholinesterase inhibitor 

Donepezil, and placebo in Alzheimer’s dementia (8). The graphic shows the 

change in the ADAS-cog baseline value after 12 and 24 weeks. 

Treatment is considered successful if it 

results in no further deterioration in cognitive 

function. 



Rating 

12,5 

12,0 

11,5 

11,0 

10,5 

10,0 

9,5 

Performance of 

verbal memory 

A dietary supplement with phosphatidylcholine 

can help maintain mental performance 

and prevent the development of dementia. 

A study with 1,391 participants between the 

ages of 36 and 83 clearly showed that the 

level of choline intake correlates with the 

performance of verbal and visual memory 

(Fig. 3). (10) As a source of phosphatidylcholine, 

krill oil is therefore particularly suitable 

for maintaining mental performance. 

Performance of 

the visual 

memory 

92-245 246-309 310-381 482-1019 

Daily choline intake [mg] 

10,6 

10,2 

9,8 

9,4 

9,0 

8,6 

8,2 

Fig. 3: The dose-response relationship between average daily choline intake 

and verbal and visual memory performance shows a positive correlation (10). 


According to scientific studies, about 10,000 

years ago, before the beginning of agriculture, 

human diet contained approximately 

equal parts of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty 

acids. With modern agriculture and the 

industrialization of livestock, the availability 

of omega-3 fatty acids has been reduced. 

Today’s feed for livestock is mostly based on 

grain and has a significantly higher proportion 

of omega-6 fatty acids than natural 

feed based on green plants. Today our food 

contains about 10 to 20 times more omega-6 

than omega-3 fatty acids. It is assumed that 

the increased intake of omega-6 fatty acids 

results in a pro-inflammatory metabolic state 

and promotes the development of degenerative 

diseases. Omega-6 fatty acids can be 

converted in the body into tissue hormones 

with a high inflammatory potential. In 

contrast, marine omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid 

(EPA) serve as substrates for the synthesis of tissue hormones with 

a low inflammatory potential. Since EPA competitively inhibits the 

enzyme systems responsible for the production of pro-inflammatory 

tissue hormones and contributes to the formation of anti-inflammatory 

resolvins, the omega-3 fatty acid has anti-inflammatory effects. 

EPA in depression 

According to the current state of knowledge, pro-inflammatory 

metabolic processes seem to play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology 

of depression, since increased levels of pro-inflammatory 

tissue hormones can be measured in people with depression 

and the administration of pro-inflammatory tissue hormones causes 

symptoms of depression. (11) Various studies have shown that the 

omega-3 fatty acid EPA has a positive effect on depression. Unsaturated 

fatty acids form a quantitatively relevant part of the brain. Lipids 

make up around 50-60 % of the dry weight of brain tissue, with DHA 

accounting for 25 %. Compared to DHA, EPA can only be detected 

in the brain in low concentrations. EPA ingested with food is therefore 

quickly metabolized and influences the effect of various sig naling 

molecules in the brain. (12) Supplementation with omega-3 fatty 

acids that contain a high proportion of EPA (≥ 60 % EPA) shows a 

clear antidepressant effect in clinical studies (Fig. 4). 

Studien mit EPA: 

Peet & Horrobin 2002 

Nemets et al. 2002 

Frangou et al. 2006 



Mischoulon et al. 2009 

Frangou et al. 2006 

Su et al. 2003 

Nemets et al. 2006 

Su et al. 2008 

Da Silva et al. 2008 

Da Silva et al. 2008 

% EPA: 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

67 

67 

65 

60 

60 

0 0,56 1,3 

Improvement of symptoms (SMD) 

Fig. 4: Estimation of the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids with 

increased EPA content in depression, presented as a standard mean 

difference (SMD). (13) 

There is research confirming EPA’s superior antidepressant efficacy 

to pharmacotherapies such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. 

It could also be shown that EPA can improve the effect of corresponding 

drugs. In clinical studies, the so-called Hamilton Scale 

(HDRS) is usually used to assess the severity of the symptoms. This 

is a standardized questionnaire in which a higher score in the result 

indicates more pronounced symptoms. A score (“score”) of up to 8 

points in a 17-question test (HDRS17) is considered clinically unremarkable. 

9 to 16 points indicate mild depression. A moderately 

severe symptomatology is assumed at 17 to 24 points. Severe depression 

is ≥ 25 points. In a randomized, double-blind study, 48 partici- 


13


pants with severe symptoms received either 20 mg of the selective 

serotonin reuptake inhibitor Fluoxetine, 1000 mg EPA, or a combination 

of both agents. While similar efficacy was demonstrated for 

EPA and fluoxetine, the complementary therapy shows the clearest 

improvement in symptoms, which reached the range of mild symptoms 

after eight weeks (Fig. 5). (14) 

Hamilton Depression Scale (Score) 

35 

30 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

Fig. 5: There are studies that show that EPA is more effective than treatment 

with antidepressants (here with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor 

fluoxetine). The effect can be further increased by combining the two 

therapy options. (after 9) 

Conclusion 

Fluoxetine 

EPA 

EPA+Fluoxetine 

0 

0 2 4 6 8 

Time (Weeks) 

The vitamin-like nutrient choline plays important roles in our 

body for the transport of fats, for the structure and function of cell 

membranes and for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. 

While synthetic choline compounds such as choline bitartrate 

are only incompletely absorbed and partially converted into 

harmful substances, the natural choline source phosphatidylcholine 

is particularly suitable for supplementation. Phosphatidylcholine 

from krill oil has the benefit of not containing cholesterol or omega-6 

fatty acids commonly found in lecithins. In addition to choline, krill oil 

contains high amounts of EPA and omega-3 fatty acids, which have 

been shown to help improve endothelial function and reduce high 

blood pressure. Omega-3 fatty acids from krill oil can have a beneficial 

effect on inflammatory processes and, in the case of mental 

disorders, contribute to improving the effect of serotonin and modulating 

dopamine function and to have a positive effect on cerebral 

blood flow. (15) 

References 

(1) Arendt, B. M., Ma, D. W., Simons, B., Noureldin, S. A., Therapondos, G., Guindi, M., ... & 

Allard, J. P. (2013). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with lower hepatic and 

erythrocyte ratios of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine. Applied Physiology, 

Nutrition, and Metabolism, 38(3), 334-340. 

(2) Li, Z., Agellon, L. B., Allen, T. M., Umeda, M., Jewell, L., Mason, A., & Vance, D. E. (2006). 

The ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine influences membrane integrity 

and steatohepatitis. Cell metabolism, 3(5), 321-331. 

(3) EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies), 2016. Scientific 

opinion on Dietary Reference Values for choline. EFSA Journal 2016;14(8):4484, 70 pp. 

(4) Vennemann, F. B., Ioannidou, S., Valsta, L. M., Dumas, C., Ocké, M. C., Mensink, G. B., ... 

& Mattison, I. (2015). Dietary intake and food sources of choline in European populations. 

British journal of nutrition, 114(12), 2046-2055. 

(5) Fischer, L. M., DaCosta, K. A., Kwock, L., Stewart, P. W., Lu, T. S., Stabler, S. P., ... & Zeisel, 

S. H. (2007). Sex and menopausal status influence human dietary requirements for the 

nutrient choline. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 85(5), 1275-1285. 

(6) Mödinger, Y., Schön, C., Wilhelm, M., & Hals, P. A. (2019). Plasma Kinetics of Choline and 

Choline Metabolites After a Single Dose of Superba Boost TM Krill Oil or Choline Bitartrate 

in Healthy Volunteers. Nutrients, 11(10), 2548. 

(7) Francis, P. T., Palmer, A. M., Snape, M., & Wilcock, G. K. (1999). The cholinergic hypothesis 

of Alzheimer’s disease: a review of progress. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & 

Psychiatry, 66(2), 137-147. 

(8) Parnetti, L., Mignini, F., Tomassoni, D., Traini, E., & Amenta, F. (2007). Cholinergic precursors 

in the treatment of cognitive impairment of vascular origin: ineffective approaches or 

need for re-evaluation?. Journal of the neurological sciences, 257(1-2), 264-269. 

(9) Ito, K., Corrigan, B., Zhao, Q., French, J., Miller, R., Soares, H., ... & Fullerton, T. (2011). 

Disease progression model for cognitive deterioration from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging 

Initiative database. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 7(2), 151-160. 

(10) Blusztajn, J. K., Slack, B. E., & Mellott, T. J. (2017). Neuroprotective actions of dietary 

choline. Nutrients, 9(8), 815. 

(11) Raison, C. L., Capuron, L., & Miller, A. H. (2006). Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation 

and the pathogenesis of depression. Trends in immunology, 27(1), 24-31. 

(12) Bazinet, R. P., Metherel, A. H., Chen, C. T., Shaikh, S. R., Nadjar, A., Joffre, C., & Layé, S. 

(2019). Brain eicosapentaenoic acid metabolism as a lead for novel therapeutics in major 

depression. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 

(13) Sublette, M. E., Ellis, S. P., Geant, A. L., & Mann, J. J. (2011). Meta-analysis: effects 

of eicosapentaenoic acid in clinical trials in depression. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 

72(12), 1577. 

(14) Jazayeri, S., Tehrani-Doost, M., Keshavarz, S. A., et al. (2008). Comparison of therapeutic 

effects of omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid and fluoxetine, separately and 

in combination, in major depressive disorder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 

42(3), 192-198. 

(15) Freeman, M. P., Hibbeln, J. R., Wisner, K. L., Davis, J. M., Mischoulon, D., Peet, M., ... & 

Stoll, A. L. (2006). Omega-3 fatty acids: evidence basis for treatment and future research 

in psychiatry. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(12), 1954. 


Philipp Gebhardt 

65779 Kelkheim, Germany 

p.gebhardt@mitotherapie.de 


Vitafoods Europe is 

Every year, thousands of nutraceutical experts look forward to joining friends, 

colleagues and suppliers at Vitafoods Europe. They love tasting new 

products, listening to world-class speakers, discovering new ingredients and 

connecting with fantastic people from across our industry. 

Experience it for yourself 

9-11 May Geneva 

1-12 May Online 

Register now at vitafoods.eu.com


Photo © : Adobe Stock/Vector Mine 

Abscisic acid: a minor but mighty 

signalling molecule for metabolic support 

and healthy ageing 

Abscisic acid (ABA) was one of the first well-documented 

phytohormones originally associated with the boring but 

crucial separation of fruit from stem. 1 Over the decades, 

scientists have unravelled more nuanced roles that ABA plays 

during fruit ripening, but the plot twist occurred when scientists 

started looking at the role of ABA in humans. It turns 

out ABA has multifaceted and significant beneficial impacts 

on human metabolic health. 2 It has even been suggested 

that diets lacking in ABA may be one of the contributing 

factors in the growing global obesity epidemic, the metabolic 

crisis associated with type II diabetes (T2DM), and cardiovascular 

disease (CVD). 2 

Hormones are an essential part of life: they 

are molecules that convey signals within 

organisms. In the case of ABA and other 

universal signalling hormones, hormones 

can also convey information between 

organisms provided a receptor exists. The 

hormone binds the receptor on the surface 

of a cell, signalling a change within the cell. 

As it happens, humans do have receptors for 

ABA, known as the LANCL1 and LANCL2 

receptors. 3 Perhaps more surprising is 

that humans also produce the hormone 

ABA, although in extremely low concentrations, 

from the beta cells of the pancreas. 4 

The LANCL2 receptor is expressed on 

most human cell types but at particularly 

high concentrations on glandular cells of 

the pancreas, on smooth muscle cells, on 

adipose tissue macrophages, and in the 

brain. These four sites are the major metabolic 

centres of the human body. 5,6 


Disrupted signals: Diabetes and inflammation 

Hormonal signalling across multiple organ systems deteriorates 

during the course of metabolic disease, altering energy 

and nutrient absorption, sensing, storage, and utilisation. 7 These 

signalling inadequacies and failures can happen in many different 

ways, and often in multiple ways simultaneously, usually in association 

with inflammation. 8,9 

In the case of the glucose-insulin axis in diabetes, insufficient 

insulin may be secreted from the pancreas or there may be insufficient 

receptor production on muscle and adipose cells to detect that 

insulin. Either way, if insulin signals are not received then glucose is 

not adequately absorbed from the blood stream into the cells where 

it is needed for energy. 10 This is insulin insensitivity. 

Not only does insufficient glucose absorption contribute to fatigue 

and cravings for more high energy food, but the glucose now still 

circulating in the blood causes damage. Just as excess glucose is 

sticky on hands, countertops and dishes, glucose molecules stick 

to red blood cells and the interior walls of arteries, contributing to 

atherosclerosis. 11 Luckily, just as signalling can deteriorate, it can 

also be restored. 

Boosting signals: Secretagogues stimulate secretion, 

increasing the quantity of released molecules 

In the pancreas, ABA stimulates the secretion of insulin and 

glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from the beta cells. 4,12 The importance 

and action of insulin is simple and central to metabolism, 

acting as the key that unlocks the doors for glucose to move from 

the blood stream into cells via GLUT-4 receptors, which bind and 

transport glucose molecules. 

GLP-1 is also central to metabolism, but its molecular targets, 

mecha nisms of actions, and downstream benefits are much more 

diverse. Primarily, GLP-1 supports insulin action, but it also promotes 

satiety by slowing down gastric emptying and has been found to 

have protective and regulatory effects on nearly all other organs and 

tissues including the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, muscles, 

bones, adipose, and nerves. 13 Because of this multifaceted role in 

regulating health, GLP-1 agonists (boosters) have been developed as 

some of the most promising treatments for severe metabolic diseases 

such as T2DM and obesity. 13 ABA as a natural GLP-1 secretagogue 

has the potential to play a crucial role in preventing the progression 

of metabolic syndrome and reversing disease in the early stages, akin 

to increasing the volume of healthy metabolic messages being sent 

throughout the body. 2 

Receiving signals: Increasing sensitivity 

ABA is an insulin sensitiser. This means it promotes the increased 

production of GLUT4 receptors on skeletal muscle cells and adipose 

No. 1 April/May 2023


tissue, creating more doors for insulin to shuttle glucose through. 14 

This is a multi-step process involving increased GLUT4 production, 

increased translocation of GLUT4 to the surface of cells making them 

active and ready for glucose, and increased translocation of storage 

vesicles containing glucose from GLUT4 into the interior of the cells 

where it is then available for use by mitochondria, generating energy 

for the cell. 15,16 

Re-sensitising the body to insulin is a crucial step toward re-establishing 

health and vitality, either through pharmaceuticals or lifestyle 

changes such as low carbohydrate diets, resistance training, sleep 

hygiene, intermittent fasting, and supplementation. 

Sharpening signals: Reducing inflammation 

An additional mechanism by which ABA supports insulin sensitivity, 

metabolic health, and systemic health is through anti-inflammatory 

mechanisms. Inflammation likely has a causal role in the 

development of insulin resistance and T2DM because inflammatory 

pathways (the sequence of events within a cell leading to inflammation) 

increase the production of proteins called cytokines that 

weaken insulin signalling. 9 Luckily LANCL2 is also found on immune 

cells such as macrophages, and in especially high concentrations 

on adipose macrophages, which help control inflammation. 5,6 ABA 

binding to LANCL2 on macrophages turns off broad pro-inflammatory 

(NFkB) pathways and turns on a potent anti-inflammatory (PPARγ) 

pathways. 17,18 Together, these decrease the production of cytokines 

that weaken insulin signalling. Like stepping from poor cellular phone 

coverage into strong wifi, ABA helps make the insulin signal louder, 

clearer, and without delays or interruptions. 

Signal received 

The benefits of ABA continue into the interior of each individual 

muscle and adipose cell to which ABA binds. ABA increases the 

number of mitochondria in cells, which are the energy-burning 

powerhouses of each cell. 19 By increasing the number of mitochondria, 

that cell can use more energy through a process known as 

thermogenesis: burning fuel for heat. When the number of mitochondria 

increase in adipose tissue, the cells that once appeared 

white start to appear brown, thus turning into metabolically active 

and healthy brown adipose tissue or brown fat. With more glucose 

entering the cells through GLUT4 receptors, more glucose is utilised 

by mitochondria. 16,19 

cholesterol (indicative of high risk for CVD) were observed, while levels 

of HDL (cardioprotective cholesterol) were maintained. Additionally, 

systolic blood pressure was reduced in participants consuming the 

ABA rich supplement compared to the placebo control. 21 

Definition 

Waist 

circumference 

Blood pressure 

Blood glucose 

Metabolic Health 

Optimal levels of all 

5 cardiovascular 

disease risk factor 

variables, without 

pharmaceuticals. 

Men < 102 cm 

Women < 88 cm 

SBP ≤ 120 mmHg 

DBP < 80 mmHg 

Fasting blood glucose 

< 100 mg/dL 

HbA1c < 5.7% 

Metabolic 

Syndrome 22 

Having suboptimal 

levels of 3 out of 

5 cardiovascular 

disease risk factor 

variables. 

Men ≥ 102 cm 

Women ≥ 88 cm 

SBP ≥ 130 mmHg 

DBP ≥ 85 mmHg 

Fasting blood 

glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL 

HbA1c > 5.7% 

Blood triglycerides < 150 mg/dL ≥ 150 mg/dL 

Cholesterol 

(HDL-C) 

Dietary sources of ABA 

Men ≥ 40 mg/dL 

Women ≥ 50 mg/dL 

Men < 40 mg/dL 

Women < 50 mg/dL 

Fruits and vegetables naturally contain ABA. The highest concentrations 

of ABA are found in fruiting bodies, as opposed to leafy greens. 23 

While not a universal rule, fruits that are non-climacteric (meaning 

they do not respond to ethylene gas during ripening and therefore 

need to ripen naturally on the stem or vine) tend to have higher 

levels of ABA than climacteric fruits. New Zealand feijoas contain 

the highest recorded concentration of abscisic acid yet identified in 

any fruit. This may be in part due to the extreme non-climacteric 

Systemic benefits and cardiovascular health 

The benefits from improved insulin sensitivity and glucose utilisation 

manifest across the body, just as the impacts of metabolic disease 

are systemic. Lipid metabolism and storage are also improved with 

the addition of ABA, supporting cardiovascular health and preventing 

the progression of CVD. 20 In clinical trials of an ABA rich supplement, 

significant reductions in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL 

Photo © : Anagenix 



nature of feijoas: Harvesting feijoas on a feijoa farm involves a net 

system that allows fruits to fall gently from trees when ripe. Additionally, 

the shelf life of fresh feijoa is approximately 3 days after falling 

and fruits are extremely susceptible to bruising. Unlike climacteric 

fruit, feijoa cannot be harvested unripe and later ripened in-market 

with ethylene. These factors have all hindered the development of 

a global feijoa market. However, these challenges are being overcome 

by a New Zealand company using a proprietary drying process 

to stabilise and capture ABA from New Zealand feijoas along with 

supporting anti-inflammatory polyphenols and prebiotic dietary fibre 

in a new ingredient trademarked as Feiolix. Feiolix is the only whole 

fruit (not extract)-based ingredient on the market standardised for 

ABA content, delivering multifaceted metabolic support. 

Foods 

ABA concentration (mg/kg) 

New Zealand Feijoas 4.29 

Avocados 2.0 

Citrus 1.25 

Soybean 0.79 

Fig 0.72 

Bilberry 0.4 

Maize 0.33 

Apricot 0.32 

Apple 0.30 

Tomato 0.20 

References 

1. Chen, K., Li, G. J., Bressan, R. A., Song, C. P., Zhu, J. K., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Abscisic acid dynamics, signaling, and functions in plants. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 62(1), 25-54. 

2. Zocchi, E., Hontecillas, R., Leber, A., Einerhand, A., Carbo, A., Bruzzone, S., ... & Bassaganya-Riera, J. (2017). Abscisic acid: a novel nutraceutical for glycemic control. Frontiers in nutrition, 

4, 24. 

3. Sturla, L., Fresia, C., Guida, L., Bruzzone, S., Scarfì, S., Usai, C., ... & Zocchi, E. (2009). LANCL2 is necessary for abscisic acid binding and signaling in human granulocytes and in rat 

insulinoma cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284(41), 28045-28057. 

4. Bruzzone, S., Bodrato, N., Usai, C., Guida, L., Moreschi, I., Nano, R., ... & Zocchi, E. (2008). Abscisic acid is an endogenous stimulator of insulin release from human pancreatic islets 

with cyclic ADP ribose as second messenger. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283(47), 32188-32197. 

5. Uhlén M et al., Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science (2015) 

PubMed: 25613900 DOI: 10.1126/science.1260419 

6. Human Protein Atlas proteinatlas.org 

7. Guo S. (2014). Insulin signaling, resistance, and the metabolic syndrome: insights from mouse models into disease mechanisms. The Journal of endocrinology, 220(2), T1–T23. 

8. Fahed, G., Aoun, L., Bou Zerdan, M., Allam, S., Bou Zerdan, M., Bouferraa, Y., & Assi, H. I. (2022). Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021. International 

journal of molecular sciences, 23(2), 786. 

9. Priest, C., Tontonoz, P. Inter-organ cross-talk in metabolic syndrome. Nat Metab 1, 1177–1188 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-019-0145-5 

10. Saltiel, A. R., & Kahn, C. R. (2001). Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Nature, 414(6865), 799-806. 

11. Jellinger, P. S. (2007). Metabolic consequences of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Clinical cornerstone, 8, S30-S42. 

12. Booz, V., Christiansen, C. B., Kuhre, R. E., Saltiel, M. Y., Sociali, G., Schaltenberg, N., ... & Bruzzone, S. (2019). Abscisic acid stimulates the release of insulin and of GLP-1 in the rat 

perfused pancreas and intestine. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 35(2), e3102. 

13. Müller, T. D., Finan, B., Bloom, S. R., D'Alessio, D., Drucker, D. J., Flatt, P. R., ... & Tschöp, M. H. (2019). Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Molecular metabolism, 30, 72-130. 

14. Leber, A., Hontecillas, R., Tubau-Juni, N., Zoccoli-Rodriguez, V., Goodpaster, B., & Bassaganya-Riera, J. (2020). Abscisic acid enriched fig extract promotes insulin sensitivity by 

decreasing systemic inflammation and activating LANCL2 in skeletal muscle. Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-9. 

15. Magnone, M., Emionite, L., Guida, L., Vigliarolo, T., Sturla, L., Spinelli, S., ... & Zocchi, E. (2020). Insulin-independent stimulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake by low-dose abscisic 

acid via AMPK activation. Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-14. 

16. Spinelli, S., Begani, G., Guida, L., Magnone, M., Galante, D., D'Arrigo, C., ... & Sturla, L. (2021). LANCL1 binds abscisic acid and stimulates glucose transport and mitochondrial respiration 

in muscle cells via the AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 pathway. Molecular metabolism, 53, 101263. 

17. Bassaganya-Riera, J., Guri, A. J., Lu, P., Climent, M., Carbo, A., Sobral, B. W., ... & Hontecillas, R. (2011). Abscisic acid regulates inflammation via ligand-binding domain-independent 

activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286(4), 2504-2516. 

18. Chen, X., Ding, C., Liu, W., Liu, X., Zhao, Y., Zheng, Y., Dong, L., Khatoon, S., Hao, M., Peng, X., Zhang, Y., & Chen, H. (2021). Abscisic acid ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation, 

and apoptosis in thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. European journal of pharmacology, 891, 173652. 

19. Sturla, L., Mannino, E., Scarfi, S., Bruzzone, S., Magnone, M., Sociali, G., ... & Zocchi, E. (2017). Abscisic acid enhances glucose disposal and induces brown fat activity in adipocytes 

in vitro and in vivo. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1862(2), 131-144. 

20. Magnone, M., Leoncini, G., Vigliarolo, T., Emionite, L., Sturla, L., Zocchi, E., & Murialdo, G. (2018). Chronic intake of micrograms of abscisic acid improves glycemia and lipidemia in a 

human study and in high-glucose fed mice. Nutrients, 10(10), 1495. 

21. Taghavi, M., Farid, H. R., Rafat, P. H., Sharifian, R. M., & Watson, R. (2012). Effect of feijoa supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes. 

22. Zafar, U., Khaliq, S., Ahmad, H. U., Manzoor, S., & Lone, K. P. (2018). Metabolic syndrome: an update on diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and genetic links. Hormones, 17(3), 299-313. 

23. Kou, X., Yang, S., Chai, L., Wu, C., Zhou, J., Liu, Y., & Xue, Z. (2021). Abscisic acid and fruit ripening: Multifaceted analysis of the effect of abscisic acid on fleshy fruit ripening. Scientia 

Horticulturae, 281, 109999. 


Anagenix Ltd 

Level 1, 272 Parnell Road 

Parnell, Auckland 1052, New Zealand 

info@anagenix.com 

www.anagenix.com 


19


© 

Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2023 

BetaVia: A natural, postbiotic 

for immune & gut health 

Samanta Maci 

Strong and well-functioning immune and gastrointestinal 

(GI) systems are essential for staying healthy. Market studies 

show that consumers recognize the link between poor digestive 

health and week immunity. Globally, 40 % of consumers 

suffer from digestive health problems on a regular basis and 

a survey from 2022 indicated that 66 % and 56 % of global 

consumers plan to address immune and digestive health in 

the next twelve months, respectively [1,2]. 

The GI and immune system are tightly connected, and their balance 

is essential for good health. The gut is considered the largest immunological 

organ in the body, controlling - through the intestinal barrier 

– what needs to “go in” or stays “out” of the body and having a 

central role in regulating immune homeostasis [3]. Approximately 

70 % of the entire immune system is located around the gut [4]. 

Responses to pathogens, recognition and tolerance of self-antigens, 

tolerance to commensal microflora, and sensitization/desensitization 

to food components, all take place in the gut [5]. 

Among the lifestyle triggers that have been 

associated with negatively altering intestinal 

permeability are western diets low in fiber and 

stress [6]. Interestingly, the disruption of the 

intestinal barrier integrity is suggested to be 

the principle behind “leaky gut” - a condition 

gaining more attention and reportedly 

more prevalent. Leaky gut has been associated 

with a wide range of conditions from mild 

occasional GI symptoms such as bloating, 

gas and cramping, to more severe conditions 

including disease states including autoimmune 

and allergic diseases, food allergies and 

Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome [7,8]. 

The integrity and function of the intestinal 

barrier is influenced by internal and external 

factors. Bacterial overgrowth and gluten 



are known to increased intestinal permeability 

[9]. Dietary components can also 

play beneficial roles beyond basic nutrition 

including the influence of immune and gut 

health. Beta-glucans (BG) are one such food 

component that can act via immune-gut 

health promoting mechanisms [10]. 

Kemin Human Nutrition and Health has 

recently introduced in the market BetaVia TM , 

a clinically studied, natural, postbiotic 

offering food and beverage and dietary 

supplement manufacturers the opportunity 

to address the emerging consumer demand 

for immune and gut benefits. 

Product characteristics 

BetaVia is naturally sourced, algae-based 

dietary ingredient that supports both the 

immune and gastrointestinal systems, 

providing benefits for digestive and respiratory 

health. This natural and clinically studied 

ingredient is sustainably produced from a 

proprietary strain of Euglena gracilis algae 

through a patented fermentation process 

(US 9,574,217 B2). Euglena gracilis from 

Kemin, is grown heterotrophically in closed 

tanks under controlled conditions. The optimization 

of this vertically integrated process results in the production 

of paramylon, granules made exclusively of long chains of linear, nondigestible, 

beta 1,3 glucan. 

BetaVia is available in 4 diverse product forms suitable for different 

applications including water dispersible ones: 2 forms with ≥ 50 % 

beta 1,3 glucans (on a dry weigh basis) also containing significant 

quantities of protein (≥ 15 %), and small quantities of fat vitamins, 

minerals, carotenoids and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty 

acids naturally present in the Euglena gracilis algae, and 2 forms 

with ≥ 95 % beta glucan content. 

BetaVia has an established regulatory status on a global basis and is 

Kosher, Halal certified as well as vegetarian, gluten-free, allergen-free and 

non-GMO. Product charac teristics and use is summarized in Table 1. 

BetaVia– immune & gut promoter 

In-vitro and in-vivo research indicates that beta 1,3 glucans from 

Euglena gracilis can play a beneficial role in both immune and gut 

health through a triple-action protection mechanism [11-15] (Fig 1). 

Insoluble beta 1,3 glucans are part of a class of molecules known 

as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that serve as 

the critical, “non-self” alert signals recognized by cells of the innate 

immune system (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells) present 

in the Peyer’s patches that are the sentinels in body’s natural defense 

present in the GI. Beta 1,3 glucans from BetaVia can reach the small 

intestine undigested, be phagocyted by the cells of the innate immune 

systems, prime these cells and recruit them to the GI tract [12,16]. 

Table 1: Technical characteristics of BetaVia product forms 

Parameters BV Complete BV Complete WD BV Pure BV Pure WD 

Identity 

Beta 1.3 glucan ≥ 50 % ≥ 50 % ≥ 95 % ≥ 95 % 

Protein ≥ 15 % ≥ 15% 0% 0% 

Flavor Algae Algae Neutral Neutral 

Color Golden Golden White White 

Adult Daily Dose 375 mg 375 mg 200 mg 200 mg 

Application 

Capsules, Tablets, 

Syrup, Sticks, Bars 

Softgels, 

gummies 

Capsules, Tablets, 

Sticks, Syrups, Bars 

Sticks, RTDs, 

gummies, softgels 

Microbiological Tests 

Aerobic Plate Count (CFU/g) 

Yeast and Mold (CFU/g) 

Coliforms(mpn/g) 

E.coli 

Salmonella 

Staphylococcus aureus 

L. monocytogens 

Conform to technical specifications 


21


Studies conducted in farm and companion animals suggest that 

continuous intake of algae-sourced beta 1,3 glucans can promote 

the host immune-gut regulation and health, reducing gut susceptibility 

to inflammation and shaping gut microbiota [16-19]. 

wash out period participants initially taking 

BetaVia received placebo and viceversa for 

additional 4 weeks. 

The study showed that BetaVia can promote 

gut health. Interesting unique intestinal 

health benefits noted exclusively with 4 

weeks of supplementation with BetaVia are 

reported in Figure 3. 

Furthermore, intestinal health benefits on 

additional markers of intestinal integrity, 

bowel movements and overall GI symptoms 

were comparable to the low-dose fiber used 

as the control. 

Fig. 1: Triple-action mechanism of BetaVia demonstrated in pre-clinical and 

clinical research. 

From a clinical perspective BetaVia’s efficacy on immune health 

was explored in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 

parallel study 90-day supplementation with BetaVia (providing at 

least 187.5 mg of beta 1,3 glucans) where healthy participants selfreported 

significantly fewer symptoms associated with upper respiratory 

tract infections [14]. Statistically significant reductions versus 

placebo at 90 days were found on global severity of symptoms, 

number of URTI symptoms, number of days with symptoms, URTI 

episodes and fewer sick days (Fig. 2). Interestingly, BetaVia effect 

started to be significant as early as 3 days of supplementation (posthoc 

analysis) [20]. 

Recently, to expand the knowledge about the benefits of this ingredient 

on immune-gut homeostasis, a randomized double-blind, controlled 

crossover clinical trial was conducted [15]. The clinical trial assessed 

the effect of supplementation of BetaVia on GI tolerability, symptoms, 

and blood markers of GI health in 50 generally healthy subjects 

with mild GI symptoms. Participants were randomized to receive 

capsules containing either 375 mg BetaVia (providing 187.5 mg beta 

1,3 glucan) or matching capsules containing microcrystalline cellulose 

(MCC- fiber control) and instructed to consume 1 capsule daily, 

30 min before the breakfast meal for 4 weeks. Following 3 weeks 

Fig. 3: Summary of specific benefits on GI parameters observed 

during 4 weeks supplementation with BetaVia but not observed with 

MCC-fiber control 

Safety 

BetaVia has an established regulatory status 

on a global basis. In Europe BetaVia (≥ 50 % 

beta 1,3 glucans) is approved as a novel food 

ingredient for different range of foods and 

beverages in the general population and food 

supplement from 1-year of age onward [21]. 

A second Novel Food evaluation is expected 

soon making all product forms available for 

the European market [22]. 

BetaVia Complete is the first and only ingredient 

derived from Euglena gracilis algae to 

be approved in Europe. Furthermore, the 

positive NF opinion grants Kemin an exclusivity 

on sales in Europe. 

Applications and mode of use 

Fig. 2: Summary of significant benefits on symptoms of URTI observed with 

BetaVia supplementation compared with placebo. 

The daily recommended dose of BetaVia for 

adults is 375 mg (≥ 50 % beta 1,3 glucans) 

or 200 mg (≥ 95 % beta glucan) administered 

30 minutes before breakfast. Compa- 



nies wishing to offer consumers an innovative 

new generation postbiotic ingredient 

for year-round immune and gut support 

can rely of a broad variety of applications to 

choose from. 

BetaVia can be incorporated as an ingredient 

in foods and beverages such as cereal 

bars, yogurts and yogurt drinks, fruit and 

vegetable juices and soft drinks. Also, the 

ingredient can be included in diverse food 

supplements formulated in solid and liquid 

forms such as capsules, tablets, sticks, softgels 

and syrups. 

The dossier provided to EFSA also contained 

information on the stability of the ingredient as 

raw material and when used in food supplement 

and food and beverages applications. 

Since the ingredient is sourced from algae, 

depending on the selected product form it 

may require some flavor masking, just like 

most of other nutritionals derived from algae. 

Final remarks 

The comprehensive preclinical and gold standard clinical research 

conducted by Kemin on beta 1,3 glucans from its proprietary strain 

of the algae Euglena gracilis confirms and extends the evidence 

that algal 1,3-glucans have beneficials effects for both immune and 

gastrointestinal health [14,23–28]. BetaVia could be a useful nutritional 

intervention for disrupted intestinal permeability (“leaky gut”) or 

dysbiosis (microbial imbalance), both of which are linked to immune 

health and with lifestyle habits such as diets low in fiber and stress. 

BetaVia fits the definition of a postbiotic viz “a preparation of inanimate 

microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit 

on the host.” [29] making it naturally-sourced, new generation postbiotic 

offering the dietary complement consumers are seeking for better 

immune and gut health. 

References 

1. FMCG GURUS Digestive Health in 2022 and Beyond – Global Report; 2022; 

2. Sperber, A.D.; Bangdiwala, S.I.; Drossman, D.A.; Ghoshal, U.C.; Simren, M.; Tack, J.; 

Whitehead, W.E.; Dumitrascu, D.L.; Fang, X.; Fukudo, S.; et al. Worldwide Prevalence and 

Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study. 

Gastroenterology 2021, 160, 99-114.e3, doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.014.


Photo © : Adobe Stock/ileana_bt 

3. Takiishi, T.; Fenero, C.I.M.; Câmara, N.O.S. Intestinal Barrier and Gut Microbiota: Shaping 

Our Immune Responses throughout Life. Tissue Barriers 2017, 5, doi:10.1080/21688370. 

2017.1373208. 

4. Vighi, G.; Marcucci, F.; Sensi, L.; Di Cara, G.; Frati, F. Allergy and the Gastrointestinal 

System. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2008, 153, 3–6, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03713.x. 

5. Shi, N.; Li, N.; Duan, X.; Niu, H. Interaction between the Gut Microbiome and Mucosal 

Immune System. Mil. Med. Res. 2017, 4, 1–7, doi:10.1186/s40779-017-0122-9. 

6. Madison, A.; Glaser-Kiecolt, J.K. Stress, Depression, Diet, and the Gut Microbiota: 

Human–Bacteria Interactions at the Core of Psychoneuroimmunology and Nutrition. Curr 

Opin Behav Sci 2019, 28, 105–110, doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.01.011. 

7. Camilleri, M. The Leaky Gut: Mechanisms, Measurement and Clinical Implications in 

Humans. 2019, 68, 1516–1526, doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318427.The. 

8. Niewiem, M.; Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk, U. Intestinal Barrier Permeability in Allergic 

Diseases. Nutrients 2022, 14, doi:10.3390/nu14091893. 

9. Fasano, A. All Disease Begins in the (Leaky) Gut: Role of Zonulin-Mediated Gut Permeability 

in the Pathogenesis of Some Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. F1000Research 2020, 9, 

1–13, doi:10.12688/f1000research.20510.1. 

10. Taylor, H.B.; Gudi, R.; Brown, R.; Vasu, C. Dynamics of Structural and Functional 

Changes in Gut Microbiota during Treatment with a Microalgal β-Glucan, Paramylon and 

the Impact on Gut Inflammation. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1–17, doi:10.3390/nu12082193. 

11. Kemin Technical Literature BetaVia Complete Supports Gut Health after Induced Colitis 

in Mice. KHTL-017-159. 

12. Kemin Technical Literature BetaVia Complete Can Prime Key Cells in the Innate Immune 

System. KHTL-017-150. 

13. Kemin Technical Literature Characteristics and Prebiotic-like Properties of BetaVia 

Complete. KHTL-017-149. 

14. Evans, M.; Falcone, P.H.; Crowley, D.C.; Sulley, A.M.; Campbell, M.; Zakaria, N.; Lasrado, 

J.A.; Fritz, E.P.; Herrlinger, K.A. Effect of a Euglena Gracilis Fermentate on Immune Function 

in Healthy, Active Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 

2019, 11, 2926. 

15. Kemin Source Document Data TD-20-6867 Effect of a Euglena Gracilis (1,3 β-Glucan) 

on Gut and Immune Health in Healthy Adults with Mild Gastrointestinal Issues. 

16. Kemin Source document TD-17-00322 

17. Kemin Source Document SD-17-00243 (TL-17-00067) 

18. Kemin Source Document SD-19-21271 

19. Kemin Source Document WP-18-00135 

20. Kemin Source Document. KHTL-017-164 Safe and 

Natural BVC Starts to Provide Immune Support After 3 Days 

of Use 

21. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1820 

of 2 December 2020 authorising the placing on the market 

of dried Euglena gracilis as a novel food under Regulation 

(EU) 2015/2283 of the European Parliament and of the 

Council and amending Commission Implementing Regulation 

(EU) 2017/2470 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32020R1820&from=EN 

22. https://food.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/novelfood_sum_ongoing-app_2019-1261.pdf 

23. Nakashima, A.; Sasaki, K.; Sasaki, D.; Yasuda, K.; 

Suzuki, K.; Kondo, A. The Alga Euglena Gracilis Stimulates 

Faecalibacterium in the Gut and Contributes to Increased 

Defecation. Sci. Rep. 2021, 11, 1–8, doi:10.1038/s41598- 

020-80306-0. 

24. Umei, M.; Akazawa, H.; Saga-Kamo, A.; Yagi, H.; Liu, 

Q.; Matsuoka, R.; Kadowaki, H.; Shindo, A.; Nakashima, A.; 

Yasuda, K.; et al. Oral Administration of Euglena Gracilis 

Z Alleviates Constipation and Cardiac Dysfunction in a 

Mouse Model of Isoproterenol-Induced Heart Failure. Circ. 

Reports 2022, 4, 83–91, doi:10.1253/circrep.cr-21-0094. 

25. Bhattad, T.; Koradiya, A.; Prakash, G. Prebiotic Activity 

Of Paramylon Isolated From Heterotrophically Grown 

Euglena Gracilis. Heliyon 2021, 7, e07884, doi:10.1016/j. 

heliyon.2021.e07884. 

26. Sakanoi, Y.; Shuang, E.; Yamamoto, K.; Ota, T.; Seki, K.; 

Imai, M.; Ota, R.; Asayama, Y.; Nakashima, A.; Suzuki, K.; 

et al. Simultaneous Intake of Euglena Gracilis and Vegetables 

Synergistically Exerts an Anti-Inflammatory Effect 

and Attenuates Visceral Fat Accumulation by Affecting Gut 

Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1–15, doi:10.3390/ 

nu10101417. 

27. Ishibashi, K.; Nishioka, M.; Onaka, N.; Takahashi, M. 

Effects of Euglena Gracilis EOD-1 Ingestion on Salivary IgA 

Reactivity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Humans. 

Nutrients 2019, 11, 1144. 

28. Nakashima, A.; Suzuki, K.; Asayama, Y.; Konno, M.; 

Saito, K.; Yamazaki, N.; Takimoto, H. Oral Administration of 

Euglena Gracilis Z and Its Carbohydrate Storage Substance 

Provides Survival Protection against Influenza Virus Infection 

in Mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2017, 494, 

379–383, doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.167. 

29. Salminen, S.; Collado, M.C.; Endo, A.; Hill, C.; Lebeer, 

S.; Quigley, E.M.M.; Sanders, M.E.; Shamir, R.; Swann, J.R.; 

Szajewska, H.; et al. The International Scientific Association 

of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) Consensus Statement 

on the Definition and Scope of Postbiotics. Nat. Rev. 

Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2021, 18, 649–667, doi:10.1038/ 

s41575-021-00440-6. 


Kemin Human Nutrition and Health, 

Samanta Maci 

samanta.maci@kemin.com, 

Tel. +351 214 157 500 

www.kemin.com 



Photo © : iStock/artJazz 

Fake Mineral Salts – 

great find or great fraud? 

Mass media is threatened by „fake 

news“, but there is also another topic 

arising in the food industry to worry 

about: “fake Minerals”. This is a form 

of food fraud and more specially: 

“ingredient fraud”, which is essentially 

the fraudulent replacement of an 

original (more expensive) raw material 

with a less expensive one, without the 

purchaser’s knowledge, for economic 

profits or competitiveness in the 

market. Adulteration and fraudulence 

of ingredients are global concerns for 

stakeholders, industries, risk assessors 

and consumers. 

The issue of food fraudulence is a current 

world-wide concern. There has been a 

massive increase in the number of cases that 

range from horsemeat in lasagne to melamine 

in infant formula. Less well known, is 

the fact that individual ingredients in foods or 

dietary supplements, that claim to be in the 

product for beneficial health reasons, can 

also be “faked”. In the world of food fraud, Mineral Salt adulteration 

is one act of defrauding buyers, product developers and in the end 

consumers for economic gain. 

Mainly organic Mineral Salts such as Citrates, Lactates, Gluconates, 

Bisglycinates and many more are adulterated and in focus to be 

replaced by using all kinds of substances – mainly cheap and inactive. 

Instead of using fully reacted pure Mineral Salts, food or food 

supplement producers end up in processing unreacted compounds 

of inorganic substances such as Oxides, Carbonates or others. This 

can lead to uncontrolled impurity profiles, formulation stability problems 

or misbranded and finally adulterated products without the positive 

effect of fully reacted Mineral Salts like a good bioavailability and 

less side effects. 

Fully reacted Mineral Salts have genuine health benefits. The practice 

of substituting fully reacted organic Mineral Salts with unreacted 

blends has the potential to prevent individuals consuming these 

products for health reasons and from receiving the benefits they are 

in fact seeking. Fraudulent products that have been adulterated from 

their pure form will not show the same functionality in the body and 

would not show the same positive attributes as evidenced in scientific 

studies. Meanwhile, unknown reactions in the body may take place. 

The body is used as reaction vessel as the reaction of e. g. Magne- 


25


sium Carbonate in combination with citric acid leads to the formation 

of Magnesium Citrate in the stomach. The absorption of valuable 

components might be strongly reduced. 

Any product subject to adulteration does not meet health requirements 

beneficial to customers and certainly will not withstand the 

standards of the manufacturer distributing final products. Moreover, 

uncontrolled impurity profiles due to raw materials that are contaminated 

with e. g. heavy metals might occur. In the case of chemically 

synthetically manufactured products that are fully reacted, purification 

processes are used to remove any undesirable substances. 

Fully reacted Mineral Salts 

√ high purity 

√ genuine health benefits 

√ high bioavailability 

√ less side effects 

Fake Mineral Salts 

uncontrolled impurity profiles 

low absorption 

formulation stability problems 

misbranded and adulterated final products 

Regulatory status 

The regulation of Mineral Salts for the use in food supplements is 

one of the most complex topics in food law. In Europe, in the United 

States as well as in Asia compliance with food law provisions is monitored 

by competent supervisory authorities. Although final pro ducts 

must be registered with local authorities, they are only checked at 

random. The manufacturers are responsible for the safety and the 

correct declaration of their products; but the lack of published monographs 

of many widely used Mineral Salts leaves buyers, product 

developers and quality departments wondering if the pro ducts they 

buy are indeed safe. These unreliable practices continue to create 

uncertainty about the chemical manufacturing process, and too 

many doubting if the desired product is in fact a fully reacted organic 

Mineral Salt. 

Process of manufacturing 

High purity fully reacted organic Mineral Salts are known to be highly 

bioavailable for the human body. They are typically manufactured 

by a chemical reaction, wherein an acid and an alkaline Mineral 

source react in an aqueous solution. The 

result of a complete reaction is the formation 

of a Salt compound that is highly pure 

and fully reacted. This process is a so-called 

neutralization reaction, where a strong acid 

and a strong base counteract each other 

and a neutral solution with a pH-value of 7 

is obtained. This is why most fully reacted 

Mineral Salts have a fairly neutral pH-value. 

This, on the other hand, stands in contrast 

to a dry blend of ingredients that show an 

acidic or alkaline pH-value. 

The possibility of purification within the 

production process as well as clearly defined 

structures for the final organic salt can only 

be ensured by using sophisticated manufacturing 

processes. In this case the purification 

process includes the elimination of 

impurities like heavy metals, residues from 

mining, foreign matter and others. For each 

element individual impurities are characteristic: 

Magnesium is typically accompanied 

by nickel, whereas Zinc occurs with lead and 

cadmium. Furthermore, Iron Salts are often 

accompanied by various heavy metals and a 

purification step is crucial. 

Examples and deficiencies of Mineral 

Salt “Fakes” 

A fully reacted Trimagnesium Dicitrate for 

example shows an almost neutral pH-value. 

A simple way to demonstrate the presence of 

unreacted mineral base is the addition of acid. 

A product blended with Carbonate or Oxide, 

will create an effervescence reaction. Many 

Oxides contain Carbonate residues by nature. 

These alkaline ingredients for example can 

react with any acidic ingredients and produce 

CO 2 

.The unreacted blend can cause additional 

uncontrollable and unforeseeable reactions. 

A blend of unreacted salts might be 

unstable due to slow but ongoing reactions in 

the formula of the final product. 

Table 1: Examples for Mineral content of fully reacted organic Salts and their pH-value 

Organic Acid Product Name Mineral Content pH (in 1% solution) 

Ascorbate Magnesium L-Ascorbate 5.5 - 6.2% approx. 7 

Citrate Trimagnesium Dicitrate, anhydrous 14.5 - 16.4% approx. 7 

Bisglycinate Ferrous Bisglycinate 21.6 - 23.0% approx. 8 

Malate Magnesium DL-Malate 3-hydrate 11.3 - 11.8% approx. 7 



This reaction can also result in hardened 

powder formulas or popped/burst blister 

packs with tablets that are disintegrated. 

Those alkaline substances can also react 

with other substances in the formulation, 

e. g. Vitamin C or cause unforeseeable 

exothermic reactions. Decomposed mixtures 

could even comprise hazardous, corrosive 

substances. 

In liquid applications, like beverages, an 

adulterated/blended product might not 

show the solubility of a fully reacted Mineral 

Salt. It might dissolve in an inappropriate 

time or even become sedimentary, thereby 

damaging the integrity of the final product 

being sold and consumed. 

Formulations that contain blends of mineral 

ingredients may have inappropriate or 

misleading ingredient labelling. In the case 

of Trimagnesium Dicitrate, one should 

become conscientious when purchasing a 

product with a content of 20 % Magnesium. 

Due to the stoichiometry of a fully reacted 

Magnesium Citrate, it can only offer a maximum of 16 % Magnesium 

in the anhydrous form. Even with the best drying capabilities, a 

higher Magnesium content cannot be achieved. Therefore, pro ducts 

claiming a higher mineral content are blends and should be labelled 

in the ingredients lists accordingly e. g. Magnesium Citrate and 

Magnesium Oxide/Magnesium Carbonate. 

Another example is a “chelated taste free Iron Salt”, which sounds like 

the perfect solution for any application where taste and bioavail ability 

are required. Unfortunately, this is not possible. Chelated Mineral 

Salts are fully reacted complex molecules. In the case of Bisglycinates 

they are Salts of the endogenous amino acid glycine. They bind 

the glycine directly through a highly sophisticated chemical manufacturing 

process in the presence of citric acid until they are fully 

reacted: meaning that a bonding has been formed in the complex 

between the mineral ion and its ligands. The chelate structure has 

a positive effect on the solubility, which improves the bioavailability 

of this organic compound. 1,2 Moreover, the amino acid chelate is 

only digested in the intestine, which optimizes the absorption. 3 Most 

chelated Minerals have a strong (often negative) taste impression. In 

case of chelated Iron they even leave a metallic taste in the mouth. 

It is apparent that products claiming to be tasteless like a “taste free 

Iron Bisglycinate” are blends of unreactive salts. When taking a closer 

look to those products one can recognize that, a reddish material, 

which shows high magnetic properties, cannot be a fully reacted 

Ferrous Bisglycinate with a typically greenish-brown colour and 

without any magnetic characteristics. This would rather be a blend of 

Iron(III) Oxide and Iron powder and the amino acid glycine. Analysis 

is tricky in this case because it is possible to find Fe(II) when doing a 

wet-chemical analysis even though the ingredients of the blend are 

entirely unreactive. 

Another example could be Magnesium Taurate that has been 

used rather rarely so far. It is permitted for the use in food supplements 

in Europe. 4 It features a bioavailable source of Magnesium 

combined with the natural body constituent Taurate, which most 

customers know as core ingredient in “energy drinks” (taurine, a 

naturally occurring beta-amino acid). However, there are products 

on the market which are only dry blends of Magnesium Oxide and 

Taurine. Apart from the fact that the alleged fully reacted material is 

not soluble a more detailed examination, for example with a complementing 

combination of two methods like an elemental and structural 

analysis (by using XRD and EDX on the electron microscope), can be 

used to identify the material. 

In the qualitative analysis of the surface of solid or powdery materials, 

the Energy Dispersive spectroscopy by X-rays (EDX) is used to identify 

the elements. 

Fig. 1: Structure of a fully reacted Ferrous 

Bisglycinate, 

(Photo © : Dr. Paul Lohmann GmbH & Co. KGaA) 

In SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) pictures a heterogeneous 

structure provides the first hint on an unreacted compound. The SEM 

picture (see Fig. 2) of the fake Mineral shows smooth, large Taurine 


27


method can ensure that fully reacted Mineral 

Salts have the correct molecular structure. 

NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy 

is a very powerful method for the 

analysis and identification of substances, 

as well as for the structural characterization 

of mostly organic compounds. It is based 

on the different behaviour of magnetically 

active atomic nuclei under the influence of 

an external strong magnetic field. 

NMR spectroscopy is used, for example, to 

ensure that the compound shown is in fact 

the substance of interest. NMR spectroscopy 

maps the “fingerprint” of a molecule. 

Fig. 2: SEM picture of a not fully reacted Magnesium Taurate 

(Photo © : Dr. Paul Lohmann GmbH & Co. KGaA) 

crystals and then the small, composite Magnesium Oxide particles. 

The fake Taurinate does not have a uniform crystal structure, which 

also affects its physical properties such as solubility. The Taurine can 

go into solution, while the Magnesium Oxide remains undissolved. 

A fully reacted Magnesium Taurate in turn would show a homogeneous 

structure due to the wet-chemical production process that is 

necessary. 

Furthermore, the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) gives information on the 

identity of a crystalline substance. Compared with the X-ray diffractograms 

of single ingredients one will see if the material is a compound 

of pure taurine and e. g. Magnesium Oxide or a fully reacted Magnesium 

Taurate. 

There are several other ways to differentiate between a fully reacted 

Mineral Salt and a blend of reactants or fraudulent Mineral Salts. 

Precise analytical detection methods like chemo metric data analysis 

as well as simple sensory evaluations, electron microscopy for crystal 

structure analysis, thermogravimetric analysis or even x-ray diffraction 

can help to detect fraudulent Mineral Salts. 

Further detection methods 

A simple and very revealing method for identification, characterization 

and structure elucidation is the InfraRed spectroscopy. To differentiate 

between a fully reacted Mineral Salt and a blend of reactants 

infrared rays (wavelength approx. 800 nm-1 mm) are inserted 

into the material to be tested and individual molecules are made to 

vibrate. Some wavelengths are absorbed by the material; this in turn is 

imaged as absorption bands. The infrared spectrum is, like a molecular 

“fingerprint”, characteristic for the investigated molecule. This 

The NMR profile of Lysine HCL in comparison 

to Magnesium Bislysinate HCL show a 

shift of approx. 6 ppm the first C atom from 

175 ppm for the free amino acid Lysine 

HCL to 181 ppm for the fully reacted Magesium 

Bislysinate. The same observation can 

be made for the comparison of Glycine vs. 

Magnesium Bisglycinate. The shift is from 

179 ppm for the free amino acid Glycine to 

173 ppm for the fully reacted Magnesium 

Bisglycinate. In both cases the second C 

atom remains unaffected. 

Table 2: NMR profile of Lysine HCL in comparison to Magnesium 

Bislysinate HCL 

13 

C NMR (D 2 

O): 

δ (ppm) of C-1 

Lysine HCl 175 55 

Mg bislysinate HCl 181 55 

13 

C NMR (D 2 

O): 


Table 3: NMR profile of Glycine in comparison to Magnesium Bisglycinate 

13 

C NMR (D 2 

O): 


Glycine 179 42 

Mg Bisglycinate 173 42 

Comparable products 

Meticulous inspection of labels and packaging 

is another way to uncover fraud. If 

anything seems to be unclear or misleading, 

food business owners should ask questions 

and if there are no reassurances, they should 

not purchase the ingredients. 

13 

C NMR (D 2 

O): 




Legitimate Mineral Salts that are permitted 

for the use in food or dietary supplements, 

will have been approved by local authorities 

based on extensive studies, including proof of 

bioavailability and toxicological characteristics. 

In Europe e. g. the EFSA (European 

Food Safety Authority) carries out safety 

assessments to evaluate the safety of a raw 

material for consumers. The Mineral Salts 

are usually clearly defined by relevant quality 

descriptions such as pharmacopoeias or 

E-Numbers. These parameters should be 

found in the manufacturers’ product specifications 

(often parameters such as “identity”, 

“assay”, “pH” are listed among others): 

the parameters listed in the specifications 

should have been analysed accordingly for 

each production batch. Anything out of the 

normal range should be suspicious. 

Still in some cases, if the parameters “identity” 

or “assay” fit to the desired material, 

experts find it hard to examine whether it is 

a fake or not – the best way to proof if it is 

indeed a fully reacted organic Mineral Salt 

would depend on the analytical methods 

used (as described above). Very helpful 

can be the comparison of a product with 

a reliable product that is already sold on 

the market. 

Price 

All buyers along the food chain should also 

be conscientious when purchasing ingredients 

and may be right to be suspicious if 

they are offered a product that is well below 

the normal cost price. Even if they were quite 

sure about the selection of their current 

suppliers they should not hesitate to critically 

and systematically question the legitimacy 

of products being sold to them. The 

buyer, should refrain from buying inferior or 

blended goods for a fixed price, in order to 

procure products as cheaply as possible. 

Unfortunately, there are no educational resources available and no 

guidance for industry to support the quality assurance and safety of 

these products. 

The detection of food fraud is not easy, especially in the case of 

Mineral Salt adulteration. So, what tools can deter fraudsters, or give 

early detection of fraudulent salts? 

Partnership with specialized producers having established 

food standards 

In order to maintain the integrity of a product, one should rely on 

partnerships with raw material manufacturers instead of pure trading 

activities. Producers with extensive specialized knowledge that 

process raw materials of trustworthy resources with the strategy to 

communicate openly and transparently about the production will 

distinguish themselves from the fraudsters in the industry. 

Since the so-called Benchmarking Requirements of the GFSI (Global 

Food Safety Initiative) published in 2017 – there are clear requirements 

against food fraud which have to be included in all GFSIapproved 

food safety standards. 5,6 This applies to the IFS standards 

as well as BRC or FSSC 22000, a system used by food manufacturers 

to prevent food fraud. Oversight, information, and communication 

are essential to a productive and beneficial system to eliminate 

food fraud. The central element being a hazard analysis and risk 

assessment implementation. 

Great find or great fraud? 

While existing product fraud initiatives have focused on food, food 

supplements and drugs in general, little attention has been devoted 

to defining the new, complex and interdisciplinary thread of ingre- 

Combating Mineral Salt adulteration 

While there are public databases compiling 

reports for food fraud, there is no tool for 

ingredients like Mineral Salts. Producers of 

food supplements should use good judgment 

when purchasing their raw materials. 

Photo © : Adobe Stock/alfaolga 


29


dient fraud. The prevalence of Mineral Salts being adulterated 

serves as supporting evidence for the need to create for a proactive 

approach towards prevention and a greater focus on regulation and 

oversight. A comprehensive compilation of information about known 

problematic Mineral Salts and detection methods does not currently 

exist. Therefore, the problem of adulteration will continue to persist 

for consumers, manufacturers, retailers, and authorities. 

Due to globalisation and fragmentation of the flow of goods as well 

as creative forms of falsification and new methods of analytical proof, 

Mineral Salt adulteration remains an industry challenge, even as 

industry and consumer increasingly demand more transparency in 

sourcing and labelling. Unfortunately, as long as the food and food 

supplements industries continue to compete primarily on price points, 

certain companies will continue to undermine 

their product in order to undercut their 

competitors. Adulteration appears to be one 

approach to cutting cost for profit as it offers 

surprisingly cheap products and alternatives. 

Adulteration poses many serious and longterm 

risks and ramifications for suppliers 

and consumers. If not regulated, it has the 

potential of overrunning legitimate resources 

and eventually causing health and safety 

issues on a global scale. 

References 

1. Ferrari, P., Nicolini, A., Manca, M. L., Rossi, G., Anselmi, L., Conte, M., … & Bonino, F. (2012). Treatment of mild non-chemotherapy-induced iron deficiency 

anemia in cancer patients: comparison between oral ferrous bisglycinate chelate and ferrous sulfate. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 66(6), 414-418. 

2. Name, J. J., Vasconcelos, A. R., Maluf, V. R., & Cristina, M. (2018). Iron Bisglycinate Chelate and Polymaltose Iron for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency 

Anemia: A Pilot Randomized Trial. Current pediatric reviews, 14(4), 261-268. 

3. Bagna, R., Spada, E., Mazzone, R., Saracco, P., Boetti, T., Cester, E. A., ... & Coscia, A. (2018). Efficacy of Supplementation with Iron Sulfate Compared to 

Iron Bisglycinate Chelate in Preterm Infants. Current pediatric reviews, 14(2), 123-129. 

4. Directive 2002/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to 

food supplements 

5. https://mygfsi.com/press_releases/gfsi-releases-new-edition-of-benchmarking-requirements/ 

6.https://mygfsi.com/press_releases/version-7-1-of-gfsis-benchmarking-requirements-furthering-harmonisation/ 


Dr. Paul Lohmann GmbH & Co. KGaA 

31860 Emmerthal/Germany 

sales@lohmann4minerals.com 

www.lohmann4minerals.com 


Ashwagandha – a review 

Photo © : Adobe Stock/thala_bhula 

Ashwagandha leaves for health: 

A 360° review of tradition and science 

Withania somnifera (Linn.) Dunal., 

commonly known as ashwagandha is an 

evergreen shrub (A) that grows in the drier 

regions of India and in other countries. 

Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar 

Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and 

Madhya Pradesh are the major ashwagandha 

producing Indian States (B) . 

Ashwagandha has a long history of 

use in the traditional systems of medicine 

in India. In Ayurvedic medicine, 

ashwagandha is considered a Rasayana 

(Ayurvedic therapy to restore one’s 

vitality to its fullest). Although the 

roots of the plant are better known for 

their health benefits, the leaves are also 

used in Ayuvedic medicine and have 

also been studied both separately and 

together with roots. This review covers 

the ashwagandha leaves, their phytochemical 

constitution, health benefits, 

sustainability, and their use in foods 

and dietary supplements. 

Phytochemistry 

The phytochemicals identified in the ashwagandha plant include the 

steroidal lactones (withanolide aglycones and withanolide glycosides), 

phytosterols, polyphenols (including catechins), alkaloids (including 

choline and pseudo-tropine), fatty acids, organic acids, amino acids, 

sugars and minerals. The withanolides occur as secondary metabolites, 

and are rather unique to ashwagandha, being found in highest 

amounts in ashwagandha, and lower amounts in nightshade plants. 

In addition to the large varieties and content of withanolides, sulphurated 

withanolides and chlorinated withanolides are also present 

in ashwagandha – chlorinated phytochemicals are seldom seen in 

nature (1, C, D, E) . 

The leaves of the ashwagandha plant are dull green, oval or elliptical 

in shape and are about 2 to 6 inches long. Although there are 

a number of published studies of the ashwagandha phytochemicals, 

most studies do not distinguish between the phytochemicals present 

in the leaves versus those present in the roots. In this review (1) , phytochemicals 

identified in leaves separately, roots separately, and roots 

and leaves are presented. However, since this is a compilation of 

different research studies, it’s not possible from this review to identify 

or confirm the presence of phytochemicals in leaves which are absent 


31


applied to tumors and to tuberculous glands. 

Antibiotic and antibacterial properties have 

been shown in the roots and leaves of plants. 

It has been reported that the leaves possess 

an anabolic activity in accelerating growth in 

children and retarding the process of aging 

and countering senile complaints, although 

it’s not clear how the leaves are prepared for 

these conditions. The leaves are very bitter 

and given by preparing infusions for fevers (4) . 

The leaves of the plant are considered useful 

for disinfecting anthrax. The fresh juice of 

the leaves is applied to anthrax pustules. The 

leaves are also used for internal and external 

treatment of hemorrhoids (4) . 

Ethnomedical use 

of Ashwagandha leaf 

in root, and vice versa. In a comprehensive metabolic fingerprinting 

study of roots and leaves by NMR, LC-MS and GC-MS (C) researchers 

identified 62 major and minor primary and secondary metabolites in 

leaves, 48 in roots, with 29 of these being common between roots and 

leaves. Quantitative and qualitative differences between roots and 

leaves, especially with the secondary metabolites, were observed. 

The major metabolites identified by NMR in the leaves are withaferin 

A, withanolide D, and withanone, while the major metabolites in root 

are withanolide A and withanone (C,F) . The total amount of metabolites 

in leaf was much higher than in root. In another study, withaferin A 

content in leaves was also determined to be higher in leaves than in 

roots (D) . Leaves have also been reported to contain higher amounts 

of polyphenols and flavonoids when compared to ashwagandha roots 

and fruits. Leaves also contain high levels of catechins compared to 

other parts of the plant (5) . 

It is generally agreed that the withanolides are associated with the 

health benefits of ashwagandha (E) . The withanolides content is higher 

in the leaves than the roots as discussed above. Withanogenesis occurs 

independently in the leaves and roots, but based gene trans cription 

studies (F) , the leaves are the primary site for withanolide biosynthesis. 

Given these determinations, it is interesting to note that the root is used 

more extensively in traditional medicine than the leaves, although the 

leaves are a more important source of the withanolides. 

Traditional use 

Photo © : Adobe Stock/Gummy Bear 

As mentioned, in traditional Ayuvedic medicine, leaves are used 

for their health benefits and are applied both topically and orally 

depending on the use (H) . A paste of leaves is topically applied over 

carbuncles and syphilitic sores (2,3) . An ointment prepared by boiling 

the leaves in fat is useful for bedsores and wounds. The leaves are 

Ashwagandha leaf is traditionally used as an 

ethnomedicine in various regions of India 

and is extensively used in folklore practice 

for various disease conditions. The leaf is 

preferred using both internal and external 

routes. The leaves are used for leprosy in 

Assam (a), Rheumatism, Bed sores, Haemorrhoids, 

Abscesses, Smallpox, Poorly healing 

open wounds, Blood purification in Chattisgarh 

(b), boils, rheumatic pain in Haryana 

(c), joint swelling in Haryana (d), diabetes 

(e) and joint pain (f) in Himachal, obesity 

and memory enhancer in Jammu and 

Kashmir (g), ulcers, carbuncles and scabies 

(h), insomnia, anxiety and stress (i), cough 

and tuberculosis (j) in Karnataka, asthma in 

Madhya Pradesh (k), cough in Maharashtra 

(l) ashthma, cough and cold in Orissa (m), 

antihelmintic (n), joint pain (o), diabetes (p), 

stress (q), sedative diuretic (r) in Tamilnadu, 

anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, asthma (s), rheumatic 

pain, fever, tuberculosis (t)in Utter 

Pradesh, insomnia (u) in Uttarakhand. 

Scientific studies 

A review of Pubmed provides some understanding 

of the potential of the pharmacological 

and health benefits of the leaves. 

Ashwagandha leaves have been shown to 

have relatively highest antioxidant properties 

(7) . The antioxidant properties were determined 

in-vitro by scavenging DPPH radical, 

metal chelation, super oxide radical, and 



inhibition of lipid peroxidation (8) . In animal 

studies, ashwagandha leaves provide significant 

protection against lipid peroxidation 

levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase 

but did not reduce glutathione contents in 

brain tissue as well as peripheral organs, 

liver and kidney, demonstrating their ability 

to act as free radical scavengers protecting 

cells against toxins. (9) 

Ashwagandha leaf extracts have been 

shown to be neuroprotective against stress, 

also as a result of their antioxidant properties. 

Ashwagandha leaf has been shown 

to improve the effects of acute sleep loss 

on learning and memory impairment 

by reducing cellular stress (10) . Cellular 

stress is caused by synaptic plasticity in 

hippocampus region of the brain. Ashwagandha 

leaves restore the levels of BDNF 

(brain derived neurotrophic factor) and 

its receptor TrkB (Tropomyosin receptor 

kinase B) as well as the expression of 

other synaptic regulators which are highly 

implicated in synaptic plasticity. Further, 

the leaves trigger the activation of PI3/ 

AKT(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase protein 

kinase B) pathway of cell survival and plasticity 

by enhancing the levels of phosphorylated 

Akt-1 (11) . The effects of ashwagandha 

leaf extracts have been reported to be multidimensional 

ranging from differentiation of 

neuroblastoma and glioma cells, reversal 

of Alzheimer and Parkinson’s pathologies, 

to protection against environmental neurotoxins, 

and enhancement of memory (12) . 

Memory is tightly associated with brain 

plasticity-related events at different levels 

and involves changes in the expression of 

molecules, intracellular signaling cascades, 

synaptic strength, and neural networks; 

ashwagandha leaf extract serves as a 

potential preventive and therapeutic agent 

for neurodegenerative disorders (13) . 

The cardioprotective properties of ashwagandha 

leaf have been attributed to lowering 

the levels of cTnl (cardiac troponin I), lipid 

profiles, cardiovascular marker enzymes 

(CK-MB (creatine kinase-MB) and LDL), 

lipid peroxidation and increased activity of 

superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, 

and glutathione reductase (14) . 


33


Safety 

The safety of leaves and use in foods has been established through 

proprietary self-affirmed GRAS assessments (Shoden ® ) and their 

associated published and non-published toxicity studies. Therefore 

safety is established for combination of both root and leaves as plant 

parts. All the human clinical studies conducted with leaf and root 

with safety information had no major adverse events reported. Animal 

subchronic toxicity studies have been conducted with root and leaf 

extracts which have determined the no observed adverse event level 

of 1000 mg/kg body weight daily which corresponds to > 12 g/day for 

a 75k g adult person (I) . 

Sustainability 

Ashwagandha leaves have been shown to possess anticancer properties 

in a variety of human cancer cells. They showed strong antiproliferative 

activity against MCF-7, HCT116 and HepH2 cell lines (15) . 

Ashwagandha leaf extracts caused selective killing of cancer cells by 

induction of ROS (reactive oxygen species)-signaling hence demonstrating 

their role in ROS-mediated cancer chemotherapy (16) . Ashwagandha 

leaf extract is cytotoxic to cancer cells and selectively causes 

tumor suppression by activating tumor suppressor proteins p53 and 

pRB. Normal cells showed increases in pRB phosphorylation and 

cyclin B1 and decreases in cyclin D1. Studies have also shown that 

leaf extract can regulate metastasis by down-regulating MMP-3 and 

MMP-9 (17) . 

Human studies 

Photo © : Adobe Stock/dneprstock 

Essentially all the research studies conducted on preparations 

made from leaves alone have been in vitro or in animals. In terms 

of human clinical studies, all published studies with leaves have 

been conducted in combination with roots mostly using proprietary 

ashwagandha root and leaf extracts eg(Shoden ® ) Human clini cal 

studies have demonstrated health benefits in relieving stress by 

reducing cortisol levels (18) , increasing DHEA- levels (19) , improving 

sleep quality (20) , increasing testosterone levels in males (21) , improving 

memory and cognitive health (21-23) , improving cardiovascular function 

(24-25) , anti-inflammatory properties, (26) and immune modulatory 

responses. The study durations for these studies ranged from 1–6 

months with doses 60–1000 mg. In general, no significant side effects 

or adverse events have been reported. However, inasmuch as these 

studies were conducted on proprietary ashwagandha combined root 

and leaf extracts, it’s not possible to isolate the effects of leaves alone. 

The pace of new research on extracts from leaves has picked up and 

has garnered interest in the research community due to high phytochemical 

content and demonstrated and potential health benefits, 

especially for use in dietary supplements and functional foods. 

The ashwagandha plant typically contains about 10-15 % roots and 

50-60 % leaves by weight. This means that processing an extract 

derived only from roots involves sacrificing a significant portion of 

the plant. In large ashwagandha-growing regions in mid-to-north 

India this generally means that the leaves are burned after harvest. 

Unlike other medicinal plants, such as turmeric, the ashwagandha 

plant is usually not composted. This is because the turmeric plant 

is “fleshier” and more easily composted, while the ashwagandha 

plant stems and branches are more rigid, and if composted would 

result in compost containing large amounts of twigs. So, the ashwagandha 

plant remnants are burned after harvest. The smoke from 

these burns contributes to the smog in big cities such as New Delhi. 

This is a major sustainability issues from three perspectives – using 

only 1/4 to 1/5 of the plant for roots only, the withanolide content of 

the leaves are higher than in the roots, and the smog created during 

burning of the leaves. Use of the leaves in modern extracts significantly 

increases plant utilization and sustainability and its use along 

with roots signifies the whole plant concept. 

Final thoughts 

Given the higher phytochemical content, demonstrated and potential 

health benefits and enhanced sustainability of the ashwagandha 

leaves, it seems desirable and prudent to continue to expand the 

research and use of leaves in dietary supplements, foods, and functional 

beverages. We anticipate that the functional applications of 

ashwagandha will be further enhanced in the future with expanded 

benefits from modern extractions of leaves, or from combinations of 

leaves and roots. 

References 

A: Monograph, Alternative Medicine Review, Volume 9, Number 2/2004 https://altmedrev. 

com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/v9-2-211.pdf 

B: https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/farm_enterprises/Farm%20enterprises_%20Ashwagantha. 

html 

C: https://www.ugc-inno-nehu.com/bic_nmrs2011/OPSidhu/Phytochemistry_71_2010_10 

85_1094.pdf 

D: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.231316v1.full.pdf 

E: http://www.researchtrends.net/tia/article_pdf.asp?in=0&vn=12&tid=24&aid=5710 



F: Gupta et al 2013a 

G: Wadhwa 

H: https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/herbalgram/issues/99/table-of-contents/hg99- 

herbprofile-ashwagandha/ 

I: Acute And Sub Chronic Toxicity Studies Of Purified Withania Somnifera Extract In Rats, 

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 10, Issue 12, 2018. 

1: Saleem, S. et al, Withania Somnifera L.: Insights into the phytochemical profile, therapeutic 

potential, clinical trials and future potential, Iran J Basic Medical Sciences, 23(12), 

1501-1526, 2020 

2: Dravyaguna Vijnana (Gyanendra Pandey), Volume-1, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Krishanadas 

Academy; Page 246-248 

3: Indian medicinal plants: A compendium of 500 species, Kottakkal, India: Arya Vaidyasala 

1994, Volume. 5, Page 409-411 

4: Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol. III. (Kirtikar and Basu), Indian Medicinal Plants, 1993, 

Volume. III, Page 1775-1776 

5: High catechin concentrations detected in withania somnifera (ashwagandha) by high 

performance liquid chromatography analysis (BCM Comp & Alt Med 2011) 

6: Effect of Allium sativum on lipid peroxidation in experimental myocardial infarction in 

rats (J. Ethnopharmacology 2004) 

7: Free radical scavenging activity of different parts of withania somnifera (Ancient 

Science of Life 2007) 

8: Anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Ashwagandha Leaves (Journal of 

Global Biosciences, 2015) 

9: Glioprotective effects of ashwagandha leaf extract against lead induced toxicity (Biomed 

Research Int 2014) 

10: Aqueous leaf extract of withania somnifera as potential neuroprotective agent in sleepdeprived 

rats: a mechanistic study (Mol Neurobiol 2017) 

11: Withania somnifera leaf alleviates cognitive dysfunctions by enhancing hippocampal 

plasticity in high fat diet induced obesity model (Alternative Medicine 2017) 

12: Nootropics potential of ashwagandha leaves (Neurochemistry Int 2016) 

13: Protective role of ashwagandha leaf extract and its component Withanone on scopolamine-induced 

changes in the brain and brain-derived cells (Plos One 2011) 

14: Amelioration of isoproterenol-induced oxidative damage in rat myocardium by withania 

somnifera leaf extract (BioMed Research Intl) 

15: Antiproliferative activity of the methanolic extract of withania somnifera leaves against 

several human cancer cell lines (Asian Pacific J of Cancer prevention 2016) 

16: Selective killing of cancer cells by ashwagandha leaf extract and its component Withanone 

involves ROS signaling (Plos One 2010) 

17: Water extract of ashwagandha leaves has anticancer activity: Identification of an 

active component and its mechanism of action (Plos One 2013) 

18: A standardized withania somnifera extract significantly reduces stress-related parameters 

in chronically stressed humans: Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study 

(JANA 2008) 

19: A Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study examining the 

hormonal and vitality effects of ashwagandha in aging, overweight males (American J. of 

Men’s Health 2019) 

20: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study to evaluate the effects of ashwagandha 

extract on sleep quality in healthy adults (Sleep Medicine 2020) 

21: Randomized placebo-controlled adjunctive study of an extract of withania somnifera 

for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder (J of Clinical Psychiatry 2013) 

22: Effect of standardized aqueous extract of withania somnifera on tests of cognitive and 

psychomotor performance in healthy human participants (Pharmacognosy Res 2014) 

23: Adjunctive use of a standardized extract of withania somnifera to treat symptom exacerbation 

in schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study (J Clini cal 

Psychiatry 2018) 

24: Evaluation of effect of highly standardized aqueous extract of roots and leaves of withania 

somnifera on cold pressor test induced cardiovascular changes in healthy human 

subjects (Int J of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 2016) 

25: Evaluation of highly standardized withania somnifera extract on endothelial dysfunction 

and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized 

double blind, placebo controlled study (Int J Ayur Pharma Res 2014) 

26: A randomized, double blind placebo controlled study of efficacy and tolerability of withania 

somnifera extract in knee joint pain (J of Ayur and Integrative Medicine 2016) 

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of the recent literature. J Innov Pharm Biol Sci. 2017;4(4):55-64. 

b: Husain N, Trak TH, Panday B. Ethnomedicinal significance of two important shrubs, viz 

Withania somnifera (L.) and Datura metal (L.) (Family solanaceae) of Chhattisgarh, India. 

Indian J Sci Res. 2018;9(1):37-9. 

c.:Yadav SS, Bhandoria MS. Ethnobotanical exploration in Mahendergarh district of Haryana 

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d: Kaur Ravinder VBD. Ethnobotanical studies on Karnal District, Haryana, India. Int Res J 

Biol Sci. 2014;3(8), 46-55. 

e: Kumar N, Jakhar AK, Choyal R. Traditional uses of some medicinal plants of Hamirpur 

district of Himachal Pradesh for the treatment of diabetes. Int J Adv Res. 2014;2:131-9. 

f: Suresh K. Ethnobotanical uses of some medicinal plants of district Mandi, Himachal 

Pradesh (India). J Biol Chem Chron. 2015;2(1):34-7. 

g: Bhatia H, Sharma YP, Manhas RK, Kumar K. Ethnomedicinal plants used by the villagers 

of district Udhampur, J&K, India. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Feb 3;151(2):1005-18. doi: 

10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.017. PMID 24365639. 

h: Ghatapanadi SR, Johnson N, Rajasab AH. Documentation of folk knowledge on medicinal 

plants of Gulbarga district, Karnataka. Indian J Nat Prod Resour. 2011;10(2):349-53. 

i: Laddimath A, Rao S. Ethno-medicinal plants used to treat some psychological (mental) 

disorders by traditional practitioners of Vijayapur (Bijapur) district of Karnataka, India J. 

Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2016;3(1):1-7. 

j: Shivakumar HM, Parashurama TR. Phyto-ethno-medicinal knowledge of folklore people 

in Kappathgudda Region of Gadaga District, Karnataka, South India. Int J Sci Technol. 

2014;3:3080-91. 

k: Ahirwar RK. Ethnomedicinal investigations among the Baiga tribes, district Anuppur, 

Madhya Pradesh, India, Nelumbo. 2017;59(2):181-6. 

l: Shaikh RU, Dukare DD, Sarwade KP, Sarwade PP. Ethnobotanical study of folk medicinal 

plants used by villagers in Nanded district of Maharashtra (India), Int J. Ayur Herb. Med. 

2014;4:1585-95. 

m: Mallick SN, Ram JP, Parida N. Study of ethnomedicinal values of some shrub in Rourkela 

steel city and its surroundings, Sundergarh, Odisha. Int J Appl Biol Pharm Tech. 

2014;5:123-30. 

n: Alagesaboopathi C. Ethnomedicinal plants and their utilization by villagers in Kumaragiri 

hills of Salem district of TamilNadu, India. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 

2009;6(3):222-7. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam.v6i3.57157, PMID 20448846. 

o: Vaidyanathan D, Sisubalan N. Ghouse Basha M.survey of ethnomedicinal plants and folklore 

studies on Malayali tribals of Vellakadai village A part of Shervaroy range in Eastern 

Ghats, Tamil Nadu. Int J Recent Sci Res. 2014;5(7):1368-80. 

p: Aadhan K, Anand SP. Survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes by 

the Paliyar’s Tribe in Sadhuragiri hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Herb Med. 2017;5(3):17-25. 

q: Tariq NPM, Ifham S. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Yelagiri Hills of Tamil 

Nadu. Res J Pharm Technol. 2013;6(6):652-4. 

r: Sundaram SS, Suresh K. Potential of medicinal plants for curing human ailments in 

Natham, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu, India Pharma. Innov J. 2019;8(4):512-4. 

s: Kumar S, Singh BS, Singh RB. Ethnomedicinal plants uses to cure different human 

diseases by rural and tribal peoples of Hathras district of Uttar Pradesh. J Pharm Phytochem. 

2017;6(2):346-8. 

t: Singh A, Singh P, Singh G, Pandey AK. Plant used in primary health practices in Vindhya 

region of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Int J Herb Med. 2014;2(2):31-7. 

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Uttaranchal. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2006;5(3):331-5 


Arjuna Natural Pvt. Ltd. 

Kerala, India 

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Photo © : Import Promotion Desk 

Spices with added benefits 

Ginger and turmeric: healthy and tasty roots 

Ginger and turmeric are highly valued as spices. They are 

used in many dishes thanks to their distinctive spicy aroma. 

Moreover, their health benefits are widely recognized. The 

demand for fresh ginger and turmeric has therefore risen 

sharply in recent years. In addition, the dried roots as well as 

extracts, pastes and essential oils of ginger and turmeric are 

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Roots rich in flavour and colour 

Ginger and turmeric are related, they both belong to the ginger family. 

They form a rootstock, the so-called rhizome, from which the actual 

plants sprout. Usually only the root of the plant is used. The origin of 

ginger and turmeric plants cannot be clearly determined. However, 

it can be assumed that they were first used as spices and remedies 

in Asia. Today, they are cultivated in tropical regions, especially in 

Southeast and South Asian, as well as in South American countries. 

In both, the proportion of essential oil determines 

their aroma. Yet turmeric and ginger 

differ in taste. While ginger is known for its 

spicy-pungent flavour, turmeric has a milder 

spicy taste. However, it can take on bitter 

notes when used in higher dosage. Turmeric 

is also known for its colour and for being a 

colouring agent. For example, turmeric is 

a component of curry powder giving it its 

typical yellow colour. It can also be used as 

an inexpensive alternative to saffron.In addition, 

both tubers are said to have healthpromoting 

effects and are therefore used as 

natural remedies. They are traditionally used 

in Ayurvedic as well as in Chinese medicine. 

Ginger – healthy pungent substances 

The ginger root contains essential oils with 

ingredients such as gingerol, which is primarily 

responsible for ginger’s pungency. Other 

ingredients are vitamin C, iron, magnesium, 



calcium, potassium, phosphorus and sodium. In traditional medicine, 

ginger is mainly used to treat nausea and gastrointestinal problems 

such as flatulence, diarrhoea or loss of appetite. It is supposed to have 

antibacterial as well as antioxidant effects. 

Furthermore, the pungent substances in ginger are known to have an 

anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, ginger recipes are widely used to 

prevent or relieve a cold. When used externally, for example in ginger 

compresses and ginger gel, the anti-inflammatory effect of the root is 

also supposed to help relieve pain. 

Curcumin – yellow colour and healing effect 

Curcumin is the main ingredient in turmeric, in addition to essential 

oils, resins, proteins and sugars. It is responsible for the bright colour 

and can only be found in the turmeric root. Traditionally, turmeric 

is used as a digestive aid. The ingredients are supposed to stimulate 

the liver to increase the flow of bile. The bile and stomach acids 

make food fats easier to digest. This can help relieve symptoms such 

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Studies also suggest that curcumin has an anti-inflammatory effect. 

Therefore, there is a large number of scientific studies investigating 

the effect of curcumin on various diseases. Turmeric as well 

strengthens the immune system and supports the prevention and 

therapy of colds due to its antiviral and antibacterial effects. However, 

curcumin is not water-soluble and is rapidly decomposed by the 

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Ginger tea, turmeric latte and more 

Turmeric and ginger have found their way into European kitchens 

and are used in many ways, not only in curry dishes. They can be 

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Especially in winter, ginger is a popular addition to tea and drinks. 

In recent years, the ginger shot has been established as a way to 

strengthen the immune system. In the new trend drink Turmeric 

Latte – also called Golden Milk – turmeric is used as flavouring agent. 

Not only is it supposed to wake you up, but it's also said to help 

protect you in cold temperatures. The mixture of milk, turmeric, 

ginger, black pepper, nutmeg, cinnamon, cardamom and coconut oil 

- and, depending on taste, with sugar and other spices – has a sweet 

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Photo © : Singabera Indonesia 

for the excellence of the natural extracts, pastes and essential oils. 

The companies supported by the IPD in entering the EU market pay 

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in order to be able to produce high-quality extracts. The ginger and 

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The companies in the IPD programme work with a large number 

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Roots full of character – 

high content of active ingredients 

Turmeric and ginger are part of the traditional cuisine and medicine 

in Sri Lanka and Indonesia. Both spices are also produced 

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37


Photo © : Adobe Stock/Saksit 

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perfectly legitimate concerns which can affect different people in 

different ways, with significant impacts on their sense of well-being. 

Committed to improving women’s well-being, Robertet has developed 

a range of ingredients with clearly proven reliability and scientific efficacy. 

Because helping women to regain their self-confidence is the 

first step on the road to self-acceptance. 

Cellulite is a natural phenomenon that affects almost everyone, but it 

is a major concern for many women. For them, Robertet has developed 

Dimpless ® , a 100 % natural ingredient derived from cantaloupe 

melons. Naturally rich in SOD, a powerful antioxidant, Dimpless ® has 

a dynamizing effect on the metabolism of fatty tissue. 

By activating lipolysis while minimizing fatty cell hypertrophy and 

fibrosis of the extra-cellular matrix, Dimpless ® visibly reduces the 

appearance of cellulite after just one month. 

Skin ageing is a natural physiological process 

which is accelerated by exposure to UV rays 

(responsible for 80 % of visible change). 

Holimel ® is a unique, effective solution developed 

by Robertet to provide everyday protection 

against external aggressions and premature 

skin ageing. Capable of booster the 

skin’s natural antioxidant defenses, Holimel ® 

rapidly boosts UV resistance and significantly 

reduces the effects of UV rays on skin 

health and appearance. 

Over time, skin can become thinner, drier 

and less firm. Lipowheat TM is an active ingredient 

rich in phytoceramides and essential 

lipids, which restores the skin’s natural 

barrier function and stimulates collagen 

synthesis. Clinical studies of 215 women 

have yielded impressive results, making 

their skin smoother and more radiant while 

reducing the visible appearance of wrinkles 

and lines. 

References 

1 

Femtech analytics 

2 

Pitchbook. Pourtout 

Women may suffer from hair loss throughout their lives. Hair loss may 

be caused by any number of factors (stress, lifestyle, food, environment, 

hormonal changes etc.), and can be a real source of concern. 

Keranat is a patented ingredient, formulated using extracts from 

a plant whose hair care benefits have been known for centuries: 

millet, a natural source of a very rare molecule called miliacin. In 

a recent clinical study involving 60 women, some participants were 


Laure Egoumenides, 

Health Product Manager 

Robertet Health & Beauty, France 

www.robertet.com 


Bone health 

NUWEN presents its study on the impact 

of OSELAN, a seawater concentrate 

on bone health 

Oselan (meaning of Optimal Sea Elements 

and Nutrients), an ingredient made from 

concentrated seawater, has healthy properties 

on bone health. NUWEN presents 

the results of its in vitro study which 

demonstrates the value of Oselan for use 

in formulas targeting bone health, from 

bone growth to osteoporosis alleviation. 

The Oselan seawater concentrate is obtained 

through a unique production process, giving 

it both a high content of valuable sea minerals 

and a lower concentration of sodium chloride 

(NaCl). This unique production process 

is based on 2 successive stages of concentration 

by evaporation : natural water evaporation 

during salt marshes process and spray 

drying of the brine. 

This active powder made in France, is 

derived from a co-product of salt harvesting: 

it is a Clean Label ingredient derived from a 

renewable resource that contains at least 22 

minerals and trace elements. 

“Oselan is a hybrid ingredient that has been 

studied for several years in NUWEN and 

which reveals many health properties. Our knowledge of marine 

ingredients, the equipment of our R&D laboratory and the collaborations 

that we set up allow us to develop active ingredients that have a 

real interest in the nutraceutical market”, says Sarah Kuylle, Head of 

Health Nutrition R&D at NUWEN. 

NUWEN conducted an in vitro study on osteoblasts to assess the 

impact of supplementation with OSELAN on bone health, from bone 

growth to alleviation of osteoporosis. The results show that OSELAN 

at least doubled the rate of mineralization compared to the control 

condition. 

The NUWEN team will present all the information about Oselan and 

its in vitro study on its stand K144 at Vitafoods 2023. 


www.nuwen.com 


41


Photo © : Shutterstock/Monkey Business Images 

Laïta Nutrition are putting their 

expertise to good use: soothing some of 

the most common ailments in babies! 

New-born babies have very specific nutritional requirements, 

in order to help them grow and develop. Parents are increasingly 

demanding when it comes to the quality and food safety 

credentials of the products they give to their children. They 

are looking for real solutions capable of soothing the most 

common ailments suffered by babies, such as reflux and 

colic. Studies show that between 20 % and 25 % of babies 

suffer from colic in their first four months, with 66 % experiencing 

problems with regurgitation. Acutely aware of the 

impact these conditions can have on babies and their families, 

the experts at Laïta Nutrition draw upon their proven 

expertise in formulation to devise technical solutions for 

colic and reflux. 

Laïta Nutrition offers bespoke solutions for soothing colic 

Drawing on its expertise in complex formulations, Laïta Nutrition has 

a range of special recipes designed to help reduce colic in infants. 

Chief among these solutions is Laïta’s AC milk, available in a range of 

formulation options. 

– The formula may include Omega 3 oils. 

– FOS and GOS for their prebiotic properties 

– Omega 3 oils, not always found in baby 

formula. 

– A low-lactose formula, which helps limit 

fermentation and gas production in the 

intestine, another common symptom 

of colic. 

Laïta Nutrition also offers an IC baby formula 

(Intestinal Transit), an FSMP specially 

designed for babies suffering from colic and 

constipation. This formula can be adapted 

with hydrolysates. 

Laïta Nutrition draws on its 

expertise to help treat regurgitation 

in young babies 

Laïta Nutrition’s breadth of expertise is also 

reflected in the company’s anti-reflux solu- 



tions. Laïta’s AR powdered milk (FSMP) is 

designed for infants displaying symptoms of 

gastro-oesophageal reflux or regurgitation. 

This product: 

– Uses carob as a thickening agent, and can 

be combined with starch to delay the onset 

of hunger between feeds. 

– Can be customised as required, with the 

addition of probiotics, FOS and GOS. 

The specific properties of AR milk have 

earned the approval and recommendation 

of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, 

Hepatology and Nutrition. Those 

properties include: 

– a casein-to-serum protein ratio of 40/60. 

This ratio is close to that of breast milk and 

promotes flocculation in the stomach. 

– Whey protein, which can also be partially 

hydrolysed to aid digestion. 

– Optimal carbohydrate content, and in 

particular maltodextrins for gastric 

emptying. 

Laïta Nutrition can also help industrial partners 

to create specialised products such 

as milk formulas thickened with starch 

(Comfort). Laïta has the flexibility and knowhow 

to tailor formulations to clients’ precise 

requirements, incorporating: 

– DHA 

– EPA 

– ARA 

– Vitamins A, C and D, plus Iron 

– FOS/GOS to help reduce reflux and ensure 

maximum digestive comfort. 

– Reduced-lactose formulations are available, 

with the option to include partially 

hydrolysed whey protein. 

All in all, Laïta Nutrition offers a wide range of products designed 

to help reduce regurgitation and colic and improve the digestive 

comfort of infants. The many customisation options on offer ensure 

that clients can choose the right forms, textures and compositions to 

suit their exact requirements. 

Laïta Nutrition’s unique expertise ensures a bespoke service, an 

invaluable asset when developing products to tackle common infant 

ailments 

1. Complex nutritional formulations 

Two of Laïta’s great strengths are the company’s bespoke development 

methodology and expanded R&D team. Laïta Nutrition is thus 

able to offer advice and management services, overseeing the development 

of infant nutrition products with special medical properties, 

and targeting specific issues such as common infant ailments. This 

expertise extends to both powder and liquid formulations. 

2. Advanced technological expertise 

The company’s formidable technological expertise is founded upon a 

diverse array of industrial technologies and innovative systems. Laïta’s 

technicians are experts in the creation of product prototypes. The 

firm’s high-tech production facilities guarantee optimal quality as well 

as total compliance with international food safety standards. Laïta’s 

mastery of highly specific processes guarantees the trace ability and 

food safety of all products: Laïta Nutrition factories are FSSC 22000 

and ISO 9001 certified! 

3. Laïta Nutrition is the perfect partner for developing products to 

sooth common infant ailments 

Laïta Nutrition offers integrated expertise, compatible with the highly 

technical requirements of the infant nutrition market and FSMP 

development. This combination of adaptability and expertise is a 

winning formula when it comes to co-developing complex products. 


www.Laïta-nutrition.com and 

www.Laïta.com. 

Photo © : Adobe Stock/Lumos sp 


43

Vitfoods Europe 2023 – Preview 

Event preview: experience the world's 

nutraceutical event at Vitafoods Europe 2023 

Last May, 15,000 nutraceutical experts from over 130 countries 

came together both virtually and in person for Vitafoods 

Europe 2022. This year, the much-loved nutraceutical event 

returns once again to the Palexpo in Geneva (9-11 May) and 

online (1-12 May), providing an opportunity for people from 

around the world to network, connect, and share insights 

that will drive the industry forward. For 2023, the event has 

several brand-new features, alongside returning fan favourites 

designed to help businesses grow! Visitors will be able 

to explore the new Sustainability Resource Centre for expert 

presentations and innovations from those dedicated to driving 

sustainable change in the nutrition industry, get inspiration 

from the Startup Innovation Challenge, and secure exclusive 

insights from Vitafoods Europe’s two new premium content 

offers, the Future of Nutrition Summit (8 May) and the Vitafoods 

Europe Conference (9-10 May). 

The event will also offer a lively agenda of free-to-attend insight-led 

content, available to visitors both online and in Geneva. Industry 

professionals from across the globe can connect with like-minded 

professionals in person and through Vitafoods Europe’s data-driven 

matchmaking tool and a range of networking 

opportunities. Whether visitors are looking 

for inspiration, to source innovative ingredients, 

or forge long-term collaborations with 

suppliers, they can experience it all at Vitafoods 

Europe 2023. 

The Vitafoods Europe 2023 agenda will 

explore everything from market trends, 

sustainability, women in nutraceuticals, and 

more. Highlights of this year’s event include: 

Forward-facing discussions at the Future 

of Nutrition Summit 

Following its huge success at previous Food 

Ingredients Europe events, visitors can join 

this exclusive, paid-for, one-day summit to 

keep their businesses ahead of the curve! 

Join a diverse range of C-suite industry 

leaders and futurist thinkers for a series of 

exclusive talks on the trends and technol- 


Vitafoods Europe 2023 – Preview 

ogies that will shape the nutrition industry 

in 5+ years’ time. Expect insights on topics 

ranging from precision nutrition and the digitalisation 

of health management to sustainable 

supply chain solutions – and everything 

in between! 8 May, Marriott Hotel, Geneva. 

Discover the hottest nutrition trends at 

the Vitafoods Europe Conference 

This premium, two-day conference returns 

in a new format! Focused on sports and 

active nutrition; cognitive and emotional 

health; metabolic and immune health; life 

stages and healthy ageing, the Vitafoods 

Europe Conference covers the most up-todate 

trends and innovations in nutraceuticals. 

Now located in a purpose-built theatre 

on the Vitafoods Europe show floor, visitors 

can easily combine attending the conference 

alongside their regular show floor and 

expo experience. 9-10 May 

Unrivalled insights at the Vitafoods Insights 

Theatre 

Back for 2023, the Vitafoods Insights Theatre 

is a firm visitor favourite, offering free-toattend 

expert sessions. This year, visitors will 

get a taste of the developments shaping our 

ever-changing industry, from current global 

consumer trends, updates on regulatory 

and supply chain issues, as well as delivery 

formats and packaging. 

Experience true innovation at the Startup 

Innovation Challenge 

A chance to discover cutting-edge innovations 

and connect with the most exciting 

health and nutraceutical startups as companies 

pitch their ideas live to a host of key nutraceutical industry 

players. Together with the popular Startup Pavilion, this challenge 

provides a unique opportunity for companies to find innovative ingredients, 

technologies, services, and finished products to help their 

businesses grow. 

Transforming the industry with the Sustainability Resource Centre 

Discover insights and learnings on how to build a sustainable brand 

at the Sustainability Resource Centre, a brand-new zone dedicated 

to helping drive sustainable change in the nutrition industry. Visitors 

can expect expert led presentations and content on supply chain 

traceability, regulatory compliance, certifications, carbon offsetting, 

alignment with the UN Sustainable Development Goals and gender 

and LGBTQ+ inclusivity. 

Discover, connect and be inspired with new products 

and innovations 

Popular free-to-attend features on the Vitafoods Europe show floor 

also return for 2023, to help inspire innovation and collaboration for 

business growth. For example, professionals searching for inspiration 

for new product development can head down to the New Ingredients 

Zone to discover the latest inventions and market successes 

in ingredients and raw materials, as well as new inventions in core 

health categories such as sleep and stress management, pain relief, 

weight loss, healthy ageing, cognitive performance, and diabetes. For 

information and inspiration on the latest finished products, the New 

Products Zone is the place to be. Or for visitors wanting to experience 

the next big nutraceutical development for themselves, the popular 

Tasting Centre offers the chance to sample the most recent, retailready 

supplements, foods and beverages. 

Experience it for yourself 

As the pace of industry change continues to accelerate, standing 

still isn’t an option for nutraceutical companies that not only want to 

succeed, but shape the future of global health and wellbeing. With 

the very best in industry innovations, ideas and insights available, this 

years’ Vitafoods Europe has something for everyone. 

Registration for Vitafoods Europe 2023 is now open. Discover more 

about the show features and registration options at the website. 


www.vitafoods.eu.com/ 


45


GELITA translates collagen science into 

market opportunities 

GELITA, the official collagen sponsor of this year’s Vitafoods Europe, will 

show how its tailored gelatins and specific collagen peptides address 

three current trends and challenges in supplement and nutraceutical 

production. The collagen protein pioneer will reveal how its sciencebacked 

Bioactive Collagen Peptides (BCP ® ) can harness the healthy 

ageing opportunity, how CONFIXX ® next-generation gelatin can facilitate 

the development of on-trend fortified gummies and how GELITA 

EC ® enables one-step production of enteric capsules. Theatre presentations 

from subject experts will provide a forum for visitors to dive 

deeper into these topics. 

Oliver Wolf, Marketing EMEIA at GELITA, says: “Consumer trends such 

as healthy ageing and beauty from within offer exciting market opportunities 

for the supplement and nutraceutical industries. However, 

solid science has to be the backbone of any product development 

in these areas - without it, products will not ‘stand up’. As a scienceled, 

market-driven company, we are passionate about helping our 

customers to bridge the gap between collagen research and market 

potential by meeting the needs of technologists and marketers. We 

know how to unlock the properties of collagen and gelatin to deliver 

products with tangible benefits and high consumer appeal.” 

trend. Rather than offering a ‘blanket’ solution, GELITA’s specific 

collagen peptides are optimised to target key areas of age-related 

health: FORTIBONE ® stimulates synthesis of the bone collagen 

matrix; FORTIGEL ® supports mobility by promoting regeneration 

of joint cartilage tissues, and TENDOFORTE ® keeps ligaments and 

tendons healthy and flexible. For beauty from within concepts, 

VERISOL ® stimulates the fibroplasts to produce more collagen in 

the skin. 

CONFIXX ® : facilitating fortified gummy innovation 

Fortified gummies are another trend that will provide a talking point 

at Vitafoods - the number of supplements launched in this format 

rocketed by 81 % globally between 2020 and 2021. GELITA’s latest 

breakthrough in this space is CONFIXX ® - a fast-setting gelatin that 

can be used in gentle, starch-free gummy production. This solution 

opens up new opportunities to formulate with sensitive active 

ingredients whilst safeguarding the chewy, jelly, gummy texture that 

consumers love. 

Healthy ageing: targeted collagen peptides for joints, 

bones, muscles and skin 

Ageing populations are driving demand for solutions that can help 

consumers to stay healthy for longer. Supported by almost 20 

published human studies, GELITA’s Bioactive Collagen Peptides 

(BCP ® ) can be a strong ally for manufacturers looking to tap into this 

GELITA EC ® : smarter soft gels 

GELITA will also show how GELITA EC ® can help supplement manufacturers 

optimise enteric fill release in soft capsules to improve 

product economics when working with probiotics and other sensitive 

fills. As well as enabling a cost effective single-step production 

process, GELITA EC ® gelatin negates the need to ‘overdose’ active 

ingredients to compensate for loss in the gastric passage - enteric soft 

gels manufactured with GELITA EC ® withstand the acidic milieu and 

enter the small intestine intact. 

Get your theatre seats 

Three presentations delivered by GELITA experts during Vitafoods will 

give delegates deeper insights into these topics: 

– 9 May, 11.30 am (Probiotics Theatre): 

Martin Junginger: Enteric capsules for new 

application opportunities 

– 9 May, 3.00 pm (New Ingredients 

Theatre): Dr Johanna Schmidgall/Natalie 

Leuwer: Fortified food - from initial demand 

to tailored solutions 



– 10 May, 2.00 pm (New Ingredients 

Theatre): Martin Walter: Bioactive Collagen 

Peptides fuelling the healthy ageing 

category 

GELITA 

www.GELITA.com 

GELITA at Vitafoods Europe, booth I110 

Lets celebrate nature’s power 

We will be present natural and effective plant-based ingredients 

(health and nutri-functional ingredients) for nutraceutical and nutrition 

markets. 

SULFODYNE ® - the only active and stabilised form 

of sulforaphane in the nutraceutical market 

SULFODYNE ® is titrated in 5 % of sulforaphane in its active and 

stable form. Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate naturally present in 

cruciferous species such as broccoli. It is a metabolite obtained by 

enzymatic hydrolysis of glucoraphanin by myrosinase. 

Numerous scientific publications demonstrate the benefits of the 

sulforaphane which is based on 3 mechanisms of action well known: 

– Antioxidant activity (Nrf2 expression activation) 

– Anti-inflammatory activity (NF-kB inhibition and Nrf2 activation) 

– Cellular protection 

SULFODYNE ® can play a part in different health benefits: 

Detox 

SUFODYNE ® can help to eliminate xenobiotics from the body thanks 

to its detoxifying properties: 

– Induction of the phase 2 enzymes involved in detoxification process 

– Reduction of intracellular ROS content 

– Enhances the removal of toxins 

– Reduces oxidative stressors 

– Increase cellular antioxydant defences 

Boddupalli et al.,2012; Houghton et al.,2015; Kubo et al.,2017 ; 

Munday et al., 2008 

Immunity 

SULFODYNE ® can also play a role in both innate and adaptative 

immunity and in particularly for ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori, 

flu virus, allergies and asthma : 

– Enhances natural killer (NK) cell activity 

– Stimulates the humoral immune response 

– Modifies T cell 

– Enhancement of the antibody production 

– Increase of the phagocytic activity of macrophages 

Thejass & Kuttan, 2007, Suganuma et al., 2011 : Müller et al., 2016: 

Thejass & Kuttan, 2007 

Joint health 

SULFODYNE ® can help to fight against 3 joint pains (osteoarthritis, 

rheumatoid arthritis, gout) by acting on joint inflammation and cartilage 

degradation 

– Reduction of inflammation 

– Reduction of cartilage and bone damage 

– Reduction of joint pains 

Moon et al., 2021 ; Rodrigues et al., 2018 ; Yang et al., 2018 

Women’s health 

Women’s health is very large and encompasses a number of symptoms, 

time of life or diseases that have long been ignored by medical 

research like endometriosis, pre-menstrual syndrome, the perinatal 

period, the menopause, etc. Some of these conditions are linked by 

an uncontrolled inflammation process and the role of sulforaphane in 

the reduction of inflammation, notably through the activation of Nrf2 

expression, is gaining interest in the management of some women 

health issues like endometriosis and perinatal period. 

SULFODYNE ® with 5 % of sulforaphane can help to fight against 

women health problems: 

– attenuation of endometriosis via the PI3K/Art signalling pathway 

– anti-inflammatory effect on sciatic endometriosis via suppression 

of COX2 and INOS and upregulation of Keap1 and Nrf2 

– Activation of Nrf2 expression with consequent decreased 

expression of cytokines and COX-2 known to be part of the 

pathophysiology of endometriosis. 

– osteoporosis = stimulation of osteoblast activity and decreased 

bone resorption by osteoclasts. 


47


– pre-eclampsia = decrease in placental and endothelial oxidative 

stress polycystic ovary syndrome: protection of human granulosa 

cells from oxidative stress. 

Zhou A et al. 2019; Liu et al,2020 

PEPTIPEA ® - Pea protein hydrolysate 

PEPTIPEA ® is a pea protein hydrolysate 100 % plant-based 

and designed for nutrition and food markets. At Ingood by Olga, 

sourcing is important, Peptipea ® is from European yellow pea guaranteed 

non-GMO. Made with passion and in respect of our ecosystems 

in our factory based in Brittany from enzymatic process, we 

want to bring a real vegan, natural and clean label alternative to 

your products. 

As a foaming agent, it is non-allergenic and plant-based, it allows 

the white egg and gelatin substitution. Moreover, PEPTIPEA ® is rich 

in plant-based peptides nutritionally interesting by their high digestibility 

and easily assimilated (92 % of peptides lower than 2K daltons). 

PEPTIPEA ® is suitable to plant-based nutritional formulations. 

PEPTIPEA ® provides BCAAs, it is suitable for specialised nutrition 

(sportive, senior or dietetics). It has a high solubility even at acid pH: 

easy incorporation in protein drinks without impacting the taste. 

It is available in kosher version. 

SOJYFIB ® - Soy fibres and proteins 

SOJYFIB ® is a unique natural «4 in 1» ingredient that contains fibres, 

proteins, fats and minerals. Produced using exclusive solvent-free 

processes, SOJYFIB ® is the clean-label alternative for your products. 

From an upcycling approach, SOJYFIB ® is made from soy okara 

(French and no GMO soy). 

Self-care has expanded beyond just pampering oneself. It also 

includes actively taking time to rest, recharge, disconnect from technology 

and reconnect to oneself. This can mean planning time for 

relaxing leisure activities (breathwork, meditation, reading), as well as 

making an effort to get enough sleep and rest. 

Magazine Elle India quotes alternative ways to feel your feelings (with 

art therapy or mindful hobbies), wellness retreats travels, circadiancycle 

eating among its 5 Wellness And Self Care Trends That Are 

Going To Be Big In 2023. 

Regaining inner peace and connection to oneself is a growing priority 

for Gen Zs and Millenials alike. 

Sleep as an ultimate form of self-care? 

Stress is part of our modern life: 90 % of the global population regards 

itself as being stressed, and 95 % of the global population recognizes 

that stress and anxiety have an impact on health. It is well known how 

stress can impact mental health with depression, anxiety and posttraumatic 

stress disorder (PTSD) but also very clear how it negatively 

impacts sleep. 

Sleep-deprivation is more common than one thinks: 62 % of adults 

around the world say they don't sleep as well as they’d like*. A 2022 

UK study by Direct Line Life Insurance company showed 71 percent 

of UK adults are not getting the recommended seven to nine hours of 

sleep each night** and may therefore drive dangerously. 

Optimizing one’s chances of good sleep is a growing trend with 

changing food intake patterns (lighter dinners for sounder sleep), 

digital detox, and a little help from natural sleep aid supplements. 

Emulsifier and texturing agent, it is: 

– Rich in plant fibres & proteins (chemical index higher than 100) 

– Source of unsaturated fats 

– 100 % veggie 

– With 45 % of insoluble fibres, it helps digestive transit 

SOJYFIB ® is suitable for specialised nutrition (sportive, senior or 

dietetics) such as proteins biscuits, bars without impacting the taste. 

It is organic and vegan certified. 

Ingood by Olga 

www.ingoodbyolga.com 

Ingood by Olga at Vitafoods Europe: Pavillon Business France, booth K142 

Lactium ® , a natural partner for your self-care routine 

Go slow, synchronize with your feelings, rest and recharge… 

The press is unanimous, mental well-being will still take central stage 

in 2023 self-care trends. 



Lactium ® : a natural ingredient to help manage stress 

and sleep disorders 

Lactium ® is a go-to solution for natural products lovers! With no addiction 

or side effects, this natural milk protein hydrolysate contains a 

bioactive peptide with relaxing properties called alpha-casozepine. 

Lactium ® acts as an anxiolytic with an affinity for the GABAA receptor, 

more specifically for its benzodiazepine site. 

9 clinical trials on more than 500 volunteers have already demonstrated 

Lactium ® efficacy on stress issues and sleep disturbances, 

with a recognition by the scientific community through several 

published articles. In 2021, a consumer satisfaction study on 338 

volunteers also showed an overall 78 % satisfaction, quite evenly split 

in 78 % for action on moderate stress and 77 % for action on sleep 

disturbances. 

Relaxing bubbles at our G100 booth 

If you want to surf on this self-care trend, and want to learn more 

about Lactium ® , join us on booth G100. No bubble bath here, but we 

hope to serve you our Lactium ® bubble tea, a peach flavoured green 

tea enriched with Lactium ® , combined with sweet mango bubbles! 

* Philips Global Sleep Survey, 2019 

**https://www.directlinegroup.co.uk/en/news/brand-news/2022/ 

sleeping-dangerously-7-5-millionbrits-have-under-five-hours-a.html 

Ingredia 

www.ingredia.com, www.lactium.com 

Ingredia at Vitafoods Europe, booth G100 

Rousselot spotlights collagen solutions for holistic 

well-being benefits and advanced gelatins for 

innovative delivery forms at Vitafoods 2023 

Darling Ingredients’ Health Brand Rousselot ® , the global leader in 

collagen peptides and gelatin solutions, invites Vitafoods 2023 

attendees to discover the ‘game-changing’ benefits and trending 

applications of its full range of collagen and gelatin solutions. 

Collagen peptides for a world of health benefits 

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle remains a priority for consumers worldwide 

and the use of supplements for enhancing health and wellness 

is becoming an increasingly popular solution to achieve this goal. 

As a more holistic view of health and well-being gains momentum 

, brands are placing a greater emphasis than ever before on adding 

ingredients with multiple benefits into their products. 

Among the key solutions Rousselot will spotlight at stand I114, collagen 

peptides brand PEPTAN ® is the ingredient to watch to tap into this 

trend. From helping shoppers stay active and mobile at every stage of 

life, to boosting beauty from within, or improving sports recovery, this 

premium ingredient combines multiple science-backed benefits with 

versatile formulation properties. To further explore how the adaptability 

of collagen peptides can enhance manufacturers’ value proposition, 

Florencia Moreno Torres, Rousselot’s Health & Nutrition Global 

Business Development Manager, will host an expert session entitled 

“Tapping into holistic well-being with collagen peptides”. The presentation 

will take place at the New Ingredients Theatre, E70 at 2:00pm 

on May 9, 2023. 

COLARTIX ® , a unique hydrolyzed cartilage matrix for joint health, 

made of naturally occurring collagen peptides and glycosaminoglycans 

(GAGs) will also be a key highlight at the event. In a recently 

published consumer study, performed in a real-life setting, Colartix 

was shown to decrease joint discomfort across gender, age and sport 

intensity. 

Attendees will experience the endless versatility of these ingredients 

first-hand thanks to a range of samples from Rousselot’s application 

center. These include a peach-flavored “Beyond Beauty” 

drink featuring Peptan and probiotics, as well as mobility gummies 

featuring Colartix. 

Expertise equals innovative delivery forms 

In addition to the collagen products on display, Rousselot will showcase 

its world-class gelatin solutions; Stabicaps, specifically 

designed to achieve more stable softgels and SiMoGel, a unique 

gelatin technology solution which enables the production of nutraceutical 

gummies in a starch-free environment. Rousselot’s formulation 

experts will be available to discuss with supplement, capsule, 

and confectionery manufacturers how these solutions unlock the 

innovative delivery forms needed to meet the ‘pillars’ of consumer 

experience: good taste, convenience, new shapes and naturalness. 

Visitors will be inspired by Rousselot’s samples like 3D gummies, 

peppermint flavored sugar-free gummies, and “gummy caps” – or 

center-filled gummies – made possible by SiMoGel. 


49


1 

Collagen, Market estimates and trend analysis, 2022 Grand View 

Research. 

2 

Dietary Supplements Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report 

2022-2030, Grand view research 

3 

Top 10 Global Consumer Trends 2022, Euromonitor - https:// 

go.euromonitor.com/white-paper-EC-2022-Top-10-Global- 

Consumer-Trends.html 

Rousselot 

www.rousselot.com 

Rousselot at Vitafoods booth I114 

Supporting both human health and that of the planet 

AstaReal continues its mission to be a planet-friendly and sustainable 

business by launching Astaxin ® VEGAN. The new product containing 

natural algal astaxanthin aims to promote good health while alleviating 

environmental concerns. 

With its scientifically proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory 

pro perties, natural microalgae-derived AstaReal ® astaxanthin is well 

positioned to satisfy current consumer demands: supporting health 

via effective and sustainable solutions. Demand for vegetarian- and 

vegan-compliant supplements is increasing globally. To complement 

daily diets and maintain well-being, many people seek plant-based 

supplements that promote both physical and mental health. Meanwhile, 

consumers are increasingly concerned about the origins of 

their purchases and their impact on climate and ecosystems. At Vitafoods 

Europe, AstaReal will exhibit its extended product range, and 

demonstrate how supplement manufacturers can better address the 

current consumer concerns. 

An innovative finished formulation will also be launched at the show. 

Astaxin ® VEGAN, an antioxidant formula that taps into the plantbased 

market, with the content mirroring Astaxin ® Original – including 

vitamin C and natural vitamin E – but in a vegan softgel made of 

carrageenan and modified starch. Astaxin ® VEGAN will be available 

in bulk from June and as a retail product from October 2023. 

In addition, expo visitors can try samples of the next-generation vegan 

starch-based astaxanthin gummies that are sugar-free. Moreover, 

they will get to know about AstaReal’s bulk products that are registered 

with the Vegan Society and that are applicable in various supplement 

dosage forms, including but not limited to, hard capsules, softgels, 

sachet/stick powder mixes and gels, gummies, and liquid shots. 

Astaxanthin is a natural carotenoid found in high concentrations in 

the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis. It has a unique molecular 

structure which helps to suppress the damage from free radicals both 

in- and outside the cell membranes, while demonstrating exceptionally 

high antioxidant power and no pro-oxidant activities. In the astaxanthin 

market, the most researched brand is AstaReal ® with more 

than 70 clinical trials showing astaxanthin’s potential to boost muscle 

endurance and recovery, counteract fatigue, reduce inflammation, 

improve skin texture, enhance immunity, vision and cognitive functions, 

and alleviate infertility. 

AstaReal 

www.astareal.se 

AstaReal at Vitafoods Europe, booth H100 

Impressum 

ISSN 2364-8104 

Wellness Foods & Supplements | No. 1 /2023 

Publishing Company 

Dr Harnisch Publications 

Dr Claus-Jörg Harnisch, Benno Keller 

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Phone: +49 (0)911 2018-0 

Fax: +49 (0)911 2018-100 

wfs@harnisch.com | www.harnisch.com 

Editor-in-Chief Silke Watkins 

Publisher Benno Keller 

Editorial team Sebastian Martinek, 

Ian Healey 

Media Representatives 

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Northern Europe | Germany | Austria | Switzerland 

Benno Keller, keller@harnisch.com 

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North America 

Steve Max, steve.max@harnisch.com 

Number of issues 3 times per year 

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Copyright © 2023 

Dr Harnisch Verlags GmbH | Nuremberg | Germany 


International Magazine September 2022 ISSN 2628-5851 

Technology & Marketing 

Technology & Marketing 

3/22 

Ingredients: Plant-Based Food, Black Soldier Flies, Fibers and Cellulose, Grain Acceptability 

Processing: Wet Petfood Processing, Quality Control, Heat Exchangers, Mixing 

Packaging: Pouches and Alutrays, No Waste, Weighing Investment 

Free trial issue at food@harnisch.com 

The magazine PetFood PRO has grown out of a conviction and wish to 

underline the high level of quality and care in the manufacture of pet food, 

through the choice of ingredients, choice of technology and choice of 

packaging materials. We will endeavour to present this in an informative way, 

through a reader-friendly style and with a marketing perspective. 

www.petfoodpro-mag.com

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websites in addition to the digital 

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Wellness Foods + Supplements 1/2023

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